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THE NEW PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT CONTROL IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS: THE CASE STUDY OF BAKU-CITY
Abstract
At the end of XX - beginning of XXI century in the conditions of Azerbaijans transition from a planned economy to a market-oriented one the chaotic development of residential areas in Baku has intensified due to the insufficient control in urban planning. It was accompanied by destruction of numerous architectural monuments, increase in building density, a severe reduction of public spaces and green zones. To prevent these negative trends in urban development of Baku the State program "The new principles of urban development control in residential areas of Baku and their application in design process" was adopted in Azerbaijan. The main objectives of the program are: to study the dynamics of contemporary transformation processes of housing in Baku, to identify the ways of effective urban development control in residential areas on the basis of a comprehensive analysis, to develop the new principles of urban development control in residential areas of Baku and their application in design process. The authors collected and reviewed of available literature/data/information on urban environment components in the study area for these purposes. The collected data were systematized and processed for further modeling. To improve the living environment in residential districts a typological zoning of the investigated territory according to climatic, geo-ecological and demographic features is conducted. For this purpose a mathematical method of cluster analysis is used. As a result the new principles and strategies to improve the planning structure and socially enrich urban environment is developed for each typological unit. In accordance with this, its necessary to make changes in methodology of residential areas design, where the considering simultaneously many factors is required. The method allows to determine an optimal strategy of development control in residential areas according to a comprehensive analysis of great number of features. The new principles will be applied in design process of separate residential districts of Baku and other cities of Azerbaijan and also for the improvement of the current National Urban Design Regulations.
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