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From the point of view of modern science, we do not know all the properties of light. We still have a very poor idea of light. Apparently, our understanding about the environment, including light, are still very primitive and simple. We know almost nothing about the surrounding nature, the cosmos, about other civilizations. In a scientific way - about the microcosm, the macrocosm and megacosm. In a popular way - about the middle, upper and lower worlds. Human organs of the senses do not sense the invisible ritual ...

The former socialist countries that joined the European Union have since managed to reduce the distance of wealth separating them from the richest countries of this bloc, albeit at varying degrees and pace. In the last few years, the so-called middle income trap, which may pose a threat to EU-member post-socialist countries, is attracting more and more attention. Although this concept has many definitions, their common thread is the exhaustion by states falling into such a trap of current simple development factor...

The study analyzes the functioning of the hospitality industry in the structure of working tourist routes in the regions of Russia. The range of problems that determine the quality of hotel service, which is provided to guests, located on the tourist route. The institutional conditions that affect the market of hotel services, as well as services of other means of accommodation. The study determined that the low level of service in hotels is determined by the structure of demand from tourists and tour operators wh...

Starting from the production experiences of the early twentieth century for iron fixtures, the paper deals with the technological aspects of the evolution of the section bars composing the Curtisa aluminum windows, from the simple hinged or sliding doors, up to the curtain wall façades.

Currently the number of cars in Polish cities is growing faster than the number of inhabitants. There are already 878 registered vehicles in the Polish city of Wroc?aw for 1000 inhabitants. Parking problems affect not only the city center, but also more and more its edges. There is a shortage of parking spaces on many new multi-family housing estates. The following questions arise: how does Wroc?aw's parking policy counteract this negative trend? How many parking spaces falls on one dwelling in development investm...

Since the political changes supported in December 1989, the Romanian social protection system had underwent through various stages of evolution, development and restructuring. During the same time, sets of laws, that supported the reform of the system, and minimum quality standards were set up to ensure that services were provided, indifferent of the nature of the supplier - public or private - with the same quality. However, aside from the prerequisites that need to be fulfilled by the contractor in order to be a...

Quality management and logistics processes in an enterprise should be closely related. The area of quality management and logistics processes must penetrate each other, co-exist. Their cooperation enables the company to achieve the organization's goals effectively, attract new customers and build a competitive advantage in the market. In the process of quality management in logistics, an important area is to prepare and constantly monitor the system of logistics implementation of customer service. The purpose of t...

The article studies the different aspects of the person’s integration into culture and the society. Namely there is a characteristic of the Internet society represented by some leisure groups or clubs united by the shared interests that contribute to the integration of the personality into the leisure space. There are given the pedagogical possibilities of Internet communities as a communicative-integration space of Internet. The author shares the view that the Internet communities function according to the commun...

Traditionally, the main goal in life is among concepts representing the highest level of the goals hierarchy and self-regulation. This level is closely associated with a presence of meaning in life. The assessment of goals at the highest level depends on a methodological approach. Quantitative studies reduce the assessment of the main goal to its generalized perception, while qualitative studies present a broad variability in its formulations. The aim of this exploratory study was to integrate these views of the m...

One of the fastest growing sectors, the creative economy, contributes to the growth of local, regional and national economies, both through revenue generation and job creation. The study aims to analyze the dynamic of the creative economy at the level of the territorial systems, structured by the main creativity poles in Romania. Quantification of the role of creative economies in the economic profile was achieved by creating a database, at the level of administrative-territorial unit, with the main economic indic...

The article analyzes the problem of compensatory communication in a modern communicative situation. The defining influence on the world of communication these days has been performed by the development of new social networks. For example, the Internet has greatly expanded the sphere of people's information interaction and its opportunities as a means of communication and socialization. Communication in networks can compensate some deformations in the structure of direct interpersonal communication that is subjecti...

Over the centuries, the meeting between the religious music and the secular musical inheritance took place in various ways, some visible, other hidden. This paper aims to synthesise the correspondence between the Romanian byzantine music and ‘doina’, identifying the reciprocal contaminations that came between the two genres. Both these genres represent cultural musical layers which could not be isolated, as they are interconnected by origin, vital space and destination. Although the similarities between ‘doina’ an...

In the present paper the author discuss architecture as an art and its language which is architectural drawing, the oldest and most efficient system of its representation. Although drawings such as sectional views or projections are expressed by means of unequivocal symbols that are generally understood and leave no margin for interpretation, there exists a whole sphere of more abstract notions which includes sketches as records of individual ideas that often only remain on paper but sometimes create a new reality...

The Internet has become a very important source of information for users (students, researchers, general public, etc.) and commercial enterprises. This propulsion of data is related to the diversity of information demands and the need for versatile knowledge. Access to digital data via web services is facilitated by search tools. Following a user request, the search engine has a long list of bibliographic references and web pages. The efficient selection of relevant documents is very difficult given the low accura...

Religion and religious environment are the factors that affect the development and psychological status of a person. It is important for adolescents, who are sensitive to changes in the environment. The purpose of the study is to highlight the factors shaping the religiosity of adolescents and their idea of God. The degree of religiosity of adolescents were studied using a questionnaire of Professor C.A. Lewis. Correlations were analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation. Sample was composed by 320 adolescents...

The paper presents the results of a study of pejoration as a frequency type of evaluative statements in contemporary Russian media discourse. It is stated that the language means for expressing pejorative meanings have different level characteristics: they are heterogeneous, can express a different degree or intensity of negativity, and form a semantic field of pejorativity in the Russian language. In this work, the following research methods were used: descriptive analysis, continuous sampling, contextual analysi...

The study focuses on the design of interior flower pots, which, thanks to a simple idea and suitable selection of materials, can present the contemporary possibilities. Thanks to the database of materials, a school project was developed during which students and their teachers designed interior flower pots that included a description of selected materials and other added features. Designs that met the requirements of the assignment the best were selected for presentation in this article. The individual types of in...

This study focuses on the specific features of managerial accounting used in the Czech Republic, in particular on the typical attitude of manufacturing companies towards product costing and pricing. The objective of absorption costing is to ensure that both the direct and indirect costs of production are included in the production cost. To determine the direct production costs is relatively simple as the amount of them in a product can be measured. On the other hand, the indirect costs are impossible to measure, t...

Introduction: Tobacco smoke and second-hand smoking exposure, at home or in school during childhood and adolescence, increases the risk of respiratory illness. Youth smoking is mostly associated with parents, and their smoking behavior. Also, there are other influences: social environment, targeted advertising, easy access to cigarette products, no control over age limit in purchasing cigarettes, lack of knowledge about the effects of smoking. Material and method: To evaluate the influence of the environment, soci...

Increasing disparities of development are a characteristic of the countries of Eastern Europe. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to the amplification of these phenomena, is a central topic of scientific research in the area of territorial management. The study aims to develop a new methodology to analyze the concentration trend of the poorest administrative units from Romania, the results obtained contributing to a superior understanding of a complex of determinants of polarized development. The analysis inte...

Dynamically changing contemporary world, full of new technological developments, turned out to be also a world of numerous threats for the basic means of communication that the humankind was familiar with “for millennia’’, i.e. for speech. The issues of the importance of language communication in a social worker’s profession are discusses in the article. Communication is are of the most important categories of human life being both the expression and condition of social life. With the increasing participation of a...

The article is devoted to legal aspects of the Children's Environmental Parliament ac-tivity as of a special form of extracurricular education in Ukraine. Basing on the analy-sis of legislation as well as methodological and other documentation the author analyzes and specifies legal forms of the Children's Environmental Parliament activity. Such forms determine its special place in system of extracurricular environmental and natu-ralistic education. Considering progressive achievements of the Ukrainian environment...

Research conducted so far by the influential representatives of the classical guitar’s development has left its mark in various historical periods with the help of musical works which mirror the evolution of the guitar itself, perfecting the means of musical expressivity, which creates identifiable and personalised musical languages. The blending of all the technical-dynamical nuances of the guitar includes the succession known as the ”fan” on the attacking angles, the choice on the longitudinal movement line of t...

This article is concerned with the “playful” strategy of decision-making developed by James G. March, which from his point of view is effective at all levels of human activities and can contribute to the transformation of the entire social structure of society. James G. March proposed the model of decision-making by individuals, organizations, social and cultural systems, which was based on the rejection of reasonable arguments in favor of sensible foolishness. The author demonstrates that the ideas of James G. Ma...

The goals of study were to explore how signs of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) correlate with resilience, anxiety, depression and unemployment duration; to explore the difference between resilience, anxiety and depression for unemployed with or without signs of the ASD; to investigate whether resilience by controlling demographic characteristics explain unemployment. In this study were 211 participants in ages ranging from 20 to 59 years old, who are unemployed and not in full time education. The following met...

The article brings findings on using psychoactive substances by Slovakian children and youth. The aim of this research was to analyze the trends of abuse of psychoactive substances. Research sample consisted of 2 407 pupils aged 12 to 16 years from two big cities in Slovakia. Data were collected by questionnaire ISRD 3 which was developed within the project International Self-Reported Delinquency. Research findings show the preference for the quantity and blending of alcoholic beverages in one go. This is a way to...

The article considers the history of the development of the leading university of the Ural region in the context of modernization of the country's higher education. One of the most important tasks facing the Russian state was the development of higher education and, above all, engineering. The authors, using the example of the largest regional university in Russia, traced the main stages of its creation, development and modernization in accordance with socio-economic realities in the twentieth and early twenty-fir...

The article is devoted to the issues of official results of intellectual activity in the Russian Federation and its connection with labor law. In general, results of intellectual activity are regulated by the civil law; however, in case of service work, service invention, service utility model, service industrial design, service selection invention, and service topology created by the employee in the framework of its labor functions, certain issues are also regulated by the labor law. For instance, the remuneratio...

Spatial orientation and separate movement is one of the most affected areas in individuals with severe visual impairment. We would like to introduce the development of independent movement and spatial orientation within the Czech Republic as well as the possibility of facilitating the integration of the individual into society through modern aids - maps, orientation elements, etc. In the paper we present both theoretical and empirical studies, which are currently solved in our locality. Both will be linked on the ...

Intergenerational learning is based on the interaction between participants belonging to different generations and mutually beneficial learning while learning goals are stated for respective generations. Intergenerational learning in families living in socially and economically disadvantaged environments emerges as an opportunity for adult learning in a life-long learning prospect. The paper presents the results of a qualitative research exploring how intergenerational learning develops personal attributes in adul...

The conditioning offered by analysis models is exclusively cultural, creating the way in which we approach the score. The analysis projects over the object score automated study operations, not seeking to extract its contents, but rather to function itself (to demonstrate the nature of ‘what is’). Often, the substance of the score may cause situations through which the ‘philosophy of analysis’ cannot grasp the subject of the music involved. The flow of the sound’s movement is expected to be understood by reading i...

Approximately from the beginning of the 21st Century China has changed its approach towards UN peacekeeping missions, and has become more active, especially in Africa. This process has been accompanied by sharp rise of Sino-African trade. These two parallel processes created the need or better to say a suitable environment for establishment of the first permanent Chinese military base on African soil. The need for this base has been further increased by Chinese experience from operation of evacuation of Chinese ci...

1) Background: Inclusive education in the Czech Republic has been officially in practice since September 2016, when the new School Act was approved. Available Czech literature associated with this topic usually focuses on legislative support, qualification of educators, opinions of teachers or parents, but the pupils themselves rarely become a subject of qualitative research. The aim of this literature review is to analyse foreign sources to find important research materials gained in environments with longer trad...

This article is devoted to the actual problem of forming a system of independent evaluation and self-assessment of basic and professional competences in mathematics (with the mastery of programs of secondary general education and vocational education) on the basis of fuzzy modeling in the digital economy. The methodological basis for solving this problem was a synergetic approach. In the context of improving the methods of pedagogical diagnostics, this approach determines the interrelation between the diagnostic a...

This paper unfolds the process of the development and testing of a questionnaire designed to investigate the communication styles in couple relationships. An extensive literature review was conducted previously to questionnaire design. The tool comprises 32 items rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from total agree to total disagree. The items are grouped in 4 scales corresponding to four communication styles: assertive, manipulative, aggressive and passive. 8 items load on each scale. The first version of ...

The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of the initial orientation of startup businesses in the market and the problems that they face in the enfant industry phase. Thereof the paper aims to identify challenges and obstacles they face in this phase specifically in the transition country markets. There are many challenges including political, economic, social, cultural, legal, environmental, cultural and technological factors affecting the success or failure of businesses in initial stage. The paper ...

The relevance of the research. The fourth decade of the educational system of Russia undergoes continuous changes at various levels: from the preschool education to the highest one. Respectively, the process of teaching pupils a foreign language including linguistically gifted ones is modernized. There are new state educational standards, which assume to strengthen the role of practical training school students for foreign-language activity considerably. In this regard there is a relevant search of the balance bet...

A high priority task nowadays is to improve the quality and effectiveness of education. Systematic education on, consequent acquisition of and active identification with the philosophy of reducing waste production plays a crucial role as early as primary and lower secondary levels of education. One of the specific objectives of the project is to emphasize the interdisciplinary nature and the deep interconnection of sciences integrated into traditional school subjects. This paper aims to give information about the ...

In our paper we have examined in what way Czech elementary schools implement dialogic communication in teaching. The basis for our research was the finding that teaching is no longer dominated by frontal methods, but that dialogic form of teaching is increasingly growing in significance. Therefore, we have not observed the teaching dialogue from a quantitative viewpoint but we have focused on its quality. In particular we have been trying to discover whether the cognitive potential of dialogue is utilized, which e...

The paper dwells on the phenomenon of mass sport in the context of the social history of the Soviet society of the 1920s and 1930s. The sport is a subject of historical reflection attracting more and more attention. The paper analyzes the development of healthy lifestyles, physical culture and sports as a subject of scientific study. The study of the mechanisms of recruitment of participants of sports clubs, teams and societies, the formation of leisure sports practices is the field of the "new" social history of ...

Background: Managers are looking for methods and tools that will allow their enterprises to function safely and be competitive in the market and develop systematically . The simplest solution applied mainly in the commercial sector is functioning in a group purchasing organization. Such groups are mainly associated with joint purchases and the use of economies of scale. However, within the group purchasing organization of an enterprise, in addition to common purchasing power, they are able to use various types of ...

The article is devoted to the study of the creative potential of the Russian word-formation system. The aim of the research is to determine the functional and pragmatic significance of the word-forming resources of the Russian language by studying word-building neonominations as expressive signs, which are vivid expressive means in advertising texts. The object of this study is word-building occasionalisms as a reflection of creative word-making activity in the communicative space of advertising. The material of t...

This paper aims to deepen the relationship between testimony and historical reconstruction putting particular attention around the process of historisation of memory. Testimony supposedly has preeminence among sources of historical knowledge in that it eliminates distance from the past, actualising it and somehow offering the possibility to ‘re-experience’ it through the narrative medium (oral or written). Beyond the specific, onto-logical and epistemological problematic gap between the lapsed past and its represe...

The paper reports the results of an exploratory research aiming to investigate to what extent teachers and students in secondary education use Facebook to interact. Two related samples were selected based on availability and convenience criteria. Thus, 178 teachers and 136 students participated in the research study and completed a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised three parts: the first included socio-demographic items; the second consisted in the multidimensional Facebook intensity sca...

The article substantiates the relevance of socio-pedagogical work with internally displaced persons in the context of the current socio-political situation in the state. Different approaches to the definition of socio-pedagogical work are considered. Pedagogical, psychological, and sociological literature on the identified problem is analyzed. The essence of the concepts of "internally displaced persons," "socio-pedagogical support for internally displaced persons" is revealed. Based on the analysis of the statist...

The changes in the socio-economic system of the Russian Federation and its regions have brought us to focus on the dynamics of these changes through the selection of main indicators characterizing socio-economic crisis, latent processes and choice of ways out of the crisis. We consider the current state of the system taking into account external trends. Using traditional statistical indicators for this purpose is not always justified. Negative trends that accompany the development of economically advanced countrie...

In the 1950s, Alison and Peter Smithson, somewhat unfortunately used the term brutalism to name an emerging trend. In English, the element of brutality of this term turned out to be very strong, creating negative thinking about architecture made of raw concrete. However brutalism is not only the rawness of the material, it is also an expressive architectural form, and this rawness emphasizes this expressiveness. Brutalist architecture is often sculptural, but above all it is massive, dominating over its surroundin...

Sociology as a scientific discipline includes the sociology of war. In recent years, wars have not become a thing of the past, but, on the contrary, military conflicts are taking place even more often, affecting the everyday life of modern society on the global and local levels. This article focuses on the issue of war as a social process by examining the works of Nikolai Golovin and Pitirim Sorokin and other scholars who have contributed to the development of the sociology of war. They set key trends in establish...

Rural depopulation and shrinking are common processes for Latvia during last few decades that call for different ways of revitalizing of rural territories and communities. As the authors of the paper have discovered, better results for economic and social revitalizing of rural territories are reached when all involved social agents (local municipalities, NGOs, entrepreneurs, museums, religious organizations etc.) are linked in a horizontal network and have found ways for mutual cooperation. At the same time, Latvi...

Nowadays it is essential to bring up the country’s patriots since the early childhood. The love for the country begins with the feeling of affection for the family, the house, the street, and the city. Once for all, literary works of the native land, mother's lullaby, grandmother's stories, and kindergarten poems leave the memorable imprint on the child’s soul and introduce the child to the world of national spirit. Everything that was absorbed by children's mind gets a response from the adult in the relation to t...