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INFORMAL RULES OF SINO-SOVIET COOPERATION IN MANCHURIA IN 1920S
Abstract
The present paper has focused on the situation in Manchuria in 1920s, where Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) was managed by the USSR and China since 1924 on an equal footing. Sino-Soviet cooperation was announced as a new era in international relations, but soon it was discovered that both sides looked at joint management differently. USSR solemnly declared that it had abandoned his privileges in China, but China per-ceived it as a weakness of Russia and aggressively began to expand their rights, used every opportunity to remind that China was “boss” in Manchuria. Russia, in his turn, had called China “ungrateful”. This paper pays special attention to the cultural distance and mentality difference in political practices of China and USSR and the attempt to adapt forms of the traditional Chinese culture by Soviet administrators. The analysis shows that despite its ideology and principles Soviet representatives had learned com-munication rules with Chinese, and actively practiced nepotism, bribery, special stile of negotiations. In this article it had used political and cultural approach, which consider informal rules and values define the political thinking and political behavior of people in certain circumstances. This paper is based on unknown archival documents from the Ar-chive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (AVP RF) and Russian State Histori-cal Archive (RGIA). This study has led us to ascertain that pragmatism in cooperation USSR and China in Manchuria in 1920s was more important than political, ideological and cultural differences. It is concluded that Chinese and Soviet sides had to adapt in-formal rules for cooperation for achievement of compromise, but Chinese nationalism and Soviet internationalism caused tension in the relationship and led to different con-flicts between both sides.
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