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The aim of the work is to evaluate the economic advantages of the application of the most frequently used energy sources for the purpose of heating administrative and office buildings in the conditions of the Czech Republic. Data for comparison are obtained from national statistics of projects and data obtained from suppliers providing energy for selected types of heating. The comparison deals with the assessment of the operating costs of administrative buildings using electric heating, central heat supply and a c...

This paper presents selected examples of interconfessional conversions of Christian temples in last fifty years in Poland. It also shows the process of transformation of spatial and functional structures as well as iconography of the temples, implemented throughout adaptation. It covers problems in architectural conservation as well as essential ideological aspects of symbolical and liturgical nature. Those examples are representative for the architecture of cultural borderland, which attempts to synthesize both W...

The study is devoted to the specific area of industrial design, design of public passenger transport stops (bus stop, tram stop, trolleybus stop). The main objective is to model relations between general features of the stops, environmental restrictions of places where the stops are situated and characteristics of people with their physical and psychological characteristics. The above-mentioned characteristics affect both sub-parameters and layout plan of the entire unit. The study has conveyed systematic research...

This paper presents the issue of adaptation of the existing railway facilities to the new needs and their potential and significance for the local communities in small towns. Presented examples of adaptation indicate the possible functional solutions and methods of investment implementation. The examples of modernization and adaptation carried out include station buildings in rural areas and small towns. Based on these examples, an attempt was made to create a model way of program planning and functional layout as...

The nature of the technology in which the basic executive component is the precasted element, may suggest that the majority of façades made of prefabricated concrete elements will feature rhythmic, repetitive compositions, and regular divisions. The oldest known examples of architecture reveal the pursuit for order. Even those architectural objects, which for obvious reasons, try to imitate nature, contain elements of regular arrangement. This is noticeable especially in cult buildings or ones with a representativ...

Under the circumstances of restructuring and modernizing public finances in Romania, which is subordinated to the requirements of market economy development, the Court of Accounts functions as a financial control institution, independent of the legislative and executive powers.It is the institution empowered to check, in the last resort and in the most demanding manner, the management accounts drawn up in the execution of the state year budget, either to give discharge or to attract the legal responsibility of tho...

Development of cultural landscape is a continuous long lasting process combining both natural conditions and human society activities. Whilst formation of natural environment was a result of processes in remote geological eras, stabilisation of cultural, social and production relationships that has shaped the face of cultural landscape happened in last few centuries. The paper is focused on a long-term development of the selected Slovak cultural landscape types (plains, basins, uplands, highlands, and mountains) i...

The lighthouse, an architecture landmark of the coasts around the world has been the subject of study, especially it focused on the drafting the restoration project of the Punta of Guardia lighthouse on the Ponza island, Italy. Ponza is an island which gives its name to the archipelago of the Pontine islands, located off the Lazio coast. The lighthouse in question is one of the most important signaling systems of medium-high Tyrrhenian, built on a sea stack 112 meters above sea level, at the end of 1800. As almost...

Application of molds for creation of glass castings is a common occurrence in work of glass artist. One of the main aims of mold’s using is to create new patterns on a surface of glass sample. Generally, clay flower pots with a hole in bottom are used as glass molds where glass of different color is put. As the result, very interesting but absolutely unpredictable pattern, which would never be replicated, appears on a surface of a sample. So, the problem how to create the pattern, which can be replicated, appeared...

At the end of XX - beginning of XXI century in the conditions of Azerbaijan’s transition from a planned economy to a market-oriented one the chaotic development of residential areas in Baku has intensified due to the insufficient control in urban planning. It was accompanied by destruction of numerous architectural monuments, increase in building density, a severe reduction of public spaces and green zones. To prevent these negative trends in urban development of Baku the State program "The new principles of urban...

In this study we explore the effect of the form of space on people. We approach the problem from the concept of enclosure, and its measurement. We made enclosure measurable. Several studies have described that to enclosure, spatially different surfaces and their distances from the subject are relevant. To make measurable this effect, we developed a new index called architectural space density. This is an integral along the perceived surface, what is (mathematically) reached for a subject with the average of the su...

Architecture is often criticized for providing a self-referential and autistic result [1], prevailingly focusing on formal and aesthetic criteria, failing therefore in offering a valid spatial response to its end-users. The dwelling is directly affected by this deficiency, suffering from a detachment of dweller’s real and authentic needs. Interceding between resident and residence, the architect is subjectively influencing this relationship. Developing empathic abilities inside the profession must begin with archi...

At present, in the energy sector, the development and introduction of clean, safe, affordable energy-efficient technologies requires significant efforts and long time even for small scale projects. Sustainable and efficient use of energy requires increasing the share of renewable energy sources, use of clean generation technologies. Most countries face the following energy problems: the use of environmentally harmful energy sources that pollute the atmosphere, periodic interruptions in the electricity supply, heat...

Commercial suburbanization belongs to one of the most dynamic processes affecting development of cities as well as its population. Nitra, similarly to other cities in Slovakia, has faced remarkable boom of commercial suburbanization in recent years. New retail stores, logistic centres, industrial halls and further tertiary facilities establish their premises on the city’s suburbs. Currently, the process of commercial suburbanization in Nitra has several forms. The aim of this paper is to evaluate forms of commerci...

Creating ecological parks - a new trend in landscaping and environmental activities in Kazan. Social and environmental prerequisites for the creation of ecological parks was a long struggle of environmental organizations and residents to preserve small reservoirs in the city. Mainly in the design of the Protected area (Eco-park) is to create an ecological location in the city, while maintaining high biodiversity areas, which will carry the aesthetic function and be a place of rest of the townspeople. When the proj...

The paper deals with the policy and support of the creative industry in the Zilina Region. In the Zilina Region, the major part of the creative industry is represented by the advertising industry. The main aim of the paper is to identify the aspects of the support in the advertising industry in the Zilina Region. To achieve the aim of the paper, the primary research consisting of personal, telephone, and e-mail questioning was carried out. The survey was aimed at the advertising agencies operating in the Zilina Re...

The research presented in this article is part of a PhD project, whose objective was to identify a set of characteristics to be implemented while creating an inclusive indoor children's play space. This article aims to create an interview guide directed at children, inquiring their preferences regarding the possible characteristics of a play space for them. In order to do that it was necessary to first understand the main existing characteristics of children's play spaces, in order to verify those thare are transv...

The image, which emerged in the last century, showing the transformation of concrete from a material of purely utilitarian (structural) properties into a kind of ideological matter with expressive aesthetic identity, allows one to perceive this building material as a refined one, which is used in the construction of a number of prestigious buildings, significant for today’s architectural art. The construction of structures with the use of fair-faced concrete is a complex process involving a large number of people ...

The International Exhibition is often identified with a chance for development for the applicant's city areas. Nevertheless, as the experiences of the host cities show, the sustainable use of change potential is extremely difficult. Therefore, already in the creation process of the exhibition theme, it is important for the exhibition to become an element influencing the evolution of the area and not the final stage of its development. The choice of revitalisation as the theme of the International Exhibition EXPO 2...

This paper refers to the implementation of urban principles and the principles of sustainable development into the established policies of Czech Republic development, as significant tools of territorial planning as such. Urban policy represents a conceptual and purposeful activity of a public authority focused on the development of cities. In this case, it involves a biocentric agglomeration, whose centres are the regional cities of Hradec Králové and Pardubice. The main goals of urban policy are based on the iden...

The interior acoustics has nowadays strong impact at the architectural design of public use buildings. Among them, churches seem to be especially important, due to their religious, spiritual and cultural role in the society and overall importance in life of individuals. Moreover, in a present-day religious communication and celebration ‘the statement’, thus speech, seems to weigh over the chant and organ pipe music. Such approach has substantial influence on contemporary design of churches, introducing significant...

The article focuses on analysis of the innovation environment of regions in Central Europe, using the example of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Our own research is based on data of NUTS II and the construction of an aggregate indicator, which maps key economic, labour market and innovative indicators relevant for describing the innovative potential of the regions. The main sources of data were Eurostat and national statistics offices in selected countries. Metropolitan regions have a higher inno...

This paper deals with the nature of understanding the term green customer in automotive industry. There has been confusion between purported meanings of this term by different groups of people. The green customer shall be defined on the basis of his motivation that ultimately drives his purchasing behaviour. However, this term is often misinterpreted. The definitions of different groups of people are developed in this paper. Logical implications together with empirical validation are applied to test their validity...

Space truss systems are formed by steel bars which are under axial tension or compression loads connected each other with nodes. These systems provide constructing wide span structures by light structural elements and also make buildings more powerful and useful. Space truss system elements must be dimensioned due to the loads they carry as dead, live, wind and earthquake loads. In this paper; fatigue damage of a steel space truss system is studied under snow and thermal loads. Results are compared to four space t...

The aim of this paper is to outline the issue of grasping sustainable development in practice. The institutional system applies this term with pertinent sonority, which entices the general public. Where did the term sustainable development actually come from and what does its application involve with respect to land planning or planning the development of the agglomeration itself, and how can the individual institutions and the public get involved? To answer these questions, one must know the basic principles of s...

The architecture of the long 19th century has long been a neglected subject-matter, international cooperation and research in the Central European cultural and historical space have focused almost exclusively on presentation of the most outstanding European works and their creators without adequate reflection in individual regions. The territory of Slovakia, in the context of a long century forming part of the Habsburg monarchy or the Austro-Hungarian Empire, however, is a territory with remarkable architectural w...

The fight against poverty and social exclusion to a large degree refers to housing exclusion connecting with the lack of access to decent and affordable rental housing for vulnerable or low-income households. Last transformations of housing systems in many countries have lead a further increase in social polarization and segregation. Hence, the importance of social housing for social cohesion has been acknowledged in key international and European laws and policy statements. The paper presents the role of municipa...

In many countries housing systems are in transition towards privatization, deregulation and decentralization of public tasks. These transformations in institutional and economic context have led to a more market-oriented social housing management. Public housing system in Poland is based on a local government-dominated social rented sector in which the social landlords' functions are in the vast majority filled directly with municipalities. These entities integrate the functions of local authorities with the role ...

The goal of the research is to reconstruct and recreate the elements of interior and exterior of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1839–1864) designed by Alexander Vitberg (1787–1855). This cathedral was built in Vyatka (Russia, Kirov region) to commemorate the visit of the Emperor Alexander I to the city in October, 1824. The cathedral was blown up in 1937 in the times of atheism. The study is of a great significance as this major cathedral is part of both local and national cultural heritage. Research methods incl...

The transport infrastructure, mainly then its range and quality, is very important pro the economic development of the national economy. However its extension, operation and maintenance are connected with the important need of financial resources, which are in all cases limited. From this reason it is very important to respect not only national priorities in the area of the development of the transport infrastructure, but also expected net benefit of particular projects for the whole society. The main purpose of t...

The main aim of the paper is to analyze the possibility of introducing the idea of combining functions hitherto treated as conflicting in architectural and urban programming, i.e. office and agricultural functions. The combination of this type is, according to canons of urban design, an antithesis of the possibility of creating usable spaces. In recent times, however, the departure from intentional functional segregation has become a global trend, which of the extreme case is nowadays the idea of creating self-suf...

The research work has the main purpose to build an assessment tool of ecosystem services of urban projects, capable of interfacing with project’s Building Information Model (BIM), and able to define spatial relationships with the main components of the territory. The architect and urban designer should take account of multiple objectives in a changing environment and the balance between the built and the green infrastructure. Adopting an easy to use computational tool, the assessment starts at the early stage of t...

The deepening fragmentation of urban landscapes related to chaotic development processes increases interest in the concept of green infrastructure, especially in shaping the river corridors. Usually they are perceived in the context of basic ecosystem services. Nevertheless, in many cities well-known and less known attempts are made to use the river as a path of a peculiar journey in time, showing the history of place and local community. Against the background of such excellent examples like London Arcadia the au...

The security of citizens and their property is becoming an increasingly complex process. One of the reasons is the fact that the number of negative influences on security increases. It is necessary to know the current state and development of the security to improve its level in the future. Security is generally affected by crime and but also by other various antisocial activities. These antisocial activities do not have to be classified as criminal offenses but can be classified as offenses. The paper highlights ...

The paper deals with an analysis of the types of housing and the related problems with the existence of different views of housing. The need for housing is undoubtedly a basic human need. Satisfaction of housing needs is a developed lifelong and continuous process of housing itself and its related activities. The main importance of living is that the activities associated with it allow the realization of these other human needs. This need cannot be confused with the mere need of having a dwelling. The dwelling is ...

This article concerns specifics of designing associational cultural landscapes. It demonstrates that, taking the object’s specifics into account, a special cognitive layer that determines the switch of a visitor’s motivation must be introduced in the laying-out process. It demonstrates that the switch of a visitor’s motivation can be controlled. Using the self-reflexing subject model suggested by Vladimir Lefebvre, the motivation control efficiency is evaluated for the first time. The article demonstrates that the...

Landscape stability cannot be absolute because no living system in the landscape can be totally unchanged. Partial changes inside the landscape and changes in the whole landscape are directly related to the type of stability in a particular landscape component and to the spatial structure of the landscape. Stable patches represent areas that are identically used during the whole studied period. The aim of the paper is to analyze land use changes and landscape stability in a small catchment of Radiša watercourse (W...

The current work takes the issue of views of theoreticians and visionaries of art and architecture relating to the category of the monumentality and monumental architecture, in which what is monumental reflects. These categories have always been specific phenomenon being particularly difficult to be analyzed. But when undertaken, historically and culturally specific episteme has been reflected in such analysis. Retrospection of different views presented in the work and formulated, inter alia, immediately after Wor...

This paper is the materialisation of the work of a team who participated in the „Design & Business workshop - innovative Romanian products. Creative Industries, Creative Communities, Creative Cities”, which took place in 2015 in Arad, Romania at Aurel Vlaicu University - Faculty of Design. The team consisting of four students was coordinated by PhD. Prof. Ionescu Claudiu Emil and Ass. Arch. T?m??an Maria. Arad County, Romania is located in the DKMT cross-border area. In spite of this favourable geographical positi...

Runaway increase of prices for combustive-lubricating materials, mineral fertilizers, agricultural machines, intensification of competition between commodity producers of livestock products require new approaches in the issues of forage production at low cost, including the productivity of hayfields and pastures subject to variability of habitat of plants inside fields. In this regard, article discusses promising areas of application of GIS technologies in agriculture, which allows to solve topical issues of agric...

Over the years of socialism in Poland, golf was considered a game of aristocrats, therefore, after World War II to the nineties, not one golf course arose in Poland. The game itself was forgotten for years. Fortunately, this trend is reversed, golf is gaining more and more followers, a lot of new golf courses were opened. Golf is a sport maybe not massive, but popular. The return of golf to the Olympic Games in Brazil in 2016 for sure helps the return of golf to Poland. Although the Polish designers and investors ...

In the modern world, cities play an important role. In the case of non-competitiveness of the city, the welfare of the population, the conditions for doing business, reducing employment, etc., deteriorates, so the notion of "city competitiveness" comes close to the notion of "sustainable development". In many cities, spatial development begins to experience an increasing imbalance between the demands of the population and business entities, on the one hand, and the opportunities for meeting them by building new an...

The paper illustrates the role played by historic workers’ housing estates in the process of development of towns and cities of the Upper Silesian Agglomeration (Poland) and their current situation, as the most endangered element of the identity of the cultural landscape of this region. The paper provides the typology of spatial solutions of the housing estates, prepared on the basis of in situ studies. It demonstrates their distinctness from post-war block development of Upper Silesian landscape. The Upper Silesi...

The article presents the results of interdisciplinary exploratory research aimed to develop the methodological approach to the typology of contemporary urbanization processes for natural resource regions of Siberia. Youth's perception of urban space safety factors as a specific condition determining the urbanization of territories of the Siberian natural resource regions is taken into account. An example of Krasnoyarsk region is studied. The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Gover...

As electric vehicles market in Europe grows, the requirements for higher density of charging infrastructure are increasing. The purpose of this study is to present a method how the existing supply of charging service can be measured. This is demonstrated on the current situation in the Czech Republic. The paper follows on the background of previously published studies dealing with charging infrastructure optimization models. Geographical datasets of various types are processed and merged. Crucial factors of the pr...

Atomic design is a methodology for crafting effective design systems that usually applied to website’s design and development. It provides a structured approach that gives a flexibility to the design system but retains its recognizability. Controllable randomness is an approach that bounds randomness (randomly generated values) by the set of rules developed by the designer. It also gives flexibility and retains recognizability as the atomic design approach does but makes it in a different way. This paper discusses...

Ever increasing demands on the complexity of modern buildings considerably increase the pressure to improve efficiency in terms of time and quality. In spite of its importance, there has not been sufficient emphasis placed on the project management research yet, but only on project management in general. An effective method for project management is to ensure the planned management of the whole process. All requirements of the project shall be pre-processed, as planned in terms of design and realization. Therefore...

The aim of this paper is to highlight the most important historical monuments, civil or religious, now present especially in the Romanian towns Constan?a and Mangalia, who originated from the Ancient Greek colonies. Today, both cities host various types of monuments - Royal Palaces, Christian churches, Muslim mosques, Jewish synagogues, the famous Romanian Casino from Constan?a, Greek/Roman/Byzantine remains of walls, roads, buildings, civil and religious ones from late XIX century. Due to lack of the will of the ...

Collaborative work in teaching/learning promotes synergy and nurtures moments when diverse points of view come together. The user-centred design workshop from the Industrial Design program at the Universidad del Bío-Bío worked collaboratively with the Association of Artisans and the group “Comercio Justo Manos” in order to contribute to the production and/or design of new products. During the first phase of the workshop, students explored the theoretical scope and limits of the category “artisan craftwork” and per...

Currently slope protection is a serious and important issue, but one which is very often overlooked in urban public spaces especially in Poland. Although the site selected for this case study, Warsaw slope, is protected by the Warsaw Provincial Heritage Monuments Protection Office (Polish: Sto?eczny Konserwator Ochrony Zabytków), there is no consensus as to its revitalization via the use of stabilization projects. Additionally, Warsaw slope is being progressively and continuously destroyed by erosion and the poor ...