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Small and medium sized enterprises (SME) have an important role in developing the economies of each country in the world, no matter their domain of activity. In Romania, the number of such enterprises is significantly smaller than in other EU countries, as official Eurostat (2018) statistics prove. In this case, the Romanian authorities’ decision of supporting the creation of new SME’s through a four-year program is praiseworthy. While the main idea of such a program is to offer the beneficiaries at least a part o...

Starting from 2018, the tax benefits for donating legal entitiesand private persons have been reduced considerably in Latvia, and the previous research suggests that the income of the non-governmental organizations mainly consists of donations made by legal entities. This study investigates the donating legal entities of the largest charity organization in Latvia for the purpose of finding out the donors’ understanding of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and their motivation for engagement in charity, in orde...

The cultural heritage of the Romanians has often been highlighted internationally, being part of the country's brand, regardless if it's about traditions, crafts or built heritage. At the same time, Romania is an important tourist destination although it is difficult to say whether the long-term development strategy will ever make tourism a national priority. However, and in the absence of an integrated strategy, the country has several strong tourist destinations, and Bucovina region is one of them, but that is r...

Business externalization is a common concept in HR management and freelancing is one of the aspects of independent employment. In the past, many authors defined the area of freelancing in media, artistic and creative work, however, contemporary sources note that the area is much broader and changes rapidly. The present study aims to determine the status of freelancing in Croatia. The starting point of this research was to find out whether freelancers have the same opportunity as in other business communities, and ...

The advance in information and communication technologies as well as globalisation processes create prerequisites for a transition to knowledge economy in which human resources as knowledge carriers and an element of intellectual capital function as an engine of economic development. The aim of this article is to study the changes in the human resources in the economic sector of commerce of the Republic of Bulgaria in the situation of a transition to knowledge economy for the period 2008-2016. When examining the c...

The purposes of the article were to illustrate how scientific education can be promoted through social media for generation Z in relation with civic engagement and to exemplify the case of a Romanian association involved in this type of activity. The research methodology was based on a quantitative method and a study case. The paper showed that social media represents a useful tool to promote scientific education within specific categories of people. Also, it demonstrated that, as science is part of a complex poli...

Strategic business management has become a common management method. Yet views about the impact on business performance are inconsistent and dispersed among different business disciplines. We proceed from the premise that the benefits that enterprises can gain from a high-quality strategic business management depends mainly on institutional conditions in their home environment. Based on the research made as a part of ROSTAPO international project focused on competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises by ...

A new approach to measuring multi-user loyalty is proposed. This approach allows ensuring the development of the company in the long term. An effective development scenario is implemented on the basis of the consistent identification of the causes of mistrust on the part of potential participants in the company. Many typical offers by loyalty program developers contradict with the negative feedback from their users regarding the low effectiveness of their implemented tools. That is why a company shall have at its ...

enterprises have recently been attracting attention and participation of various stakeholders in the country. The combined efforts and engagement create an emerging multi-stakeholder ecosystem that constitutes a supportive environment for the development of social enterprise in Vietnam. Investigating the models of Vietnamese social enterprises is important to understand their nature development and shape supporting policies for further development. In this paper, four broad models of social enterprise that can be ...

The present paper aims to analyze the level of concentration of the electricity markets in Romania compared to that of the other European states. The purpose of this study is to check whether electricity markets in Romania are less competitive than in other European countries. The degree of concentration has been used both as a tool to analyze possible anticompetitive behaviors and to examine the effectiveness of competition policy as a whole in order to protect and facilitate competition throughout the economy. T...

Workplace stress is recognized as a worldwide challenge for both employees and organizations. From this point of view, approaching a research topic regarding the factors that determine the occurrence of stress within the project teams from public institutions, along the realized public projects, I think it is also of real interest for public institutions. This research aimed to determine which are the main stressors that appear within the project team, more precisely in the elaboration and implementation of public...

Industry 4.0 has recently become a very actual and interesting issue in many areas for lot of people. The questions of the creation of state economic policy for development of sectors of particular industries and the related question of their support by the state are discussed. If this area can be characterized by a pragmatic, predominantly economically oriented approach, there is a greater degree of emotion in other areas discussed. These emotional categories also include the impact of various Industry 4.0 initia...

The purpose of this study is to present business models as the success factors of social enterprise and their applicability in the outlook of new economic trends which include the perspective of transition from a linear to a circular economy. The issue of the study provided the opportunity to establish success factors of social enterprise as well business models that are used in practice. The paper uses a fragment of a wider survey conducted by the author in the period 2015- 2016 concerning the Polish model of soc...

The paper provides an extended report on a study of the evolution of management accounting in Russia, with a main phase of investigation during the period 2014-2019. It traces the development of management accounting in the country’s emerging economy during the three post-Soviet decades and investigates the specifics of management accounting in the domain of mid-sized companies – the most typical representatives of the market economy. The research is focused on the “soft” side of management accounting, stressing t...

There has been a very dynamic development of project management in recent years. One reason is continued globalization and market interconnection, another reason is the technological development and the development of new technologies. There are many challenges that project managers must encounter. Managing and leading the projects is a challenge for the project managers and it becomes difficult to meet the goals of the project, once the project changes from local to global. As companies worldwide are moving more ...

Let the linear demand function be ??0(??)=??0???0??,0??????0??0, where ??0,??0>0 and ??0(??) is the unit price with respect to the demand quantity ??.Then the revenue function is ??0(??)=??0?????0??2 where 0??????0??0 . Consider the cost function ??0(??)=??0+??0?? where 0???, ??0>0 and 0<??0<??0. Then we obtain profit function as ??0(??)=??0(??)???0(??)=??0?????0??2???0???0?? where 0??????0??0 . Yao and Lin [Yao J.-S., Lin D.-C., Optimal fuzzy profit for price in fuzzy sense, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 111, 455-464 20...

Our study presents a model of factors influencing the financial viability of Hungarian social enterprises, and tests the model on a sample of 220 Hungarian firms involved in social entrepreneurship. In the model we suggest that the most important factors for financial viability are the Regulatory environment (the transparency of regulations); the Entrepreneurial attributes of the entrepreneur (business orientation, business skills and experience, business planning tendencies); the Financial support provided by the...

The information society has enormously evolved in recent years and the changes due to progress are in a continuous dynamic. Thus, the marketing communication process has also experimented considerable changes in terms of the development of IT & C technologies, artificial intelligence, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), neuro-tools and methods but also using promotion tools that have been adapted to digital, by bringing significant changes over the buyer brain and the process marketing communication. ...

In this article we propose to analyze the pre-school level of the education in the last 3 years (2015-2018), referring to the degree of influence of the implementation of the personal development and leadership practices by the teachers in the context of diverses groups of children. The investigation methodology of the study was based on a through analysis of the scientific documents, to which quantitative methods were added (the interpretation of statistical data), but also qualitative methods such as the intervi...

The complexity of modern economic conditions in which service companies operate is determined by increasing uncertainty, rapidly changing market conditions and the external environment. In this connection, the need to ensure and develop the adaptive abilities of the company for a long period is more acutely recognized, which, in turn, determines the importance of implementing strategic changes. Service companies can implement a variety of strategic changes, develop them, and implement several strategic changes at ...

The rapidly changing economic situation in the European Union (EU), including Latvia, is reflected in the labour market. The acute problem of the Latvian labour market is an imbalance between its supply and demand: on one hand, relatively high unemployment rates, and on the other hand, job vacancies. One of the largest inactive social groups is people with disabilities. This real situation does not correlate with the tactics of promoting employment and social inclusion strategies in the EU and Latvia. The aims of ...

The global need for specific actions intended at reducing the climatic changes, the regional disparities and increasing the quality of life have led to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 main focal points acknowledged by all the United Nations Organization (UN) members as totally necessary for contributing to ensuring a global sustainable development. Even so, not all the countries have developed their own National Sustainable Development Strategy, due to different factors such as a very...

Freelancing is not a new concept at the labor market, however, as our business environment changes, it requires a quick adaptation to new conditions. A large study was conducted with the aim to find out about the status of freelancing in Croatia. This paper presents the employers’ standpoint. Although keeping employees satisfied is often in focus as one of the primary managerial tasks, the starting question of this paper is, what kind of a freelancers keep employers happy? The research method was a questionnaire w...

The article considers questions of applying the dynamic macroeconomic model of economic growth R. Solow for modeling and forecasting the dynamics of gross regional product on the example of the Volga federal district regions. The models were built at current and comparable prices, taking into account (and without taking into account) funds input delay. Multiplicative production functions were considered as a production function taking into account (and without taking into account) scientific and technical progress...

Identifying reserves for development in the manufacturing sector in Russia points to the need to not only strengthen the positions of large enterprises, but to also fully realise the potential of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In this regard, the purpose of this study was to identify typological groups in Russia’s regions that differ in the level and balance of SMEs’ development in the manufacturing sector. This study was based on data from the Russian Federal State Statistics that reflects the development o...

People employed in an enterprise are its most important resource. They have unique knowledge and skills that they bring to the company thanks to their participation in the production process. These factors combined with predispositions for work, using appropriate methods of motivation, can be a source of competitive advantage for the company. The efficiency and effectiveness of the company's operations depends mainly on the employees of the organization and employed management, as well as the atmosphere at work, r...

In this paper, the authors analyzed the prison system of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, as well as the way of achieving the idea of rehabilitation within prisons. By a case study method on selected examples of inmates of the Royal Court prison in Osijek, the authors tested the thesis that prisons could not fully implement the two ways of achieving rehabilitation. The analysis showed that rehabilitation could not be achieved in prisons by way of education. The main role in achieving rehabilitation was taken over by...

The aim of the article is to clarify the relationship between the social capital and the efficiency of the public organizations. The social capital is an important intangible asset. Whether it is properly used, it can contribute to the development of an individual, an organization or the society. The study was conducted in 15 hospitals on a group of 576 respondents. The hospitals’ efficiency was assessed in three areas: 1) The focus on the patients and their needs (ranking method), 2) The evaluation of the offered...

In modern socio-economic conditions the human factor plays a key role in any organization: effective management of human resources determines the market stability of the organization, the success of its functioning, the prospects for strategic development. The problem is urgent not only for the countries of the post-Soviet space, but also for countries with developed market economies. The authors of the article pay attention to the differences in the system of motivation in production enterprises and in the educat...

Working meetings are indispensable events in every company, where employees and business partners have the opportunity to share knowledge and information and also to make important decisions. In the informational society, at the level of multinational companies, which have more conference rooms, it is very important to have an efficient management of them. In most large companies with more meeting rooms, management of their availability is usually based on predefined schedules that can create inefficient situation...

The Enterprise Europe Network (EEN) is a collaborative instrument for developing business/ technological/ research partnerships for entities around the world especially SME’s (Small and Medium sized Enterprises). One of the key factors for business development is innovation. Innovation management can be assessed using specific methods and instruments. One of these methods is the approach developed by the ImP3ove Academy. The ImP3ove methodology is based on an on-line questionnaire which is filled out by the entity...

Personnel training and development is one of the key activities an organization should be concerned about. Providing better quality goods and services to the market, increasing productivity and, eventually, economic success of an organization – all these are only possible due to attracting and retaining the most qualified and efficient employees. Investments in human capital, in the form of personnel training and development, are essential for ensuring implementation of corporate strategic goals. The aim of this p...

The Second Sophistic played extremely important role in the history of the Byzantine education. Rhetorical education was based mainly on those textbooks on rhetoric which were created at the time of the Second Sophistic. Works by sophists were used as examples of the Attic style. The fact that the Greek educational tradition was continuous throughout centuries allows us to assume that educational techniques did not undergo essential change during so long time too. On this background the absence of the special sect...

The paper focuses on the examination of the relationship between firm size and firm growth for the companies in Slovakia during years 2009 – 2016. The aim of the article is to investigate the validity of Gibrat’s law (Law of proportionate effect), so if the firm growth is a stochastic process resulting from a lot of unobserved random variables and firm growth is independent of the firm size. For measuring company size, it was used three number of employees. This firm size indicator is most often used in studies de...

Purpose: Creativity constitutes a source of formation of internal innovation in companies executing scientific and research projects. Creativity and innovation constitute an integration of various fields and perspectives of perceiving change. The effect of synergy of team work can bring more benefits than searching for innovation outwards. The key questions made in the paper are as follows: is there a dependency between creativity and the source of formation of innovation in enterprises? What are the sources of cr...

Economic history of the Soviet period needs further study to understand the motivations and actions of the state leaders, as well as the response of the population and public institutions to the ensuing results. Soviet political economy was primarily a tool of ideology. The objective laws of economics were not considered, as reflected in the economic policy of the Soviet state. The Kosygin reform of the 1965 takes a special place among the numerous Soviet reforms. They were preceded by the period of political "tha...

The paper deals with one of the most frequently tested relationship within industrial economics literature, namely structure – performance relationship. It is based on the theoretical background of structure – conduct - performance paradigm and review of results of related empirical findings in conditions of selected industries. The analytical part of the paper in applied on the conditions of steel industry primarily focusing on Slovakia. Besides evaluation of trends in steel industry development, the paper provid...

Competent management of innovation processes in European regions is considered as the key to the development of knowledge economy. The effective use of achievements of research and development sector with regard to socio-economic development is actually a central aspect of this process. Both the efficient process of technology transfer and knowledge commercialization constitute an important attribute of the ability to create economic development based on new technologies. Hitherto gained Polish experiences point t...

The Russian-language weekly "British Ally", circulating in the USSR since 1942, informed Soviet readers about British military operations, British culture and science, and the joint struggle of the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition against Nazi Germany and its allies. In February and March 1945, it covered in detail the course and results of the three-party meetings in Crimea between Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill. The editorial articles stressed that the conference began with mili...

Informatization changes the world of the contemporary organizations. They seem more and more dependent on its information system infrastructure. On the one hand IT can increase the efficiency of the organization’s management and improve general organizational efficiency, on the other hand it can cause the problems with the security of the information flow or generate risk of key data leak. In that context, IT reliability is considered as one of the critical factor required for modern organization’s efficient and s...

The aim of this paper is to present a realistic solution for the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) despite the financial crisis via innovative management. It is believed that the first “victims” of the debt and financial crisis are the SMEs and for this reason we present the creation of a dynamic “shield” via spin off and university research. A literature review took place to investigate the issue and to prove that the change of the “usual” into innovative management in Small and Medium Enterprises gives direct ...

The paper provides empirical analysis of the relationship between country level innovation performance and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, namely inward and outward FDI. The increase in the volume of foreign direct investment flows is according to the most influential theories of FDI the important accelerator of the countries´ economic growth and innovation capabilities resulting to increase in international competitiveness. In this light, the object of our interest is to verify the existence and the streng...

Planning local economic development is essential for building, improving and restoring the economic capacity of the region, thereby creating an opportunity to improve the quality of life in the region. In the process of local economic development planning, the public, private and non-governmental sector should be collectively involved, and their joint efforts should be geared towards creating better conditions for regional economic growth, preserving existing and creating new jobs. An important place in the planni...

The article is concerned with one of the basic conditions for successful redevelopment, recovery and operation of brownfields – efficient human resources. Brownfields that want to operate and expand, to perform better than their present competitors and increase their business value have to attract, cultivate and maintain talented employees – they have to pay consideration to talent management. The article is aimed, on the basis of available theoretical information and the existing practical experience, at describi...

This paper attempts to tackle a problem that intrinsically affects archaeological sites located outside the places where they are generally found and valued: on the one hand, historical centres -where they tend to form part of musealisation projects on an urban scale- and, on the other hand, rural or natural environments -where the sites, generally of a larger scale, constitute a benchmark in themselves in terms of both protection, research and visitor reception. However, our research focuses on those archaeologic...

Human potential is well known to make the main production force in a globalised modern world. However, in order human potential to become human capital educational system is to set and achieve critically new goals. Current university students will tomorrow be working in new economic reality making managerial decisions in the continuously changing environment with subordinates not always ready to face these changes, meet and work under innovations and possibly having a different mindset. Therefore, not only a parti...

This work is devoted to the historical mythology as a new field in social & human sciences. The author examines the causes of appearance and vitality of myths both in traditional, modern and post-modern societies throw the point of situatedness. Medieval pagan studies provide a good example of mythology development. Every period in historiography has its ‘own paganism’ due to socio-cultural peculiarities of contemporaries. In practice all of investigators try to create their reconstructions of pre-Christian belief...

Pursuing certain professions in Poland is associated with certain entitlements, other than the job-specific basic pay. In the case of mining, there is a distinction between underground and surface jobs. These entitlements are referred to as privileges and are unavailable to other professional groups. These include in particular: awards, various bonuses, allowances, and other benefits in kind. They result, to some extent, from centuries-old mining tradition (miners were among the first professional groups to acquir...

One of the most important organizational resources is human resource of that organization, therefore organizations attempt to increase job satisfaction of employees. Employee job satisfaction is an attitude that people have about their jobs and the organizations in which they perform these jobs. Employee job satisfaction is generally recognized as a multifaceted construct that includes employee feelings about a variety of both intrinsic and extrinsic job elements. The result of previous research provide a broad vi...

Background/Purpose- Over recent years, in the Italian scenarios, several routes have been entered to face the lack of complementarity and interaction between public and private bodies. Although, the management dimension of public affairs fields has assumed relevant proportions in both social and economic terms, companies still struggle in considering it as a deserving capacity of their strategies, germinating the absence of a committed task. In this framework, the paper aims to define a theoretical and practical m...