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The image of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin is very popular in the world cinema. You can see Stalin in more than one hundred and thirty films. This is a record compared to other historical figures. How true is Stalin depicted in feature films? How did the trends of the times and the evaluation of society affect the process of creating his image? These questions require study and answer. All films where you can see Stalin can be divided into three categories: 1) "Comedy Stalin"; 2) "Stalin in the episodes"; 3) "St...

The article shows the changes in the population on the present territory of the Republic of Tatarstan from ancient times to the end of the XIX century. The article pays a special attention to the peculiarities of settlement before including the Kazan Khanate to the Russian state. It was at that time when a constant network of settlements began to emerge on the territory of present Tatarstan. The paper investigates the ethnic aspects of the historical and geographical settlement and identifies the main types of dis...

The history of the organisation of trips to places of Military Glory of the partisans of the Leningrad region is discussed in the article. The very first routes were paved by veterans of the partisan movement. In the 60-70-ies of the XX century the Soviet Party authorities joined in the organization of memorial tourism. For tourists (especially for the young ones) dozens of routes related to the history of the Great Patriotic War were offered. They included not only the familiarization with the places of fighting ...

The victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved not only due to the military potential of the Soviet Union and fighting on the fronts, but also due to the efforts of the whole society: the situation of socio-economic, political, cultural and leisure spheres played an essential role in winning the victory. At the same time, the emergency war atmosphere inevitably led to the deterioration of living conditions of the entire country’s population, including Southern Russia, where the Stalingrad battle occurred, whi...

The occupation of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire holds an important place in the 19th century world history. It great influenced on the arrangement of forces in those times in the world and gave rise to Russian Empire’s advance in the south direction, negative results of which we're still suffering today. The Caucasus War appeared to be hard for the population of this region. Many ethnos faced the threat of physical destruction, and some of them, such as Ubbis, disappeared from history, and over half a million...

The dismissal of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Nicolae Titulescu, which occurred on 29 August 1936, and which was based, inter alia, on a potentially dangerous approach to the USSR, with unfavorable consequences for the relationships with states such as Germany, Italy or Poland, determined a change of tone in Romania`s foreign policy. Thus, the obsessions with collective security, with France as a mentor, but also with the pacts promoted under League of Nations` patronage by the former Minister of Foreign Affai...

The Great Patriotic War demanded an utmost exertion of powers of the whole population of the Soviet Union both in and behind the front lines. This article confirms the hypothesis of unity between the front and rear. All people of the USSR joined their forces to repulse the act of fascist aggression. And small nations, wherever they lived, were not exclusion and contributed to the Victory. New approaches to studying of demographic losses in Yakutia revealed a probable number of people mobilized to the front line, t...

With the establishment of Soviet power, there have been changes not only in socio-economic development, but also in the scientific and educational complex of Siberia. In the first half of the 1920s, the academic community of physicists was able to partially realize their ideas about the establishment of a research institute that would unite the efforts of physicists in the region. The article focuses on the study of the specificities of the structure, financial position, main directions and key results of the Inst...

A hundred years from the onset and deployment of World War I is a special occasion for an in-depth analysis of the tragedy that has been caused by it, both from the perspective of simple people and political and intellectual elites. Thus, the present text proposes an insight into what historians call microhistory, a leaning on the personal dramas of those involved, people who did not have an official position, soldiers, women, children, but also an immersion in the attitude of writers and publicists who were co-op...

Although the most loyal of the socialist satellite states in the 50, a decade later Romania dared to challenge soviet commandments in some crucial moments of the international arena. Among the episodes that characterized the independent impulses of the Romanian foreign policy in the second half of the `60, we can include the Six-Day War, in June 1967. Relying on archive documents, official statements, and media sources of that particular year, we can assert that the Romanian government, its leaders practiced a qui...

In the current unstable international circumstances, the specific features of everyday life during extreme hardship have become an intensively debated issue in European and Russian historiography. In terms of human survival and coping with difficulties, the Second World War, involving the Soviet-German conflict 1941-1945, is among the primary topics for investigation. Furthermore, the emergence of new approaches and the release of declassified war archives have shed new light on the everyday history; the anthropol...

The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of global competitive intelligence development and analyse the competitive environment in Latvia in historical perspective. The development of the market is a lasting historical process that exists in interaction with all the other markets. Competitive Intelligence (CI) obtained its present pattern in the mid-1990s, and, according to Bergeron and Hiller, it was influenced by several factors relating to social experience and historical precedents. In order to...

There seems to be general agreement that the western military capabilities were more efficient than the Seljuks in the course of the marvelous victories that comprised the First Crusade. This paper focuses on the role of Kilij Arslan I on the warfare between the Seljuk Turks and the Christian forces in Asia Minor during the three main military waves of the First Crusade. Kilij Arslan was the leader of the Turkish forces against the People’s Crusade and the first (1096-1099) and second (1100-1101) Princes’ Crusade ...

Based on the eyewitnesses and contemporaries’ memoirs, the paper shows the image of Stalingrad in 1942-1943, when German troops reached the Volga and the city got involved in a fierce battle. The analysis of eyewitnesses’ accounts revealed everyday problems of the local population during the occupation. The food problem worsened significantly, food was extremely scarce, the population of the city starved. The paper presents the policy of the occupational authorities in Stalingrad. Most of the city's enterprises we...

The article reveals the main stages of the development of political thought in France in the XVII century. Political thought was focused first on the approval of absolutist ideas, and then on justification of the "power" and "grandeur" of the French state. During the second half of XVI - early XVII centuries the ideological suppositions of establishing the hegemonic aspirations of the French monarchy were evolved and later were implemented in the Age of Louis XIV. In the second half of the XVI century, the politic...

Based on the presently known demographic data for the period of the Great Patriotic War, 1941-1945, the author identifies and analyzes the aspects (mobilization to the front, high mortality rate) that have influenced on the change in the population size of the Yakut Republic and also makes a comparison with the respective data concerning the population of Russia and Siberia. The problem of the population size in the regions during wartime was studied by such scientists as V.B. Zhiromskaya, V.V. Alekseev, V.?. Isup...

It is interesting to follow the process of modernization in industrial metallurgy of the Ural and how it has been realized for three hundred years of its existence and what characteristic features it has had in each period of its development. However, until recently, there was no common, scientifically accepted historical periodization of the metallurgy industry in the Urals, although a number of authors considered the problem. To the authors questions of the periodization of the history of metallurgy in the Urals...

Government regulation of migration has proved to be very important in periods of wars, military conflicts, natural disasters and technological catastrophes. In this connection, the article is not only of scientific but practical interest. It is dedicated to the historical experience of solving refugees’ problems. The evacuation occurred in the USSR in 1941-1945 was unprecedented in scale and it has remained unique in the world history. The aim of the article is to determine the quantitative and qualitative structu...

In this article, I discuss the category of time in light of heritage preservation. Although change is central to the conservation theory, it is also a concept that raises the greatest doubts and ambiguous interpretations. The reason for this is very simple: change is related to as foundational a concept as time. In this article, I use metaphysical time models to analyse the life course of things, their damage, and in the end I also refer to conservation theories derived from Eugène Viollet-le-Duc and John Ruskin. ...

The period of 1970-1985 became that period of the highest development of the SPhTI. SPhTI was the country’s leading academic institute in the development of scientific areas related to the solution practically significant problems in the promising fields of science and technology. Among these fields the following should be mentioned the theory of alloys and the development of cold-resistant materials; The theory and development of methods for receiving weak optical radiation, methods for amplifying radio signals o...

The article deals with one of the incidents in the history of the territorial delineation of Arctic lands, which occurred in the 1920-ies and was associated with the island of Wrangel. We present the analysis of the events, which happened before the incident, including the details of the island discovery and the following various states’ representatives’ landing on it. It is noted that Russia's declaration of its ownership of Wrangel Island in 1916 did not cause protests of other countries. However, Russia being w...

For the Slovaks is the period of mass emigration an important chapter of Slovak economic, social and political history. It is a history of courage and creativity, a history of national and social efforts by the members of Slovak nation. According to an official report 170,000 Slovak people immigrated to the United States before 1900 and prior to World War II reached 750,000. Many of these people participated especially in the spiritual life of Catholic organizations and in the Slovak League in America – the nati...

There had been quite a specific situation in Hungary during the Horthy Era with regards to the form of government and exercising the power of the head of state. The form of government of country was a constitutional monarchy (Kingdom of Hungary), but there was no king. Instead of a king, an elected regent had fulfilled the function of the head of state. In Europe there was no other precedent for such a situation that the throne had not been occupied for 25 years, while the monarchy had been maintained. At the begi...

The present paper has focused on the situation in Manchuria in 1920s, where Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) was managed by the USSR and China since 1924 on an equal footing. Sino-Soviet cooperation was announced as a new era in international relations, but soon it was discovered that both sides looked at joint management differently. USSR solemnly declared that it had abandoned his privileges in China, but China per-ceived it as a weakness of Russia and aggressively began to expand their rights, used every opportuni...

Matthias Corvinus was a spectacular monarch. Continuing the policy of John Hunyadi, and great political thinker of South East European world, Matthias Corvinus had an important role in the Orthodox world, the Moldo-Wallachian and the Russian one. Matthias Corvinus was the most important person in the pyramid of power in South East Europe in his time. Matthias used a model involving a takeover of power in Hungary, based on three pillars, first, kinship with the Serbian dynasty of the holy martyr king. This is an im...

Any guidebook for tourists travelling around the multinational region presents information about peoples who inhabit the territory. However, the way the information is presented is frequently far from objective. The article studies the peculiarities of the descriptions of native peoples of the Volga Region and the Crimea. The texts of Russian provincial guidebooks in the second part of the ninetieth and the beginning of the twentieth century are the sources of the research. We can identify the existing regional et...

It is well known that the crusades were represented in propaganda as wars wanted by God. In the propaganda sources sometimes we see a slogan that God personally calls people to participate in the crusades. A lot of chronicle accounts describe God's help to crusaders during their expeditions to the East supported by accounts of miracles. At the same time, nobody has noted that the liberation of the Holy Land was probably not the only purpose of the crusades. From the first crusade onward the crusade was expected to...

The research is purposed to explore the role and value of the source-oriented information systems for the modern information environment of historical science. It is aimed to characterize source-oriented information systems as a new type of historical source and meta source; study the possibility of applying new methods and technologies, research practice of preservation, organization, visualization and analysis of historical sources; obtain a new historical knowledge on relevant issues of political and social his...

This article study the problem of unofficial relations within soviet regional elite, existed during twentieth years of XX century. The problem is studied on the example of Vladimir region. Research is based on the documents from Vladimir state archive, studied on the basis of microhistorical approach. The research shows that different informal relations, based on the system of acquaintances grown from mutual work or everyday contacts, at the 1920-es became quite common at soviet province. Useful acquaintances beca...

Mythology, as well as history, is permanently negotiated as a reconstructed context-dependent reality. Throughout the present paper we are providing an interpretative insight into the meanings conferred to popular narratives such as the Ragnarok in the lyrical agenda of bands that are generally inclined to use or misuse Norse elements which can be perceived as milestones for either a self-image or a broader worldview. The reception is explored in terms of the basic components of Pagan music: the idealization of th...

In this work we have used Nikola Vulic'is unpublished manuscripts which is kept at the Archive of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and at the National Library of Serbia. In this work we will attempt to perceive personality of Nikola Vulic, one of the best Serbian researchers and world known historian of ancient period. His new critical approach to sources and strict methodology have made him a paragon for the forthcoming generations of researchers.

During the 18th century, the figure of great rulers such as the tsar Peter the Great of Russia or the king Charles XII of Sweden fascinated Western Europe. As a result, several treatises were dedicated to the two rulers whose paths crossed several times, amongst which Voltaire's Histoire du Charles, roi de Suede, Rouen, 1731 and a work in 6 books by the Greek-origin scholar Antonio Catiforo, Vita di Pietro il Grande, imperador della Rusia, Venice, 1736. These works reached the Romanian principalities (Moldavia, Wa...

The paper regards the subjective dimensions of the historical memory of World War II as represented in Latvian autobiographical writing. The selected authors, Anita Liepa, Sandra Kalniete and Mara Zalite, belong to the generation of children who witnessed the events of the war in the territory of Latvia and its consequences – deportations of Latvian citizens to Siberia in 1941 and the evacuation of Latvian people to Germany in 1944. In their autobiographical narratives they focus on their family story, bringing ...

This article represents an attempt to reconstruct the history of societal forms of organization and development of research in physics on the example of Tomsk Interuniversity Coordination Council and Tomsk Council of University rectors. This research is based on both published and unpublished sources. 1960-1970s became a period of rapid development of scientific-technical progress and groundbreaking research in physics. Main fields and research results are analyzed, an assessment of contribution of Tomsk Interuniv...

Despite the fact that he had renounced the throne several times , because of his love affairs, King Carol II of Romania enjoyed, ever since he had ascended to the throne , on 8 June 1930 – Restoration Day – the full support of the people and of the political class. Without doubt, his love affairs still echoed in their minds. His separation from Elena of Greece, but especially the continuation of his relationship with Elena Lupescu as his partner were details which neither the Romanian nor the foreign press cou...

On the basis of both published and unpublished sources this article reconstructs the history of societal forms of organization of science in Siberia in 1960s. This problem is analyzed through the case study of Tomsk Interuniversity Coordination Council. This council was established in 1967 and became the first in its kind societal form of consolidation of scientists and universities. Further on the all-Union association of university rectors was established on its basis. The article examines causes of emergence of...

Humbert of Romans (OP) was the fifth master general of the Dominicans. Among other things he wrote a treatise on the preaching of the Holy Cross (De predicatione sancte crucis), allegedly in 1266-1268. This is the only known “textbook” for the preachers of the crusades in Palestine, actually preserved in 23 manuscripts and one early printing. Among these manuscripts there is a “short version” with an independent manuscript tradition that had been unknown before. Furthermore, the manuscript tradition is int...

The article examines aspects of the rural world in Bihor County between 1947-1949, covering the last years before the collectivization of the agriculture. Every year of this period has it's own characteristics, but the aproach of these sequences is a complex one, combining technical, administrative and legal details with elements of mentality and people's reactions regarding the evolution of the political landscape. The core of the presentation is composed of details about the agricultural campaingns, the first fo...

The article deals with the issue on the Catholicism and Sunni Islam role in the Italian fascism and German National Socialism ideological coordinate system at the turning point of the Second World War. The methodological procedures of the research constitute a complex approach comprising the components of both rational and civilizational approaches. The theoretical and methodological procedures include system and dialectical approaches based on the principles of logical realism and objectivity. The research has re...

In Hungary, after World War II, a democratic political system was tried to be built. This change meant in the field of culture and education, the society was given the opportunity to self-organisation and self-activity. That was the era of Free-Culture. Earlier, between the two world wars, in the era of the adult education and general education was controlled centrally. Cultural programs were primarily organised by state organs and functionaries. After 1945, however, society took it over. Even in the smallest vill...

The aim of the paper is to study Stuart noblewomen's perception of their social experience and position in society through analysis of the famous female writer M. Cavendish's utopian novel †The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World' (1666). The method of studying women's history through the eyes of women and various forms of their cultural self-representation, including writing, can prove fruitful here. .Close reading of female literature allows us to see women's attitude to their daily routine, t...

Between 6 and 8 of June, 1936, Bucharest hosted the meeting of the three Little Entente heads of state, Edvard Benes- president of Czechoslovakia, Prince Paul, the regent of Yugoslavia and King Carol II of Romania. On this occasion, the three leaders proposed a unique Alliance Pact between France and the Little Entente, directed against any potential aggressor, and at the same time, a unique command of the three armies. In addition, King Carol II and Edvard Benes went on a cruise on the Danube, an event which was ...

Bread is the staff of life. This saying is true for Russia, where bread has always been considered the symbol of wealth and prosperity, and referred to as the gastronomic brand of many Russian cities. Kalach, a round shaped wheat bread, is the representation of Saratov, “bread capital” of the Volga region. This fact was the basis for the city's high status in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century and still forms the image of Saratov. Analysing the local guidebooks and area study materials of differe...

One of not enough studied themes of WWI is the Ententes ambitions and projects about Cilicia during the war. Cilicia is situated on the north-eastern coast of the Mediterranean. It was under Ottoman rule and was included in Adana and Aleppo provinces in the eve of War. It occupied a strategically important position; it was on the way of Berlin-Bagdad railroad, it was rich in minerals and fertile fields. Cilicia was settled with Christian majority. This rich and strategically important region was attracted Great Po...

In this work was done an analysis of the evolution of the attitude towards national minorities in the political thought of the national labor movement in Poland in the years 1920-1937. Attention was focused particularly on the solutions of this problem, proposed by this movement`s activists. The problem was one of the most important internal problems of the Polish State in the discussed period. Complexity of this issue resulted from a large number of national minorities, their big quantity in the population struct...

During the First World War, the Battle of Megiddo (19-25 September, 1918) was decisive on the Palestinian front, and the Turkish army was crushed. After this defeat, the Turks and Germans could not demonstrate an organized resistance. General Allenby's Egyptian Expeditionary Force liberated Lebanon, Syria, and Cilicia from the Turks. The operation had been planned very secretly and organized brilliantly. The cavalry and air force worked together closely during the battle. The Eastern Legion of the French army took...

Geographical terminology due to its active use in business and daily activities is one of the most important components of dialect vocabulary. The study of semantics and semiotics of the nomination of landscapes in the languages of indigenous peoples of the North-East of Russia (on case of Yakutia) provides the ability to compare different representations of the natural world, to identify the dynamics of change in the vision, representation and use of the surrounding landscape. The exploration and development of v...

Information presented to readers of guidebooks complies with certain educational, commercial and ideological guidelines. This fact can scarcely be noticed while analysing the materials created in the years of stability, but is clearly observed when studying the data recorded in the years of crucial political and governmental changes or revolutions. The article analyses the transformations taking place in the sphere of tourism in Russia after the Revolution (1917) that occurred due to the new State's doctrines. Rus...

This article represents an attempt to reconstruct the history of the development of science in mid 1940s- mid 1950s on the basis of both published and unpublished sources focusing on the example of Tomsk scientific and educational complex. Processes concerned with demilitarization of science after the Great Patriotic War are discerned and analyzed, main fields of research and the most prominent results produces within them are characterized. Cold war that began in 1946 deeply influenced the transformation of resea...

The article is devoted to the attitude of university professors of the Russian Empire to the student movement in the late XIX – early XX century. The powerful surge of student protest movement took place at the turn of the centuries. The movement, changing the content, became more politicized and, no doubt, it was a harbinger of the revolutions of 1905 and 1917. The activation of the student movement caused a controversy reaction of Russian society including the academic environment. Many professors were in a qu...