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This study aims to reveal the findings about the validity and reliability of the psychological empowerment scale (PES) developed by [1]. Research data has been collected by applying survey to the health institution professionals. Of the total 12 items in the scale, 3 were excluded from the analysis due to their low factor loadings. Factor analysis results of the remaining 9 items were collected under 2 dimensions. In the confirmatory factor analysis, model test values (p <.05); x2 (88.117), x2 / df (3.421), confir...

The study was aimed at describing the value system of sexual workers in private sex business. The study used the quantitative research strategy and the technique of standardized VALS (Values and Lifestyle) questionnaire. Additionally to the questionnaires, the respondents were also subject to biographical-narrative interviews dealing with the motivation for work in sex business, risk behaviour and other topics. The research set consisted of women working in private sex business (N=37) and advertising their service...

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the effectiveness of electronic educational resources for classes in Russian as a foreign language for medical students. The article analyzes various electronic educational Internet resources, which are used in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The effectiveness of electronic educational resources in teaching Russian as a foreign language to medical students was determined by an experiment conducted in two groups of students of the fourth year of the seventh seme...

Balkan architecture, as a synthesis between Orient and Occident, has offered modern architecture many possibilities for continuity and particularization. These features, interpreted and exploited by Henriette Delavrancea-Gibory, Romanian architect from the modern period, can be found within the architectural works on the shore of the Black Sea. The villas from Balchik, integrated to a specific landscape and in harmony with the spirit of the place, continue and reinterpret the local traditions of the vernacular arc...

Construction of various types of buildings and engineering structures invariably interferes, although to different degrees, with the surrounding environment. Every development project is executed in a strictly delineated area and under specific conditions. While planning a construction project, the investor is obligated to analyze several variants of its execution, including an assessment of different effects it may have on the environment. The investor can evaluate the impact on the surrounding ecosystems, in its...

This article is devoted to the empirical confirmation or refutation of an intuitively obvious assumption that more frequent words retain the inflectional type well, while less frequent words tend to change under the influence of analogy. This situation was confirmed in similar works during the study of verb unification process with an irregular declension in English and German: it was proved that the more frequent an irregular verb is, the more time it takes for it to transform into a regular one. However, the Rus...

In history of architecture and urban planning, there are examples of theoretical projects that had much higher impact on history of building construction art than actual buildings realized by authors of such theoretical projects. During 10th Architecture Biennale in Venice, in 2006, Italian architects presented an original concept of city VEMA, located near Verona and Mantua, positioned on a cross axis along Lisbon–Kiev and Berlin–Palermo line. The model of the ideal city that has crystalized in theoretical ar...

One of the basic theoretical postulates for the protection of monuments is to preserve them in the place of their creation. However, such action is not always possible to implement. The great historical processes of the 20th century led to significant national, political, religious and cultural changes in the border areas between Poland and Ukraine. As a result of those changes, a large number of wooden churches have lost their users. These buildings indicate the development of the skills of using wood as the basi...

Stalking is becoming a substantial social pathology in contemporary times. Nowadays, stalking adopted a form of cyberstalking, which means harassment or intimidation using contemporary communication channels, such as sending a large number of e-mails to the person who does not want it. There have been numerous publications in the scientific literature that described stalking, emphasizing its sociological, psychological and legal effects. These studies have revealed e.g. the causes of stalking or characterized stal...

The cult of the Virgin Mary as the patroness of the Livonian Order played an important role in the history of medieval Livonia. Through the use of different subjects and symbols associated with the Holy Mother, the Order unambiguously declared its claims for the leadership in the region. However, the peculiarities of her worship in the OrderВ’s domain and among its authorities differed greatly. This research is trying to the find those differences. In the work were complexly used general scientific and special his...

This paper focuses on the virological epistemology principles that form the basis for viral idea translation in terms of the world of knowledge (“Third World”, as defined by Karl Popper). Within this framework, five principles can be identified, specifically, dependence on the knowledge holder, infecting, spreading, networking and self-organization. For the evolutionary epistemology, with the modern evolutionary synthesis being its metaphorical resource, such transfer is quite traditional. Two constituents of ...

In the sixteenth century, after the austerity of the medieval atmosphere,and the perfect harmony of the Renaissance forms, the rich and cultured commission of the European courts began to turn towards new architectural and expressive solutions. These new expressions, had a substantial purpose: to amaze, to distance themselves from such elegant perfection as if one wanted to declare a certain "boredom" towards the now consolidated splendor. Today, in the yacht design world we are witnessing what we could call a for...

Visual space and music seem to be the components of the real space, which are separated, and donВ’t come together but interaction of the rules of vision and sound can bring interesting research effects. I am convinced that the basis of visual arts can be adopted on the ground of music and deepen our knowledge about music of that time. In fact, visual and architectural space is around the composer and the listener. Moreover, it is experienced during musical performance and has a great impact on it. Areas of vision ...

Persons with severe visual impairment are trained by a large number of professionals, from doctors, special educators, social workers to lawyers or finance specialists. In the framework of our contribution, we would like to present a comprehensive overview of the complex services provided to individuals with severe visual impairment within the Czech Republic and then focus on visual therapists as professionals from the field of visual therapy. Visual therapy in the Czech Republic is relatively new field, where the...

This paper describes the photographic heritage of Diane Arbus in the context of visual overcoming and transformation of the norm. Interest in what most people would call outcasts, misfits and freaks as an accepted theme of the underground culture finds a new semiotic interpretation in the artistВ’s work. Inspired by Tod Browning's cult horror movie Freaks (1932), which featured an array of marginalized physical disabilities, Arbus creates her own freaks gallery (A Jewish giant at home with his parents in the Bronx...

The objective of this paper is to present complementary schooling in Cz?stochowa in the years since 1918 until 1939. The submitted text presents the difficult situation of schooling for males and females in the interwar period, among others, in the aspect of legal status, financial situation and finding premises. The authoress used the method of historical research constituted by the analysis of documents. In the course of research, it was established that, until the year 1937, there had been no legal regulations ...

The article focuses on voice and manners (manner of speaking and behavior) as social indices implicitly attributing social standing to a speaker/character. Modern British and American literature allows us to draw parallels between two cultures in the way the upper-class characters are depicted in novels and through the prism of voice and manners descriptions come to the conclusion that there is one shared code of prosodic and behavioral signs unambiguously indicating a characterВ’s belongingness to the upper class...

The article presents the main results of the development of a range of proposals for the development of volunteering in tourism in Russia, provided that typical risks and threats caused by this phenomenon are reduced. Volunteering in tourism is a rather complicated topic. It includes many ethical, organizational, legal, economic and other aspects. There are two main components in it: volunteering at tourist sites, as well as volunteer tourism (voluntourism) and other types of tourism that have a volunteer element....

Voter apathy or the lack of interest to participate in the electoral process by ordinary citizens in the Republic of Macedonia, has been and remains one of the main issues that the electoral system of the country is being faced with. In fact, during the last couple of elections voter apathy has shown growing trends, while no real mechanisms to limit it have been set in motion. In fact, voter apathy in certain electoral cycles has even threatened the legality of the entire electoral process and the legislator of th...

The purpose of this article is to outline a generic framework for dealing with acts and facts of corruption within the structures with control responsibilities. We propose, integrating past findings and combining existing approaches, to present a two-way analytical view of the phenomenon of corruption manifested in such structures. Thus, our research has led us to a conceptual model that also aims to integrate empirical knowledge on the vulnerability to corruption of investigating agents and which is able to outli...

В‘War of the KnightsВ’ (Ritter Krieg) is a medieval alchemical narrative, written in the form of judicial combat between the allegorical figures of the Sun (gold) and Mars (iron). The purpose of the study is to show that if one considers the verbal duel of the В‘knightsВ’ not as alchemic dispute, but as a clash of interests of various medieval social classes, the contents of the book is clear, and the alchemist is engaged in the analysis of the historical and socio-political situation in the late Middle Ages. The ...

After the end of the military operations and the German occupation of Poland, the border areas around ?adca in Kysuce Region and SpiВљ region were joined to Slovakia. The population enthusiastically received reconnection of the territories to Slovakia. After the calming of the situation on the border, the formation of new public administration structures began. The situation at the borders was finally stabilized after the signing of the Slovak-German Border Treaty, on 21 November 1939 in Berlin, which temporarily ...

Co-ownership represents an encumbrance of the entire property. Encumbrances take the form of the mandatory approval of any action involving a co-owned item to be obtained by every co-owner of real estate from other co-owners, thereby restricting the exercise of a co-ownerВ’s property right. It should be stressed that property is an absolute right in rem, one of the fundamental rights of every individual; therefore, any restriction must be soft to the maximum extent practicable, granting the owner the widest possib...

The document defining the spatial development policy of the city in Poland is study of conditions and directions of spatial management. For proper planning of public spaces, it is crucial that the study fulfills its regulatory functions accurately, protects the common good against the market game and against usurpation of these areas for non-social functions. Therefore, planning records should determine the accurate localization and ensure, within the designated boundaries, two things: firstly, a place for anticip...

The aim of the article is to study ways of the implementation of the strategy of the economic diversification in countries – major oil exporters. It is well-known that the expansion of non-oil sources of added value is the main guideline of the economic diversification and decreasing the dependency on oil revenues in the developing countries – oil exporters. Many economists recommend to such states rapid privatization and reduction of the government participation in the economy as almost the only way of the di...

In todayВ’s business environment there is a set of skills and/or competences that are currently agreed by employers such as teamwork, customer orientation, continuous learning, proactivity, effective way of communication, agility and adaptability, solving complex problems, planning and organizing, and emotional intelligence. The paper presents some methods of thinking used both in the educational environment and in the business environment that can contribute to the creation of skills needed for those who seek to ...

Our research starts with a much circulated work of the 18th century, namely Patrick GordonВ’s Geography Anatomized, a geography school book compiled after a new method for that time. Extensively used in Britain, it was also very popular in France and Italy and even reached Eastern Europe. The present paper follows an analysis we have undertaken on the European versions of the book and on the linguistic characteristics of its Romanian translation. Focusing on the texts, we now analyze a particular aspect, namely ho...

There has always been two main tendencies in foreign language teaching at universities. The first one deals with teaching language and culture as well as developing intercultural competence. The second one dwells upon the importance of job-oriented teaching to ensure the development of professional competence. This intercultural investigation sought to analyse Russian university studentsВ’ understanding of the concept of intercultural competence and its urgency for the profession they have chosen. Future engineers...

Clinical psychology is characterized by different theories and approaches to the study of human being, mental disease and the possible ways for identity change. This plurality of points of view represents a richness, since it allows psychologists, psychotherapists and also patients to refer to a wide choice of possibilities (such as the variety of configurations, strategies and tools) in order to improve the quality of wellbeing and life for people who need help. Anyway, each theory, on the basis of its epistemolo...

With studies on soft skills on the rise worldwide, they obviously play a very important role as a basis for employability requirements on the labour market. In Russia, soft skills are beginning to find ways into university curricula. The broad mismatch of the term connotations among educators, students and employers forces researchers to dwell upon the content and scope of soft skills. As there are various and often controversial perceptions and understandings of soft skills, the authorsВ’ primary goal was to defi...

Human beings evince a natural tendency to perceive patterns like faces, figures or shapes in otherwise random phenomena. This well-known psychological phenomenon called “pareidolia”, “apophenia” or “clustering illusion” (depending on what we refer to) has a convincing evolutionary explanation. As a universal phenomenon it is therefore part of our human nature, although different cultural and/or religious factors can influence or even determine the sensitivity to detect hidden signs and patterns. The pr...

In the modern humanities one of themes is interpretation of terms, which were used in antiquity for designation of various types of settlements of the Roman empire. The choice of terms by ancient authors depended on many factors: extent of possession of relevant information, terminological tradition, character of the taking place events (in peace or wartime). Article purpose – to study the nature of the of the term a phrourion use in texts the of authors of the 5th century. Methods of research are comparative-hi...

This paper attempts to tackle a problem that intrinsically affects archaeological sites located outside the places where they are generally found and valued: on the one hand, historical centres -where they tend to form part of musealisation projects on an urban scale- and, on the other hand, rural or natural environments -where the sites, generally of a larger scale, constitute a benchmark in themselves in terms of both protection, research and visitor reception. However, our research focuses on those archaeologic...

It is here, in Oriental Hotel Bangkok (now Mandarin Oriental) in Thailand, that one gathers, around the Regio Parco Dusit Park, the stupendous fruit of the meeting between Italy and the Orient. An important story but not very famous story. An eclectic artistic-architectural treasure, in some ways fabulous, which developed in a few decades in the independent Kingdom of Siam. In fact, at the end of XIX century the rivalry between Britain and France in South West Asia ensures the survival of the Kingdom of Siam. The ...

Business operations in today's highly dynamic and changing environment require quick response and adaptation to new business conditions. In this context, the terms "outsourcing" and "freelancing" are emerging; due to their characteristics and new approach in the business environment, they enable different concepts of organizing and creating new business models. This paper puts in focus the problem of freelance status in the labor market competition for a business engagement. It has the task of providing a scientif...

Nowadays the debate on national character has become one of the central issues in the context of ever-growing globalization tendencies and the most recent expressions of nationalism. Contrary to the big nations that most often take for granted who they are, the Latvians have always dwelled upon the aspects of their identity and a range of issues associated with it. Being the “culture of a closed type”, i.e. an issue of an individual choice, Latvianness acquires also the features of the “culture of the open t...

Camera is a fundamental apparatus in filmmaking. There are many possibilities offered on the market and making a choice is difficult especially for non-professionals or film enthusiasts. It is not always about money one is willing to pay for the technology to make good film. When one is deciding which camera to buy it is good to know what it will be used for. This article deals with the topic of universality of apparatuses and basic premises for the utilisation of camera in movie making. The camera is simply a tec...

As more and more aspects of the design and manufacturing process move into the digital environment, the way that design is being taught becomes an up to date topic. The novelty of digital technologies makes the transition from the analogical environments to be seen as a natural and unavoidable event, taking into account their alleged superiority. Traditional means are perceived as being outdated, without taking into account all their strengths and weaknesses. Even though in some fields of application this particul...

William Hazlitt’s “Lectures on English Comic Writers” were delivered in 1818 at Surrey Institution and immediately after, they were published. Two centuries later the list of authors discussed in the “Lectures” by Hazlitt still draws University lecturers’ attention around the world. Poetry and plays by William Shakespeare and Ben Johnson, Cowley’s and Vanbrugh’s comedies, Alexander Pope’s poems, Addison’s and Steele’s periodical essays, Fielding’s, Richardson’s, Smollett’s and Goldsmith’s novels...

Wisdom relates to experienced difficult life situations from which one comes out as someone capable of sharing the learned and experienced lessons with other people and able to help other people based on his or her previous experience. Wisdom tops peopleВ’s list of values and desired personality traits. In psychotherapy, acquiring wisdom is one of the most desired objectives. In development psychology, achieving wisdom is considered to be the peak of maturation. Wisdom is related to feeling good or bad. Wisdom aff...

According to В§ 48 of Civil Code (Act No. 40/1964 Coll.), as effective in the Slovak Republic, contractual party may withdraw from contract if such withdrawal is granted by the law or if the contractual parties have so agreed. Accordingly, there are two rights, the statutory right and the contractual right to withdraw from contract. Both rights can be exercised in diverse situations; as a rule, however, they are exercisable as a result of a breach of contract. The remaining question is, specifically, by what time ...

Due to fast development of new technologies, to emerging of new products and to discoveries being done in different spheres of life, any language experiences its getting enlarged. All these factors cause positive changes in expansion of a language where a lot of specialized words appear which fix and transmit the knowledge contained in those achievements. To express that knowledge different terminological units representing many phenomena of a lot of scientific areas are used. It is known that specialized words ar...

The word-building methods lying behind the formation of brand names are thoroughly researched. However, little is known about the word-formation potential of the trade marks themselves though the phenomenon may significantly contribute to the study of neologisms and the ways that help to enrich the vocabulary. This work is devoted to studying the peculiarities of word formation processes occurring on the basis of word trade marks in the English language. The author studies composition, affixation and conversion as...

The problem of shaping and functioning safety culture and its role in the operations of construction enterprises has been undertaken in the paper. The ways of defining safety culture and the safety culture assessment model in the company have been presented. Risk and safety have been presented as cultural values. Social factors conditioning the conduct and motivation to organize safe working conditions have been incorporated into the safety culture notion, and the development of positive safety culture is now rega...

The article presents examples of workers’ colonies, both realized as well as in the design phase, in what today is the area of Wroc?aw and its surroundings, though at the time of their establishment most were located in the neighbouring communes. These are housing estates constructed near the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, i.e.: next to Schoeller’s spinning mill in Stab?owice, which became a part of the city in 1928, next to the sugar refinery in Klecina, and the railway workers’ estate “W...

This text represents the results of a research in the prison Sv?tlГЎ nad SГЎzavou. The goal was to analyze written expressions of female prisoners, who are voluntarily attending the educational facility within this prison. Content and language findings show, that writing is an important part of education in prisons. Written expressions cultivate personality of prisoners, improving their language skills and the ability to think.

The conducted research concerns the self-reflection of young teachers as a factor identifying their professional needs. The theoretical assumptions referred to the concept of self-improvement. Moreover, the concept of an open intellectual / author's personality / intentional man and self-understanding was referred to. The aim of the article is to show the importance of visiting blogs by the young teachers (in the context of their self-development). Research questions concerning motivation to satisfy their professi...

Despite the exponential growth of transcultural/ translingual studies in recent decades, phenomenon of literary translingualism is still open to question. Specifically, it has been suggested that translingual practices in literature are equivalent to a “cultural bomb” that make minority ethnic groups forget their “names”. Translinguism is as old as the mythical Babylon itself. But if in the usual communication the translingual practices are evaluated rather positively (as the strategy of cooperation with t...

Concept “Culture” in the language consciousness of Yakut language speakers is analyzed with the aim to reveal the core of the concept. There are 15 stimulus words, which were revealed as a result of the analysis of 25 Russian and 25 English definitions of the word “culture”. The associative experiment is the basic method to get the world image of language speakers, the “Gestalt method” by Y.N. Karaulov is the basic to reveal the core and periphery conceptual signs of the concept. Associations of Yakut ...

The corpus of literary texts, where the Jewish theme is stated to a greater or lesser extent (Old Testament imagery, characters-Jews, facts from Jewish history, etc.), is considered the Jewish Text. In any national literature, the Jewish theme demonstrates the attitude towards Jews in a certain national environment rather than the specifics of Jewry. In Latvian literature, because of a special historical and cultural situation, there develops an original Jewish text with the structural elements changed under the i...