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Regarding to the meaning of constituionality, both in constitutional and juridical theory, as well as in many different works of various theorists, appear different opinions. Legal theory mainly deals with constitutionality in the legal sense, not fulfilling this with the political meaning. Political theory and sociology, in the first place, consider constitutionality as a political principle. Handling it in a separate way leads to their unilateral conclusion regarding the concept of constitutionality. The former ...

Within the context of educators human resource development in the Russian Federation the new phase of development of employer and employee relations in the educational institution comes followed by the introduction of teacherВ’s professional standard and the productive contract with employees of educational institutions. The productive contract is a new type of labor relationships which should be based on the assessment of effectiveness of each workerВ’s activity. This type of labor agreement promotes the increase...

The protection of the customers who take out insurance products has become more important, as there it is still not on very high level. Therefore, it is more likely that customers do not have all decisive information they need to deal with an insured event. The goal of this article is to introduce the new approach to the protection of consumers in the field of insurance. The partial goal is to determine how the study will proceed. This new research will be focused only on the life insurance products because non-li...

Background: Inventories are one of the most important assets. Their excess in an enterprise generates unnecessary costs but also has a positive impact on the safety of the company functioning as it improves its liquidity. In turn, the low level of stocks can reduce costs in an enterprise, but can lead to downtime in production or sales. Managers are looking for methods and strategies that will lead to optimal inventory levels and reduction of management costs. To reduce costs businesses often create purchasing org...

The paper aims to investigate the impact of chosen fund attributes, industry and country characteristics in the given group of high- and middle-income economies from EU on excess return of open-end equity funds domiciled in these countries by means of a panel regression with fixed effects for the time span from January 2000 to December 2016 and to perform subsequently international comparison of the obtained results with existing evidence from other regions or groups of advanced and emerging economies of the world.

Decision-making about new products is crucial for the growth and prosperity of any company, especially in the rapidly changing medical device market. In recent years the issue of evaluation of investment effectiveness into medical devices has been intensively solved both at private and national level. The most common methods can be divided into three groups: 1. strategic and financial valuation of projects (e.g., NPV, IRR, DCF), 2. weighting and scoring of products and product criteria (e.g., analytic hierarchy pr...

The disparity of economic development between regions of Russia is still under discussion. To date, a range of methods and models for evaluation of regional inequality exist. Russian researchers use statistical indicators (Gini and variation coefficients, Atkinson and Tail indexes) to measure the level of difference between GRP, population income, salary, investment allocation, tax incomes, budget incomes and others. The authors associate the disparity of regional development with the natural and artificial compet...

An investment climate is influenced by a regional policy and a set of regional factors. The attractiveness of investment climate in a region depends on how close these two elements interact with each other. The regionВ’s investment climate is largely defined by the combination of its investment potential and investment risk. In the paper, the regional investment climate was estimated by a set of indicators representing these two main constructs. The investment potential that is mainly determined by capital efficie...

This paper is a contribution to the discussion and analysis of irregular sentences in written language. Based on empirical evidence of written texts of Czech students, it deals with a description of various types of irregular sentences. This studyВ’s primary purpose is to explore which irregular sentence types can be recognised in the given context with a special emphasis put on the Theme-Rheme structuring of a discourse, as well as searching for reasons why irregular sentences occur in the text. The study utilize...

After the fall of communism, in Romania, as in other Central and East European countries, there have been major social and economic changes that were reflected in the way citizens take part in the political life. WomenВ’s involvement in politics is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon which follows very contradictory and sinuous trends: starting from a high rate of female participation in the political life during the communism (only as representatives, but not as decision-makers), to an abrupt drop in the 19...

Currently, there is a range of very serious issues related to the implementation of an accounting and audit process in non-commercial organizations due to the nature of their activities. Over the last decade, important changes aimed at aligning Russian and international accounting caused by the development of the Russian market economy has been made to the existing accounting system. However, methods of accounting and au-dit in non-commercial organizations remained mainly intact. As a result, questions con-cerning...

There is a specific group of information processes performed in an organisation which are particularly linked with information acquisition, processing and rendering. And even though numerous highly advanced IT solutions are commonly available, handling of such processes often involves a considerable share of manual activities. In order to support them, one can use tools developed in spreadsheets by following the author’s signature concept referred to as “Microtools Based on the Relational Data Model”. The art...

The objective of this paper is to show Milton's republican vision and the purpose for which republican system was to serve. According to John Milton the Christian alternative to monarchy was to be a free Commonwealth; no other system could free people from the state of slavery in which they were supposed to live, neither could it better secure their freedoms. The republican vision of political order was most precisely delineated in his treaty “The Readie and Easie Way to Establish a Free Commonwealth” (1660). ...

This paper focuses on the judge-witness interaction in the Romanian courtroom, namely on the questioning and reformulating strategies used by the judge in the Romanian courtroom. In the Romanian courtoom (belonging to the inquisitorial system of justice), the judge is actively involved in determining the facts of the case, while the judge in an adversarial system is an impartial referee of the prosecution and defendant pleading their cases before a jury who determines the facts of the case. If judges have a passiv...

In this paper I am going to focus on the work of the Czech writer Karel Capek, who lived in the first half of the 20th century, as it was perceived by the Czech exile literary critics and Western scholars specialized in Czech studies. This author enjoyed great popularity in Britain in the period between the two world wars, but his works had gradually fallen into oblivion over time, perhaps except for his play RUR, which enriched the English language with the word robot, and the novel War with the Newts. I am going...

The paper, based on the field ethnographic data of the researcher, is dedicated to Nauryz (Navruz) or New Year - the holiday of awakening and resurrection of nature. Great importance is given to the preparation of ritual food - "Nauryz kozhe" or "nauryzdy?". This dish is supposed to consist of seven food components: meat, wheat, rice, etc. The main characteristic feature of this ceremonial meal is a sign of abundance, which is habitually interpreted in connection with the "magic of the first day", meaning that the...

The main objective of the paper is to analyze the key problems ahead of BulgariaВ’s accession to the euro area. By joining the EU, Bulgaria assumed a duty and became eligible to join the euro area. By its nature and consequences, joining the eurozone is not only a matter of currency substitution, but also a radical change of the monetary regime and elimination of the currency board arrangement in Bulgaria. The study emphasizes that to date the accession of Bulgaria to the euro area has the importance of an immedia...

The article considers questions of conceptual aspects in developing of knowledge management theory. The relevance of the article is due to development of innovational economics and necessity to create and to implement the knowledge management system as its component. The purpose of article is to develop theoretical and practical provisions about place and role of knowledge management at the enterprise in conditions of new economic functioning. In the study, authors designed the theoretical and practical nature of ...

This paper attempts to analyze the system and the behavior of all actors in the field of competition by determining and then analyzed its composition, degree of concentration of businesses in the same activities, bringing them about pricing, bringing them to customer, the number of businesses participating in the market, types of products or services they offer, and many other factors in order to assess the level of competition between businesses in different areas so all this with the purpose of implementation of...

The paper is dedicated to the points of efficient recreational management of natural resources in the steppe area of Russia. It is the authors’ opinion that koumiss therapy – the traditional for the region kind of tourism – is necessary to consider as an upcoming trend in the development of recreations in steppes of the Russian Federation. The history of the koumiss therapy at the territory of Russia and the USSR is analyzed in the paper; it was noted that the organized at the beginning of the XX century net ...

Article is devoted to development of gnoseological approaches to justification of idea kreatosfer of the Arctic on philosophy of a consent and the world. The main theoretical and methodological approaches to concept of a kreatosfer are generalized. Cultural and natural sources kreatosfer of the Arctic are allocated. Kreatosfer are defined structure of formation and modeling. Role of the Arctic in development of the Russian Federation and many other countries it is very great now. In recent years considerably geopo...

The main objective of this study is to find out the impact of labor force emigration abroad on labor market in the country of origin by means of a dual approach. Solving this problem required an analysis and assessment of specific contexts in labor market trends - employment, unemployment, wage levels, the number of free jobs and labor emigration. Several economic criteria are developed in the study and the effects of labor emigration on labor market are recalculated by means of mathematical calculations. The impl...

Over the past ten years, immigrants represented 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe. Highly skilled labor migration is an important part of all migration flows. Skills are a pathway to employability and prosperity. Skills gaps and mismatches are striking. Many people work in jobs that do not match their talents. At the same time, 40% of European employers have difficulty finding people with the skills they need to grow and innovate. Fourth Industrial Revolution is characterized by a fusion of technologi...

Migration of the population is one of the most important demographic processes. Migration of the population has a significant impact on the changing structure of the population. One of the driving factors of migration is the search for more attractive work. In the context of the transformation of the Russian economy in recent years, there has been an increase in migration flows in connection with the search for work. Taking into account the economic difficulties of moving to a permanent place of residence in anoth...

The research is dedicated to revealing the factors stimulating the labor migration growth trend of the Russian university graduates. In this article the growth rates are characterized, the factors increasing the youth orientation to building their career abroad are determined. The stages of the moving intention shaping process are defined and the identifying indicators are suggested. The authors approbate the diagnostic tools and receive the results, characterizing the distribution of the graduates based on the вЂ...

This article is devoted to the support of families with children provided by the state, which is often discussed and still being topical issue. Labour-law claims of employed parents having small children are connected to their specific working conditions. By social claims, claims to financial benefits provided by the state within the periods of pregnancy and parentsВ‘care of small children are meant. The aim of this article is to explain the given topic as for its legal frame as well as to determine the fundamenta...

Landscape stability cannot be absolute because no living system in the landscape can be totally unchanged. Partial changes inside the landscape and changes in the whole landscape are directly related to the type of stability in a particular landscape component and to the spatial structure of the landscape. Stable patches represent areas that are identically used during the whole studied period. The aim of the paper is to analyze land use changes and landscape stability in a small catchment of RadiВљa watercourse (...

Development of cultural landscape is a continuous long lasting process combining both natural conditions and human society activities. Whilst formation of natural environment was a result of processes in remote geological eras, stabilisation of cultural, social and production relationships that has shaped the face of cultural landscape happened in last few centuries. The paper is focused on a long-term development of the selected Slovak cultural landscape types (plains, basins, uplands, highlands, and mountains) i...

The landscape has a great cultural and historical importance because it represents the archive of history and the identity of a territory and also of the people, who over the centuries, have inhabited and transformed it. It is the network in which all the issues of cultural heritage are included, each linked to the other: this interaction and stratification should be absolutely considered and emphasized in every action of research, knowledge, conservation and valorisation. Currently the deep change that the concep...

Over the years of socialism in Poland, golf was considered a game of aristocrats, therefore, after World War II to the nineties, not one golf course arose in Poland. The game itself was forgotten for years. Fortunately, this trend is reversed, golf is gaining more and more followers, a lot of new golf courses were opened. Golf is a sport maybe not massive, but popular. The return of golf to the Olympic Games in Brazil in 2016 for sure helps the return of golf to Poland. Although the Polish designers and investors ...

Central Park in Astana lies on the bank of the Ishim River. In the past, the parkВ’s area consisted of three equal zones В— a recreation zone, amusement zone and ceremonial zone. In the recent years, a redevelopment of the park took place. The new project consists in dividing the park into six zones with different functions. The park has a beach and a sports zone. There is Central Avenue with the city clock, dry fountains, new area of Olympians and a composition of four grottoes surrounding the clock with a unique...

The paper explores relations beetwen philosohical views of language and the problem of intersubjectivity in interpretation of legal text. The purpose of the paper is to show and analyse the consequences and difficulties with aplying philosophical ideas of language to legal interpretation with respect to intersubjectivity of that kind of interpretation. Author characterizes two general phlilosophical views of natural language – the structuralist view and the nominalist view. The structuralist view is based on two...

The articleВ’s focus is to evaluate language education in terms of formation of multilingualism as one of the factors of successful internationalization. The questions of language education are discussed in the article as well as the modern language policy of the Republic Sakha (Russia) has been considered and the activities implemented at the University level are evaluated. The research was conducted on the base of state policy documents analysis, reports on modern position of Russia in the international market o...

In the vocabulary of each language, there are such expressions that are actively used in communicating people in the form of generally accepted formulas for expressing greetings, farewells, gratitude, etc., and are of a traditional nature. Most of the works on speech clichГ©s are based on the analogy of stable complexes of a single language. Comparative studies of the funds of speech clichГ©s of different languages exist, but, as experience shows, the material of the stock of speech clichГ©s of one language is ins...

In terms of linguistic exploration, the language of advertising has been thoroughly studied. Advertising as a form of communication in contemporary societies is discussed in its social and cultural context which is inseparable from the language itself. Although the visual in advertising has gained the supremacy nowadays, the language still has the important part as far as the impact of the advertisementВ’s message on the consumers is concerned. Regarding that, the research objective in this textual analysis is to ...

Both now and always people use verbal aggressiveness to achieve personal, social and professional goals. There are a lot of examples of different methods, tactics, means and strategies of inter-professional communication within pragmalinguistic approach. Staff members are confronted increasingly with verbal aggressiveness. Aggression at the workplace may either be caused internally by colleagues or by external persons not belonging to the company: clients, visitors, suppliers. Aggression is a very strong emotion, ...

Our paper tackles the long-discussed processes of internationalization and globalization that is taking place in the sphere of higher education. The purpose of the research is to determine the underlying factors in studentsВ’ choice of a university and a country of study. We carry out comprehensive evaluation of attractiveness of high education in the world according to the student mobility criteria. A research of English-language programs offering by the Russian top universities included in the QS World Universit...

The aim of the Research: Nowadays all components of University undergraduate education must be revised due to the changes in the educational anthropocentric paradigm. These transformations leads to revision of the procedures for assessment of proficiency level of the students' competences. The existing assessment procedures do not give evidence of the dynamics of personal transformation of students; do not allow to identify the learners' level of compliance with the requirements of the educational standards. The a...

The article considers language variety or multilingualism of the modern globalized world space in the terms of local and global components of the inter cultural communication as vectors aiming to opposite directions from the point of view of different and often clashing scientific and historical approaches. The use of historical and comparative analysis allows the author to understand that most scholars claim that such turbulence occurs because the peoples as the carriers of different national cultures and languag...

The article undertakes an attempt to consider laughter as a phenomenon of a personВ’s religious life, analyse the symbolic meaning of laughter in religious practices and myths. Laughter played rather a relevant role in the archaic culture: particularly ritual laughter assured the link between the sacral and secular segments of existence. The connection between laughter and religion (apart from ritual laughter) can be traced to specific aspects of laughter culture of the ancient and medieval periods, as well as in ...

The paper is devoted to the issues of lawyersВ’ communicative competence and intercultural interaction which are given the priority in international professional activities of lawyers. The authorВ’s experience of teaching English to Bachelors and Masters studying at the Institute of Law, PeoplesВ’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) is analyzed. The process of studying the interlocutors, involved into professional communication in tactical and strategic aspects, should precede professional contacts; ...

The paper concentrates on the legal analysis of the independence of the Czech Central Bank. Central bank independence is a key precondition for the successful implementation of monetary policy and hence for sustainable non-inflationary economic growth. Independence protects the central bank primarily against any political pressure to adopt measures to boost short-term economic growth. The term "independence" is not explicitly expressed in Czech legal documents (the Constitution of the Czech Republic and the Czech ...

The article is devoted to several approaches to understanding of the legal culture phenomenon. The object approach dominating in the domestic theory is inadequate, because it reduces legal culture only to knowledge of current legislation and law-abiding behavior. The author's approach reveals the underlying foundation of legal culture of the different social actors, which are the leading values - formal equality, freedom and justice.

Legal personality is one of the most important constitutive elements of international organizations. So far, international organizations have acquired legal personality in national as well as in international law. In the first case, international organizations are subjects of national legal systems, while in the second case, they are subjects of international law. However, despite the fact that the United Nations possess legal personality in both national and international law, certain subsidiary organs of the Uni...

Nowadays, with the rapid development of international relations, sharply increases the intensity of migration processes, and as a consequence - the number of migrants. From the Russian Federation adopted obligations to respect human rights implies the need to ensure individual rights to free choice of residence and freedom of movement. There is a process of formation of the renewed worldview in which every human disorder encourages the search for a better life. One of the consequences of such a disorder are migrat...

Currently there are no specific studies dedicated to the administrative and legal transformation in the management of protected and protection of democratic values such as the constitutional system, security and welfare of the population. We are talking about protection, and public evaluation of the effectiveness of legal means of managing large complex relationships in the context of the inadmissibility of weakening national security. In consideration of the reader is presented the most difficult legal and admini...

In the modern world the question of the need for the legalization of gambling business is debatable, numerous disputes over this issue continue to date. At the same time supporters of both points of view adduce serious arguments in justification of their positions. Proponents of the legalization claim that permission of lawfully operating gambling industry will promote inflow of the considerable money to the budget necessary for development of various spheres of public administration, activization of the tourist i...

The authors suggest that the development of civil society as well as of information technologies are objective factors that influence the content of the legislation of any modern state. From this perspective, they evaluate the system of financial control (supervision, audit) in the Russian Federation and the quality of its legal regulation. To determine the specifics of the legislative regulation of financial control, a comparative legal analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and of a number o...

Objective of this research is the finding of the reasons of the economic, political, social and other public crises which became frequent for the last century and happening in various countries, the finding of possible ways of elimination of these reasons. According to the theory of the self-organizing systems, each of these crises separately is manifestation of failures of the existing relationship between people and of the associations of people. But the observed reproduction and combination of crises in all dir...

Role played by political communication is hard to overstate today. Issues of power and authority are discussed openly within any social order built on the principles of transparency and democracy. Hence, solutions to a number of political problems largely depend on the adequacy of their linguistic interpretation. As a genre of political discourse, election discourse represents a type of communication marked by a high level of manipulation due to a number of reasons. That is why is seems important to single out the...