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To be careful about how to prepare a new research project can be considered as a self-evident feature of any scientific activity. Nevertheless, the accelerating technological development for how to identify and handle research data has created both new possibilities and challenges in the digital society. Additionally, the boom created by access to applications utilizing generative artificial intelligence has also waken interest among researchers. This development has led to more detailed regulations of technology ...

Central state administration entities implement public administration functions at the territorial level through territorial state administration entities, which constitute a distinct component of the public administration system. This level is crucial as it directly ensures the provision of administrative and public services to individuals within the administrative units of the Republic of Lithuania, thereby serving the public interest. This article aims to analyse the organisational model of territorial state ad...

The study explores the constitutional and conventional foundations of the criminal law principle nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege, as a fundamental safeguard of legality and predictability in penal systems. The analysis investigates how this principle, enshrined in Article 23(12) of the Romanian Constitution, Article 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and Article 49 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, operates as both a guarantee against arbitrariness and a structural limit t...

Workplace harassment in educational institutions represents an increasingly visible interdisciplinary concern affecting teachers’ well-being, professional ethics, and the quality of the learning environment. This paper examines workplace harassment (mobbing) in Romanian schools and universities through a combined legal and psychological perspective. The analysis addresses recent national and European regulatory developments, particularly Law no. 167/2020 and Government Decision no. 27/2025, which strengthen inst...

The European directives on air pollution liability have undergone several substantial changes. The approval in October 2024 of a new directive has highlighted the problems present in the previous directives. This study analyses how they were addressed and proposes possible further innovative solutions. The definitions of environmental damage contained in Article 2 of Directive 2004/35/EC allow for the delimitation of legal areas and critical issues in the field of environmental pollution. The results indicate that...

The global food system faces environmental, social and legal challenges. Primary production has become increasingly dependent on external inputs from industrial companies, which contribute to the rising cost of nutritious food and decreasing the income of producers, particularly the producers in primary production. Adopting alternative models of short food supply chains can reduces those negative effects and moves the agri-food supply chain towards some Agenda 2030 sustainable developments goals and aims of Europe...

Mediation, an alternative dispute resolution tool, has attracted the attention of the EU, which has decided to promote its use in cross-border disputes by adopting DIRECTIVE 2008/52/EC of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters. Subsequently, in December 2018, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted the United Nations Convention on International Agreements Resulting from Mediation (the “Singapore Convention”), which applies to international settlement agreeme...

European Union (EU) has been at the forefront of efforts to disrupt and dismantle the financial networks that sustain terrorist organizations. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory frameworks and enforcement mechanisms employed by the EU in its fight against the financing of terrorism. The study analyses the threat by examining the different funding methods used over the years by various terrorist organizations. Then, the research scrutinizes the role of EU frameworks and mechanisms to mit...

Corruption is a global phenomenon, and a high level of corruption in a country has a negative impact on various areas of state life, such as politics, economy, and law. In addition, due to the high level of corruption, the international prestige of the country is declining. The increasing number of corruption crimes is one of the most urgent problems in Lithuania. The aim of this research is to reveal the main issues of criminal liability for corruption crimes in Lithuanian court practice. To conduct the research,...

There are many issues in cyberspace that have an impact on people and society overall in different ways, affecting all industries and nations. Part of what makes cyberspace so unique is how creatively it uses modern technologies. The research emphasises the need for a proliferation of cyber studies among academic institutions in Romania: The cyber domain is related to every area of our modern lives and affects them in an immediate and far-reaching way, being a space based on technology. Cyber programs should focus...

This article explores emerging legal challenges in managing the legacy of digital assets in an increasingly connected world. In the age of technology, assets such as cryptocurrencies, online accounts, software licenses, and digital intellectual property are becoming increasingly relevant in inheritance processes. However, the lack of a clear and unified legislative framework creates difficulties in transferring these assets post-mortem. Heirs often face technological and legal barriers to accessing assets, includi...

The final frontier of European transitional energy law must be found in the introduction of a balanced and efficient system of climate and energy justice. The stratification, over time, of multiple rules in European Union law, both soft law and hard law, has, on the one hand, ensured legal certainty and regulation of the various aspects of the matter but, on the other hand, risks increasing litigation between the players in this field exponentially. The significant increase in the number of regulations governing t...

Purpose: Establishing the place and importance of the General Principles of Law in the European context, with the connotations they have at the level of the Member States, as well as at the level of other states, in order to establish the indestructible link between them and the rules or norms of fundamental law or only of law private. Starting from the definitions of the General Principles on all the specified levels, the objectives to be achieved for a correct interpretation of the application of the law are to ...

Radicalism and its association with Islam have become a global concern due to the threats it poses to international peace and security. To understand this association and its dynamics, it is important to examine both the factors leading to the rise of radicalism and how it is related to Islam. To counter the radicalism associated with Islam, a comprehensive approach is needed that addresses both the underlying causes of radicalization and distorted interpretations of the religion. Examining the association between...

In the study, the authors present information from a survey of the Academy of the Police Force in Bratislava, in which members of the police force commented on their awareness of sexology. Basic knowledge of sexology is a necessary condition for investigative work, not only for sexual crimes, but also for many threatening crimes. Results on very well-known survey results in this area. The study is the result of testing during the Special Interrogation Rooms project, and was created thanks to the EU project "Bridge...

The demands of the contemporary society revealed the necessity to create a legislative framework that would be able to provide concrete solutions to ensure the balance between professional and private life. To achieve this, it was emphasized at the European Union level that workers ought to gain from suitable policies that would motivate them to keep their jobs or go back to work after carrying out responsibilities imposed by their personal lives, such as being parents or family caregivers. The European Union’s ...

This study analysis object digital traces and their influence on the content of modern Criminalistics and the Privacy of individuals. The broad in context and highlight the purpose both of the objects can by useful for better understanding those partly new phenomena in modern live. Basis of the study is to analyze different aspects of the digital traces, including its creation, collection and use. Very complicated is in actual law regulation to correctly capture the balance between the freedom to use information, ...

The present study starts from the broad context of the recent legislative changes introduced by the entry into force of Law no. 140/2022 regarding some protection measures for people with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities, a law that amended and supplemented the provisions of the Civil Code and the Code of Civil Procedure in the matter of the protection of natural persons. The normative act modified these measures in a more nuanced and comprehensive manner, by referring also to European and international ...

The overall purpose of this paper is the analysis of remedies in the matter of awarding public procurement contracts, with emphasis on the Romanian case, in the context of EU law. Methodologically, the study aims to analyse Romanian Law no. 101/2016 on appeals and remedies for the award of public contracts, sectorial contracts and works concession contracts and service concession contracts, as well as for the organization and operation of the National Council for the Settlement of Complaints. This law transposes t...

The scientific approach aims at analyzing the legislation in Romania regarding the recognition of the exercise of civil legal capacity under the conditions of equal opportunities in favor of vulnerable adults against whom a special protection measure has been taken. As a first step, we will give arguments for the need of protecting the civil legal ability of an adult natural person with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities, even if protective measures have been implemented. In addition, the concept of legal ...

The constant need to ensure the efficient use of resources, especially in the period of a challenging geopolitical situation, when the mobilization of resources in every sector of the national economy is of decisive importance, while not allowing the quality of educational services to decrease. The regulatory framework governing resource management within education system of Latvia is a multifaceted construct crucial for ensuring efficient allocation and utilization of resources. This paper provides an in-depth ex...

In the present paper we aim to analyze several key aspect regarding the protection of the children’s rights in the EU specially and all over the world, in general. We will refer to the 1980 Hague Convention which applies in all EU member states in regard to the children under the age of 16 who are displaced from their habitual residence in another state or are detained in this second state unlawfully. The provisions of the Hague Convention apply if the child was illegally moved to or from a country which is a pa...

In the present paper we aim to analyze several key aspect regarding the protection of the children’s rights in the EU specially and all over the world, in general. We will refer to the 1980 Hague Convention which applies in all EU member states in regard to the children under the age of 16 who are displaced from their habitual residence in another state or are detained in this second state unlawfully. The provisions of the Hague Convention apply if the child was illegally moved to or from a country which is a pa...

This study analyses the strategies and measures adopted by the European Union to address the growing problem of energy poverty. European, national and regional policies will be examined (with particular attention to the interventions put in place by the Sicilian Region), the financial support programmes and awareness raising initiatives implemented in Member States to combat energy poverty. The survey highlights best practices and persistent challenges, with a focus on the impact of sustainable energy policies and...

The valorisation of a healthcare model centred on the active role of the patient has allowed its assimilation, from a legal perspective, to the figure of the consumer, characterised by ontological vulnerability and information asymmetry. This analogy is convincing in the hypothesis of the patient-direct user of medical devices, while it is more problematic in the presence of a therapeutic relationship between the patient and the healthcare provider, in particular medical facility. The assessment of compatibility b...

The concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has emerged as a key pillar of environmental policies, designed to shift the financial and operational burden of waste management from governments and consumers to producers. This paper explores the legal framework surrounding EPR, examining its impact on recycling practices in various sectors, such as electronics, packaging and end-of-life vehicles. The EPR aims to incentivise producers to design more sustainable products by making them responsible for their e...

In the present paper we aim to analyze the way the philosophical theories on the concept of truth find their applicability in the contemporary society and their influences on moral decisions and the making of justice. First, we will refer to the main philosophical theories in this matter: the correspondence theory of truth, the coherence of truth and the pragmatic theory regarding the truth and, also, to some relevant contemporary theories regarding the truth. Then, we will analyze how these theories fit into the ...

Women’s inheritance rights in biblical and European contexts are complex topics that have been extensively studied by scholars in various fields such as history, theology, and social studies. In both contexts, women’s inheritance rights were influenced by cultural norms, religious beliefs and legal systems. Biblically, women’s inheritance rights are emphasized in the Old Testament, especially in the laws of Moses found in books such as Deuteronomy and Numbers. These laws provide clear guidelines for the dist...

The Treaty of Rome promoted a more cautious approach as concerns the free movement of capital in comparison with other fundamental economic freedoms. The recognized importance of the sovereign prerogatives of the states in the field of monetary policies explains why its original regulatory wording bears the signs of a reserved attitude and of an increased concern for the balance of powers distributed between the Commission, the Council and the Member States. The full liberalization of capital movements is the resu...

Pornography has been a part of human life since the time of the Moravian Venus from the Young Palaeolithic period because it can also be considered a certain type of pornography. She could represent a certain prestige because she is naked and in the equipment of not only a warrior. It is also a symbol of fertility, as evidenced by its full curves as a sign of life and the preservation of the family. The issue of pornography is extensive and there is still no unified and comprehensive definition of it. Therefore, e...

This article contains the analysis of the legal provisions that apply to the modalities in which public property can be achieved. In the present context, the legal regime of public property is established by both the Civil and Administrative Code, so it is imperative to correlate the rules to obtain a complete image of this legal institution. Property right is one of the most important of any legal system and so the guiding lines are contained in the fundamental law. Because of the derogatory regime of this right,...

Closely linked to the economic developments that followed after the Second World War, the emergence of golden shares was conceived as a way of preserving in favor of the public power the control over the companies initially owned by the state and subsequently privatized. They are shares that grant the state, as a shareholder, special prerogatives in companies that operate in strategic economic sectors (public security, defense, energy, telecommunications). Recognizing the state (minority in capital!) privileged fa...

In the present paper we aim to analyse the new regulations regarding the whistleblower in Romania and in the European Union. First we will present some general aspects regarding the necessity of whistleblowing in democratic societies. Then we will analize the content of the Whistleblower Protection Directive 2019/1937: who can be an whistleblower, object of whistleblower disclosures and means of protection. After that, we will refer to the particular case of Romania, where the first law in this matter entered into...

Disputes between family members are particularly suitable for peaceful resolution,especially disputes concerning children. Croatian family law has a long tradition ofproviding assistance to families facing divorce and consequences of dissolving familyunion. According to Family Act of 2015 there are two institutes aimed at consensualresolution of family law conflicts - institutes of obligatory counselling and familymediation. Since children are especially vulnerable in situations of family conflict it isof the utmo...

Starting from the idea that the benefits of economic development must be greater than the costs, including those related to the environment conservation and betterment, the first sustainable development strategy of Romania in 1999 had as goal to maintain the welfare of the population in correlation with the requirements of using natural resources rationally and conserving ecosystem. The accession to the European Union in 2007 adjusted the national priorities, these being found in the National Strategy for Sustaina...

Human trafficking is one of today’s most acute problems affecting many countries worldwide. While anyone can fall victim to human trafficking, most victims are women and girls subjected to sexual exploitation. Human trafficking is taking on new forms and threatening fundamental human rights and values. Amnesty International published a report on the state of human rights in 154 countries in 2021/22, listing human trafficking as one of the areas where human rights violations are particularly acute.The Protocol to...

In the current security context of the Black Sea region, trade relations are affected by the imperative of international sanctions, which have imposed a series of restrictions that make it difficult for professionals to carry out commercial contracts. Through the 11 packages of restrictions established by the EU, following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the supply of raw materials from the East and exports to these destinations are largely blocked. The risk of fraud is evident as long as production facilities are d...

The democratic contemporary society is one in which the respect for the fundamental human rights is essential. In the present paper we will refer to the special right of the children to benefit of financial support from his/her parents or tutors. The children are one especially vulnerable category of human beings as their mental and physical abilities are not yet sufficiently form in order for them to be independent and be able to support themselves. For a long period of time, in the first eighteen years the child...

The principle of the rule of law is constantly evoked by the jurisdictions that have thecompetence to control the implementation and observance of the limitation of thepowers of the state, as well as the guarantee of human rights. The internationalization ofthe principles of the rule of law and the protection of human rights occurred in Europethrough the European Union and the Council of Europe, which did not limit themselvesto listing common values, but established a series of sanctions for their violation. TheCo...

Starting from the role of the feudal judges in the distribution of justice in Wallachia and Moldova, briefly reviewing the evolution of the legislative codification of their mission in the resolution of disputes brought before the courts, this paper analysis through the method of historical and comparative research, the orientation of the Romanian legislator towards the expansion of the freedom of the judge in finding out the truth and avoiding any judicial error. Without any doubt, it`s main task is to correctly ...

The transition of justice to the digital age is a necessary step, especially in the field of cross-border case management, in order to ensure the efficiency and resilience of justice systems. One of the concrete measures adopted in support of the digitalization of justice is represented by the entry into force of Regulation (EU) 2020/1783 of the European Parliament and of the Council of November 25, 2020 on cooperation between the courts of the member states in the field of obtaining evidence in civil or commercia...

The author tries to shortly characterize the content and scope of actual specific parts of evidence used in modern Criminalistic and Forensic science. The last twenty years used as frequent evidence in connection with crimes committed via information and communication technologies known in English as digital evidence, or exactly in Criminalistic as Digital trace. The study analyses the possibilities of digital trace, as a new part of criminalistics theory, and/or as forensic traces. Those are typical for crimes co...

In the regulation of the current Romanian Code of Criminal Procedure (Law no. 135/2010, entered into force on February 1, 2014), the contestation regarding the duration of the criminal trial was conceived as a procedural remedy in the case of the lack of celerity of the judicial bodies. The lack of promptness of the criminal investigation bodies can lead to the violation of the fundamental right to resolve the case within a reasonable term, as a component of the right to a fair trial, enshrined in the European Con...

Minors involved in administrative or judicial proceedings are severely affected by the experience of their going through. This is why it is required a supplementing of the legislation with provisions that can support minors in order to express themselves without coercions and without fear, and their rights to be respected in the interaction with public authorities. This implies the training of all categories of professionals who interact with minors in these legal procedures, in the sense of knowing the basic noti...

Human dignity is inviolable. It must be respected and protected. Everyone has the right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity. [1] Hate crimes are crimes motivated by racial, ethnic, or religious hatred or hostility. Media regularly reports violence against certain ethnic groups. Lithuania, like other EU countries, applies EU law directly or transposes it into national law. These changes have also had an impact on the fight against hate crime, as this type of crime has received increasing attenti...

The EU Security Strategy contains binding provisions on ensuring security via law enforcement cooperation and tackling crime-related issues. Taking into account the Council of the EU’s Public Security Strategies and conclusions on the implementation of the Vision for European Forensic Science 2020 as well as national legislation (Lithuanian Public Security Development Programme 2015-2025) aimed at crime control and prevention and ensuring public security, the Article suggests the need for a scientific concept of...

In the present article we aim to analyze the fact that the quality of public administration and governance of a country is essential for its economic performance, and also for the well-being of the citizens of that country. Effective public administrations are at the service of citizens and businesses. It is essential that public authorities can adapt to changing circumstances. The European Commission helps EU Member States undertake reforms in public administration and governance by providing technical support. A...

The article analyses the relationship between the migration process and crime, revealing European realities and future prospects. The specific nature of the phenomena under analysis means that the data required for a comprehensive analysis of the problem are not readily available, and the registered statistics do not reflect the real situation. a review of academic sources, statistical data, and empirical research, the paper identifies the factors that shape migration processes and crime. Empirical studies have co...

Money laundering (“ML”) crimes started getting world-wide recognition in the 1980s. Governments started becoming aware of the huge profits generated from such criminal activities and this created the impetus for governments to come up with anti-money laundering mechanisms to stop criminals enjoying their illicit gains. In the yesteryears, money laundering was strictly associated with financial transactions that happened in organized crime but nowadays money laundering activities have expanded into various othe...

The granting of exemptions in 2022 in Romania for the use of three neonicotinoid pesticides, considered toxic pesticides, harmful to bees, is considered "the beginning of a systemic crisis for environmental health and food security in Europe and globally". That is precisely why neonicotinoid pesticides, have been completely banned from the outdoor environment by the European Commission for eight years, after the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) confirmed their harmful effect. This article also analyzes the pr...