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In the article authors review rules applicable to international transfers of personal data. With the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union (EU), substantial requirements were introduced by the co-legislators to ensure organisational and technical safeguards of any data processing of EU citizens. These safeguards are crucial to ensure adequate protection of citizens’ rights, especially in case of international transfers to the countries outside of the European Union or to i...

Every business subject strives to achieve the highest possible prosperity and profitability of its business in connection with the fulfillment of its business mission and achievement of the set strategic goals. Successful sales of products and services to customers are a prerequisite for achieving the set goals. Customers are one of the key to future business development, so it is very important for enterprises to pay attention to customer relationship management. Customer Relationship Management is a process of i...

Festivities are one of the most stable forms of spiritual culture which undergo significant transformations as the result of globalization. Not only the spectrum of festivities, their functions, and traditions, but also the attitudes of people and their knowledge about festive culture are changing. The influence of festivities, having originated in Western Europe (St. Valentine’s Day, Halloween, etc.), is another significant trend that has become evident in contemporary Latvia. The research analyses the specificit...

The aim of the article is to analyze the transformations of the spatial structure occurring on single-family housing estates, in the context of existing planning regulations. These transformations, in order to adapt buildings (originally of small cubature) to contemporary standards and needs, consists primarily of their horizontal and vertical development. The BGK estate on Kolo (in Warsaw), created in the pre-war period, was selected as the research area. It consisted of one-storey buildings (with a usable attic)...

The article examines modern interpretations of the term “behavioral wars” as a variety of information and psychological wars. As a methodical basis the authors applied analysis of modern publications on this theme by both Russian and foreign authors. In modern politics, information wars or information operations are the drivers of interstate relations. Behavioral wars are aimed at changing the behavior of population in the direction favorable for the enemy. Behavioral weapon is a tool of behavioral war. One of the...

The Faculty of Military Health Science is one of the three faculties of the University of Defense in the Czech Republic. This Faculty is responsible for education of medics, pharmacists, dentists and paramedics in the Army of the Czech Republic. During their educational program we have to connect two basic aspects of duty in armed forces – work as a member of healthcare service, professional healthcare worker contra work as a soldier, member of military professional armed units. These two disciplines are different...

The present paper is dedicated to investigation of a specific pattern of memory narrative – recollecting the past by the protagonist when visiting sites of personal memories – as a framework of reconstructing personal and collective identity in Canadian writer Margaret Atwood’s novel “Cat’s Eye” (1988) and Latvian writer Anita Liepa’s memory narrative “Davana jeb Flensburgas noskanas” (A Present or Reflections of Flensburg, 2013). The methodology of the research draws on contemporary developments in the field of m...

In the last 40 years, damage to natural disasters has registered a 14-fold increase. Since 1990, losses from natural disasters have exceeded 700 billion USD, and 70% of global economic losses are still uninsured. The existence of such large deficits proves that market mechanisms have not been very effective, and if this trend continues, it is estimated that around 2065 the world will spend all the economic growth accumulated with the response to these disasters. Financial resilience, especially in the case of deve...

The term globalization has defined the reflection on the contemporaneity of the last thirty years, according with two directives: in an interdisciplinary sense, starting from the economic sciences up to the social and political sciences; in a broader sense, in the public opinion, for the affinity between the meaning of expression and the concrete experience of individuals. The globalization represented one of those rare cases of correspondence between science and doxa, so much to seems extremely effective in defin...

This article deals with the development of knowledge management theory. The relevance of the article is due, in fact, to the powerful development of the digital information economy and its impact on all areas of the state’s economy. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical statements about the knowledge management system as a component of the enterprise management system as a whole. Issues related to the design of knowledge management systems, including descriptions of various methods, technologies and...

The paper is aimed at critically approaching key theoretical contributions, research insights, academic commentary and debates in Latvia in relation to cultural literacy, cultural identities and cultural interactions in the context of cultural policies of Latvia. The article analyses the studies on the importance of cultural literacy for the transmission of the traditional cultural heritage and discusses the issue of people’s national and cultural identity, national self-respect, and sense of belonging to the Latv...

The article describes functioning of phraseological units of the Russian and English languages in scientific and artistic discourses. Scientific and artistic types of discourse manifest almost diametrically opposed features. The research shows that stylistically neutral phraseological units and praseologisms-euphemisms prevail in scientific discourse. Emotional phraseologisms occur, but seldom. In general, occurrence of phraseological units in scientific discourse is not as frequent as in artistic one. To the cont...

In terms of the economic, historical and structural transformations, the Romanian energy sector has contributed and essentially contributed to the country's development and development process through its profound influence on the quality of life, the competitiveness of the economy, the environment and the climate. To support the expectations of energy consumers, the Romanian energy sector must become more economically efficient, technologically advanced and less polluting for human health and the environment. Rom...

In the post-war period, the architecture of Polish single-family houses went through a number of phases. As a result, the landscape of Polish homes is very diverse and illegible. Currently, the prevailing architectural styles are strongly mixed up and their placement is accidental and does not flow from deeper historical analyzes and the architectural - urban context. In addition, the level of architectural awareness of investors and developers makes that there is a dramatic spatial chaos in Poland. The article co...

The fantastic is the evolution and the reincarnation of the characters and heroes in Mythology and fairy tales, which are the evolution of real legends, and myths as well. The fantastic reveals the hesitation ‘Is it real or not?’ in receiver’s mind. The fantastic transgresses the border between the imagery and the reality, the true and false. The true and false, the imagery and the real are all intermingled. The receiver does not come up with the answer in the fantastic; on the contrary, it pushes the reader into ...

The purpose of the study is to identify the nature of sociocultural units selection as subjective or objective in Russian as a foreign language textbooks by the example of personalities and idioms. In the research the methods of the study are a method of personalities continuous selection from Russian as a foreign language textbooks for Beginners, content-analysis of Russian as a foreign language textbooks for Beginners and modern Russian idioms textbooks for foreign students; analyses of different forms of socioc...

The topic of the research is topical due to the contemporary challenges of spreading illegal migration, combating international crime, maintaining national sovereignty and territorial integrity in the context of hybrid war and other aggressive activities. The legal framework of the State border of the Republic of Latvia and the Russian Federation is being studied in terms of national border security and national security. The research uses the legal analysis method to study the legal framework of the state border ...

The paper focuses on the construction industry and its analysis from the economic-statistical perspective. Construction is a specialized economic sector that provides construction, maintenance, modernization, reconstruction and demolition of building structures. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the development of construction companies in 2010 and 2014, which are years after the crisis. The statistical data of all construction enterprises were processed for the above years using the Albertina database. In 2010,...

Small and medium sized enterprises (SME) have an important role in developing the economies of each country in the world, no matter their domain of activity. In Romania, the number of such enterprises is significantly smaller than in other EU countries, as official Eurostat (2018) statistics prove. In this case, the Romanian authorities’ decision of supporting the creation of new SME’s through a four-year program is praiseworthy. While the main idea of such a program is to offer the beneficiaries at least a part o...

This study is devoted to the description of the ethnopsycholinguistic features of Vietnamese students, the study of their national and cultural specifics and language consciousness. Vietnamese language, like any other language, is associated with various forms of public consciousness that contain a large ethnic component. The authors study Vietnamese culture through the Vietnamese language consciousness, through the prism of the Vietnamese language, which, in turn, is considered as a form of fixing the culture and...

This paper focuses on representation of iconographic elements in literary writings in the context of Italian modernity, by addressing important and innovative theoretical and critical aspects from a multidisciplinary perspective, such as redefinitions of poetic boundaries and principles on which they reside. It examines how pictorial imagery and understandings can permeate one’s own literary expression constituting its integral and substantial part, while the novelty of the paper consists in the fact that it studi...

Noise from road transport is understand like a negative phenomenon which affects human health and causes them physical and mental harm. A part of road projects efficiency evaluation should be quantification and monetization of negative impacts from the road transport. At present, the handbook of Cost benefit analysis (CBA) is used for quantification and monetization negative impacts of noise in Slovakia. The handbook has some deficiencies and do not take account character of noise, like a type of road surface, bar...

Intertextual cultural competence has long been considered to be of utmost importance to interpreters and translators. Within the poststructuralist framework, every text contains references, implicit or explicit, to other texts. These references are known as intertextual elements or vertical context elements. The accuracy of translation/interpretation rests entirely on the interpreter’s / translator’s ability to identify the intertextual element and its function. Thus, a study of intertextuality is of high practica...

The purpose of the article is to find out the role, symbolic meaning, and functions of the image of the Mississippi River in “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” (1876) [4] and “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (1884) [3], the two greatest works of fiction by Mark Twain; the article also aims to explore how different aspects of American culture are revealed in the two great Mark Twain’s books and how this knowledge can contribute into studying US culture. Our research is based on text analysis and interpretation of i...

It is known that cognitive anthropology tries to look at the picture of the world from the inside, through the eyes of the carrier of culture, to understand and describe the world of people of other cultures in their own terms. Most ethnologists-cognitivists are guided by the definition of culture as a system of values, scenarios of behavior, ideal models. It is assumed that each ethnic group has its own system of perception, thinking, behavior, emotions. Currently, the basic concepts of cognitive anthropology can...

The subject of the paper is cultural development on a contemporary social stage in the context of cultural and communicational exchange. The authors underline the role of mass media as one of the factors which form a new structure of the world. They make it by means of systematical, historical, comparative research methods. Also, the authors determine that every culture is unique and cultural factor dominates in communication. Communications are linked with the peculiarities of ethnic processes; this fact is evide...

This study is devoted to the description of psycholinguistic features of Chinese students, the purpose of which is the successful implementation of intercultural communication in the process of teaching them Russian as a foreign language at the pre-University stage of training. At the pre-University stage, many foreigners face problems of adaptation due to the huge difference in national consciousness, cultural traditions and rules of conduct. To help foreign students to adapt to a different language and socio-cul...

Applied ethical frameworks in the field of social theory and practice face the limits of moral philosophy, which are given by the absence of a fundamental philosophical reflec-tion of new emerging phenomena in changing current society. It is evident, that the highly organized society suffers from fragmentation and loss of coherence of various ethical theories lacking their deeper metaethic justification. The authors of the article point to a Judeo-Christian narration in which they see important metaethic bases for...

The paper focuses on some of the main tenets of the principled eclecticism approach implemented within the CELTA course – a course for adult learners who wish to receive a certificate proving that they can teach adult speakers of languages other than English. As a former CELTA trainee and a graduate of the course, the author sees her goal as threefold. First, to provide some theoretical knowledge of teaching methods within the paradigm of principled or selective eclecticism – an approach that makes use of the best...

This article deals with the problem of clustering North Russian cities on specific socio-demographic characteristics. The K-means method was chosen as the clustering algorithm. This clustering allows us to identify the specifics and important trends in the development of these settlements. The paper presents a cluster analysis of the data of Northern cities on their socio-demographic characteristics. The most informative was the division of all cities into 7 clusters. The division of countries into more clusters w...

In the era of modern scientific and information revolution, the energy warfare (armed warfare) takes on an anachronistic face, and the destruction of opponent, at first glance, takes on an invisible form, which is referred to as the term “information warfare”. This warfare involves, often against their will and often unconsciously, the entire human society, whole states and nations with circles of authority, administration, economic, cultural and scientific spheres (anthropotechnical method). Destructive informati...

At the end of the Romanic period, painting was still considered a less important art, used only to decorate certain surfaces for which there were no broader or richer methods of coverage. The ordinary painter's duty was to only color the sculptures created by other hands or to decorate the walls. In this sittuation we can tell that the most appreciated form of painting was the one made by generations of monks in their writing rooms (scritoria). That was the place where they were illustrating their manuscripts with...

The work examines the story of the Lanerossi spinning plant in Foggia, a case of a company that experienced the negative effects of the extraordinary intervention policies for the South of Italy and which, together with other industrial companies, arose in the same years and under the same auspices. a few years after its establishment, all the criteria on the basis of which the firm operated their strategic choices and the ways in which it implemented them had been questioned. The changes in public opinion and in ...

Including humanitarian subjects into a core curriculum within STEM fields (science, technology, engineering and math) is viewed as a favorable condition for students to take full advantage of a well-rounded education. Meanwhile, STEM students, often driven by narrowly specialized outcomes, feel like they are being forced to engage in non-science fields. As a result, the courses they consider to be irrelevant, commonly fade in their memory. Considering such limitations, the study examines the relevance and process ...

Starting from 2018, the tax benefits for donating legal entitiesand private persons have been reduced considerably in Latvia, and the previous research suggests that the income of the non-governmental organizations mainly consists of donations made by legal entities. This study investigates the donating legal entities of the largest charity organization in Latvia for the purpose of finding out the donors’ understanding of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and their motivation for engagement in charity, in orde...

The active perception and assimilation of a wide Western European, Eastern European and American cultural context is one of the most important developmental trends in Latvian literary process. Translations of Russian literature into Latvian are not very demanded, though they are rather significant. Yevgeny Vodolazkin (b. 1964), Doctor of Philology, expert in Old Russian culture, author of several novels, collections of essays and literary travelogues, is among the most popular and widely read writers. “Laurus” (20...

The cultural heritage of the Romanians has often been highlighted internationally, being part of the country's brand, regardless if it's about traditions, crafts or built heritage. At the same time, Romania is an important tourist destination although it is difficult to say whether the long-term development strategy will ever make tourism a national priority. However, and in the absence of an integrated strategy, the country has several strong tourist destinations, and Bucovina region is one of them, but that is r...

The study makes a case for purposely elaborated text entry arrangement criteria in THREAT-corpus. THREAT-corpus (Russian language, 10.4 m words) was built in 2018 to investigate “sociocultural challenges/threats” in fiction, non-fiction and internet news texts. Various types of sociocultural threats and challenges, spread around the Internet and literature, strongly influence modern culture and ideology. The aim of the study is to substantiate the approach to text entry arrangement in the corpus. For the purpose l...

In Romania, at this moment, the framework for the analysis on water protection is specifically debated, under the effervescent pressure of pollution caused by some natural phenomena, from the sources in industry, transport, agriculture, as well as the existence of certain forms of cross-border pollution that significantly disturbs the quality of the waters by forming and depositing new sediments harmful to the environment. In order to prevent and combat water pollution, Romania, as a member of the European Union, ...

Varna may have great potential but the city could not still attract enough conference tourists. The aim of the study is to estimate the factors influencing the attractiveness of Varna as a destination for conference tourism. The sampling group of the study comprises a total of 53 experts and specialists in the field of tourism. For the purpose of the study, a questionnaire has been designed to gather primary information about experts’ perceptions of Varna as a conference tourist destination. To assess the potentia...

The right to mobility is one of the most important rights that form the core of the European union's passenger rights policy. However, the exercise of this right is unfortunately not equally and available to all persons. The right to transportation is not always easy to exercise for people with disabilities and people with reduced mobility. Enabling free movement and accessibility of public transport is necessary for inclusion of persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility in everyday life. Availab...

The article is dedicated to a theoretical study of a person legal status, which is one of the most important entities and, at the same time, an object of environmental legal relations, which occupies a central place in the system of fundamental environmental values. The author considers the features of the of a person status in the theory of environmental law, the problems of legislative consolidation and implementation of its basic environmental rights and obligations. In particular, the scientific discussions on...

It is acknowledged that design adds value and plays a role in creating competitive advantages. European Commission recognizes that design is an activity of people-centred innovation by which desirable and usable products and services are defined and delivered. Nevertheless, there is ongoing debate over how design adds value, and what it means for users. This paper aims to decode the use, value, and impact of design on public service development and users in Latvia. In-depth interviews with executives from ten nati...

The paper studies the personality of Anna Lauermannova-Mikschova, founder of the first literary salon in the Czech lands, who was also actively involved in creating Czech feminist movement. She published her work under the name Felix Tever. Her Stastny u brehu Tibery (Happy at the Banks of the Tiber River) looks back at the happiest years of her life spent in Italy (Rome) where she found a shelter from her unlucky marriage and illness. The work of Anna Lauermannova-Mikschova (aka Felix Tever) features a wide varie...

This article analyses the aspects of the development of relationships in intercompany networks. For these purposes, the authors summarized data from various studies of Russian and foreign scientists. Also, the article summarizes the results of studying the issues of interaction efficiency both between the network participants and between partners and the network. Emphasis is placed on the ability of a central company to manage individual relationships, a portfolio of relationships, a central network and an industr...

In the 2017-18 school year, my department, the International Data Evaluation Center (IDEC), collected data on over 43,000 first grade students, from almost 3,000 schools across the United States for the Reading Recovery (RR) early literacy intervention. Managing this process is more than just making sure you have clean data. For example, every year we must keep track of all schools, districts and teachers that are participating. At the end of each school year we must run over 7,000 reports for RR stakeholders. We ...

Review of the projects experience and best practices in the development of participatory design and budgeting in St. Petersburg from 2016 up to 2019, which makes it possible to directly participate in the allocation of the city budget and improve the quality of life in the city. It analyzes various practices to involve citizens in budgeting through their participation in proposing and selecting the initiatives to be financed from the budgetary funds, and the subsequent monitoring of the project implementation. Thi...

Ephemeral or temporary architecture is neither new nor marginal phenomenon in architectural history. In contrast to permanent structures, this tendency, which was being resented during modernist era, is focusing on structures that are defining time as its essential determining state, fundamental basis and key aspect of architecture – often considering it even more important than spatial and tangible aspect of such designs. In spite the fact that temporary architecture is being built only for a brief time scope it ...

linguistic phenomenon of the English language. Studying distinctive features of structure and semantics of phrasal verbs in political discourse in relation to their polysemy appeared to be out of linguists’ scope. The research paper aims to investigate the major structural and semantic peculiarities of phrasal verbs within the context of a written political discourse, namely in the articles dedicated to the parties’ Brexit discussion in the Parliament of Great Britain. The ‘phrasal verbs’ were chosen with the help...

Historical novel is, without any exaggeration, one of the most striking literary genres, as a retrospective of the past in the imagination of the writer makes up for the lack of imagination and imagination of a professional historian. Historical novel is, without any exaggeration, one of the most striking literary genres, as a retrospective of the past in the imagination of the writer makes up for the lack of imagination and imagination of a professional historian. The genre of historical novel has gone through a ...