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TOPOLOGY OF THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF YAKUTIA (THE CASE OF VERKHOYANSKY AND KHANGALASSKY REGIONS)
Abstract
Geographical terminology due to its active use in business and daily activities is one of the most important components of dialect vocabulary. The study of semantics and semiotics of the nomination of landscapes in the languages of indigenous peoples of the North-East of Russia (on case of Yakutia) provides the ability to compare different representations of the natural world, to identify the dynamics of change in the vision, representation and use of the surrounding landscape. The exploration and development of vast territory of Yakutia by indigenous peoples with its variety of landscapes took place in different historical periods. Each ethnic group, adapting to the surrounding landscape, occupied a particular niche, its ethnic and cultural landscape, without causing competition between each other. Yakut herders lived in alaas and valleys of interfluvial areas. The mountain taiga zone was occupied by Tungus language speaking population composed of reindeer herders. Unlike Even and Evenki, Chukchi reindeer herders inhabited tundra areas. Yukaghirs whose main occupation was fishing, lived in the valley of Kolyma river. Thus, every ethnic group inhabiting the region, developed its own system of geographical terms, the semantic content of which is determined not only by the features of the landscape, but also by their lifestyle and traditional activities. One of the areas of research, aimed at a comprehensive study of the representation of local spaces, is the study of place names (toponyms) on topographical maps, as images of the landscape space. The paper identifies main features of the toponymy of two districts of Yakutia (Verkhoyansk and Khangalassky) traditionally inhabited by the Yakuts. Systematization and analysis of the collected data allowed to visualize the cultural landscape and to identify historical and ethnolocal features of the studied areas.
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