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The purpose of the research is to work out ways in which writing an essay in a foreign language could be made easier for students, for today teaching it is widely considered to be one of the most difficult tasks in the field of language acquisition and education. The study was performed on the basis of essays written by University students in their 1st academic year, whose level of English (as a second language) is between B1+ - B2. The main findings of the research are a set of recommendations that the author cal...

Caucasus is a land of various languages, but the Republic of Dagestan often called a В‘mountain of languagesВ’ is especially endowed with them. This В‘mountainВ’ consists, first of all, of languages spoken by the indigenous population. Among them is the language under the present research, Avar. It is an ancient language which has not been studied deep enough (as well as the history of Avars) and needs a detailed linguistic characterization. In contrast, the French language which has a larger number of speakers ha...

Teaching Romanian as a foreign language has a long tradition at the University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest and the course is devised for the Preparatory year students who want to study Romanian intensively for 2 semesters. After they graduate the Preparatory year and they obtain a certificate of attendance, they follow differents faculties or universities. What brings them together is the Romanian language, general Romanian on the first semester and on the second semester they follow the Romanian for Specific Purpose...

The study aims to reveal, describe and systematize boundary phenomena on the suprasegmental level in different regional variants of literary German on the boundaries of linguistic units. The paper reveals general and specific features related to the functioning of phonetic system in literary German on the level of auditory perception with regard to syntagmatic and positional factors. The author uses a set of experimental phonetic methods, which includes linguistic, phonological, perceptual, statistical, and acoust...

The purpose of the study is to describe the nature of accommodation (coarticulation) of Russian and Japanese vowels based on a comparative typological study, and to characterize the manifestations of Russian-Japanese interference at the level of speech perception. The main research methods are the comparative-typological method, empirical method, method of observation, method of auditory analysis, instrumental methods, and generalization of obtained results in order to reveal phonetic interference. The analysis of...

Digital humanities is an activity based on a symbiosis of the humanities sciences and information technologies. This is an international activity. There are many communities implementing projects in this area. For example: Russian Association for Digital Humanities (http:// dhrussia.ru) and European Association for Digital Humanities (http:// eadh.org/). Under the flags of Digital Humanities ITMO University (Department of Graphic Technologies, Center of design and multimedia), Saint Petersburg State University (de...

The paper deals with prepositional constructions with numerical actants and circumstants in the Russian language. Statistical corpus-based characteristics of prepositional constructions are provided, the regular types of categories of dependent numerical groups are described. Prepositions are one of the key subsystems in the language system, and without its formalization, it is impossible to implement meaningful technologies for automatic text analysis. Prepositions in Russian have not been getting much attention ...

Classical African and Asian studies consider the text as the core and the main object of scholar research and take into consideration both the socio-historical context that influenced its formation and the content of the document under consideration. In the case of Arabic scholars deal with a linguistic continuum that has existed for more than 14 centuries. The system of the Arabic script existed as early as in the sixth century AD. The codification of the Qur??n played a crucial role in the evolution of the Arabi...

Referring to the knowledge and deepening in the plastic art, besides the growing artistic talent manifested in the field of creation, it can be undoubtedly asserted that a remarkable contribution to it has been and still is its art amateurs - the collectors, that have shown their passion, first in their own interest or for personal pleasure, as they later realized, that plastic art and valuable artistic creations must be given to the public. In interwar Romania, collectors have morally awarded their status and hav...

The Bucharest Pinacotheque collection preserves 2500 paintings created by Romanian and European artists, more or less known to the public. In this context, the article presents the results of a research that aimed at offering a clearer image of Art Nouveau expressions in Romanian painting, under the influences of the late 19th century European artistic vision. Although the Art Nouveau movement in Romanian fine arts has been little embraced and researched, some audacious examples are still preserved, painted by the...

This article discusses important aspects of the interaction of language and culture, emphasizes the role of artistic expression in the education and upbringing of the younger generation, the negative trends can be traced in the functioning of the Russian language and makes suggestions to improve the current system of literary education in the direction of its synthesis with the objectives of educating the younger generation. The authors come to the conclusion that the teaching of the Russian language, focusing on ...

This paper discusses bilingualism in early and pre-school age. Considering that the world has become a global village and a multicultural community, bilingualism in general and especially in the young population, is a unique phenomenon, and as such it is increasingly subject to the interest of many linguists, sociolinguists, psychologists and other professionals (including school and kindergarten teachers). In this paper we discuss the various definitions of bilingualism and the very process of becoming a bilingua...

In recent years, some Russian scientific journals have noted that the interest in texts and literature written in the language of the metropolis is becoming more and more topical in foreign (i.e., English-language) linguistics, and the scientific interest in the so-called 'Contact Literature' is growing as well. A well-known American scientist of Indian origin, the author of the term 'contact literature' Braj B. Kachru writes: "Language changes as a result of the contact of languages are not limited to grammar, vo...

Fairy tales have their roots in archaic society and archaic thought, thus immediately succeeding myths. Myths have close connection to their bearers and folktales are В‘displacedВ’ in time and space. The timelessness of the tale and lack of geographic specificity endow it with utopian connotations. The spatiotemporal indefiniteness, or such a definiteness, which is not characteristic to reality is the most essential feature of the tale genre. The particular construction of fictional space and time, the chronotope,...

Clip thinking caused by todayВ’s overflow of information is characterized, on the one hand, by fragmentary perception of reality; inability to establish a connection between presented parts of the same phenomenon; poor analytic competency; attention deficiency; and, on the other hand, by high ability to switch over while performing multiple tasks and speedy intuitive thinking. Such mentality makes most students unable to respond to traditional teaching in general and traditional grammar teaching in particular. How...

The article offers the brief review of the long term English-Russian relations identifying the first target audience of the Russian language learning, the purpose of it, the methods of learning being used and the tools of the Russian language promotion. The attention is focused on the role of commercial and economic relations of Russia and England / Great Britain in promotion of the Russian language on the territory of Great Britain which are regarded as one of leading motivational drivers for the Russian language...

Modern international economic relations are characterized by instability and conflict character. Current events in British political, business and economic life make the nation identify itself in new global environment. The image of the country as a strong player on the international arena is powerful tool which aims to unite its citizens and form the consciousness of prosperity and economic development. This fact makes the verbal characteristics of identity formation in discourse a topical issue to study. The aim...

The article analyzes the communicative universe of the speech norm in its sociocultural, linguistic and cognitive aspects. The authors emphasize that it is not enough for the interlocutors to know only the grammatical system of the target language in order to adequately understand each other. Reflecting on the problems of the communicative norm formation, the authors expand the methodological field of research and "bring" the learner into the so-called communicative space, which must be built taking into account a...

The Internet has become a very important source of information for users (students, researchers, general public, etc.) and commercial enterprises. This propulsion of data is related to the diversity of information demands and the need for versatile knowledge. Access to digital data via web services is facilitated by search tools. Following a user request, the search engine has a long list of bibliographic references and web pages. The efficient selection of relevant documents is very difficult given the low accura...

In their study of polysemy, the authors build on the principle of cross-disciplinarity and resort to the methods of conceptual analysis and conceptual modelling in linguistic research. The authors focus on the notion of conceptual structure and analyse the role of different conceptual attributes in word sense formation. The article shows that conceptual attributes have a different status and play different roles in the structure of the concept associated with a sense of a polysemous word. Conceptual attributes var...

Ambiguity is inherent to everyday human communication. It implies that there are two distinct senses assigned to one acoustic form. This research aims to contribute to an integrated interdisciplinary theory of ambiguity as a cognitive phenomenon and identify conceptual mechanisms underlying it. To this end, a variety of empirical and theoretical research methods, including referential analysis (understood in a broader sense as referring to a particular cognitive context used for disambiguation) are employed for th...

The article attempts to conceptualize the verbal-conceptual apparatus of intercultural communication on the basis of the works of the outstanding German linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt. Some of the works in full translation for the first time saw the light in Russian in the collection published for the 250th anniversary of the great linguist. The main attention is paid to the spiritual component of V. von Humboldt's researches, as many factors that ensure the success of intercultural communication as the interaction...

The objective of the work is the application of contrastive approach in teaching English pronunciation for Slovak learners. As the global character of English language is strengthened every day, the only knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary is not sufficient as the importance of being able to lead an intelligible and practical communication plays a vital role as well. Therefore, at finding out some of the useful ways we can make an improvement in terms of teaching and learning pronunciation in English lesso...

The article is devoted to the study of the creative potential of the Russian word-formation system. The aim of the research is to determine the functional and pragmatic significance of the word-forming resources of the Russian language by studying word-building neonominations as expressive signs, which are vivid expressive means in advertising texts. The object of this study is word-building occasionalisms as a reflection of creative word-making activity in the communicative space of advertising. The material of t...

Speech culture is as a complex unity of communicative qualities, normative, ethical and aesthetic tendencies existing in a particular culture. Phonetic culture is a complex unity of knowledge of communication tactics, rules of functioning sounding speech units in different communicative situations, as well as the ability to use acoustic, articulatory, rhythmic, melodic, accentuating, temporal means, modal and emotional specifics etc. to create the necessary communicative effect in the communicative process. Curren...

The article describes the study conducted with the intention to facilitate the development of learnersВ’ speaking skills through test-taking strategies while teaching English to energy engineering students at Surgut State University (Russia). This study specifically determined the methods to improve studentsВ’ language competence in general and their speaking skills in particular. The research indicated that there is a significant difference in the level of English language competence and speaking skills of the st...

The paper aims to analyze discourse as the creation and organization of the segments of a language above as well as below the sentence. It is segments of language, which may be bigger or smaller than a single sentence but the adduced meaning is always beyond the sentence. The term discourse applies to both spoken and written language, in fact to any sample of language used for any purpose. Any series of speech events or any combination of sentences in written form wherein successive sentences or utterances hang to...

In folk speech within the scope of one utterance, synonyms and word-doublets can be encountered, which in linguistics are usually called dual constructions. Their necessity is caused by communication between representatives of different generations, as well as by communication of village residents with representatives of the city and other villages. At the same time, due to the interaction among different time layers of lexis, coexisting in one historical epoch, and / or due to the development of the historical po...

The article analyzes complex cognitive mechanisms which underlie multiple changes that have affected value systems of English and Russian speaking communities throughout the centuries. It is assumed that values permeate conceptual world view at all its levels and changes in axiological system are bound to have far-reaching consequences – sometimes even posing a threat to the viability of a community. In the present paper changes in axiological underpinnings of Anglo-American and Russian world views are examined ...

Distinctive prosodic features of spontaneous and read-aloud speech are difficult to determine due to several degrees of spontaneity, individual speaking styles, and a variety of emotional states, registers, and communicative situations. Nevertheless, scientists have been making a number of attempts in pursuit of this goal. The article presents the results of comparative analysis of spontaneous and read-aloud speech, obtained on identical material, characterized by neutral pronunciation style – from the perspecti...

The purpose of this paper is to systematise the factors of functional efficiency of business discourse and to analyse the specificity of a complex interaction of language elements within a text, due to which discourse acquires semantic accretions. The article makes the case that nowadays the function of rhetoric impact is regarded as the leading one for business discourse, alongside other language functions. Therefore, speech functional efficiency implies enhancing the desired rhetoric effect in reflecting extrali...

Today the requirements of Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education demands educational process modernization. The question of content projecting based on activity approach attracts attention of both national scientists (L.N. Ananyev, L.S. Vigotsky, V.V. Davydov, V.S. Lazarev, L.N. Nosova, D.B. Elkonin) and foreign ones too (Ph. Barker, Jac. Neale, A.R. Putnam, L. Shulman). The present study overviews these basic ideas suggested by scholars on the subject of the approach implementation into educationa...

Any social or business sphere implies interaction and relationship between people at different levels. The simplest way of setting proper relations is language. A skilled specialist should be able to use a foreign language as a tool of communication, on the one hand, and as an instrument of influencing the cognition of the partner for creation an adequate and necessary effect in the communication process, on the other. Hence a real professional should understand what kind of relationship with an interlocutor s/he ...

The purpose of the article is to determine the linguistic status of advertising based on the functional (pragmasemantic) properties of Russian advertisements. This issue is topical today, when advertising is acknowledged as a crucially important part of successful business, and has to be adequately handled in teaching future business people. The problematic side of it is that advertising contaminates features of different styles and genres, and forming studentsВ’ skills of composing efficient ads requires some exp...

The article is devoted to gender analysis of lexemes meaning В‘a manВ’ on the material of Tatar proverbs. Axiological characteristics of a manВ’s image studied on the basis of physiological (features of appearance, age characteristics), psychological (personality traits, intellectual abilities, relationships between man and woman) and status and role characteristics (behavioral characteristics, family relations, social status, property condition). The study of gender stereotypes from linguocultural point of view r...

The dialogue between Cultural Heritage and design practices is a recent theme in academic studies, the connection with fashion design practices seems to be still in exploration. In this regard, the paper is based on the desire to create wearable objects that are representative of Made in Italy values, which encourage the activation, the interaction and the emergence of new relationships between individuals and cultural heritage, exploiting the potential of digital technologies. The designed wearable products were ...

The article presents the results of a study of using precedent units as a frequency type of evaluative statements in modern Russian media discourse. An analysis is made of the functional features of precedent units as evaluating tools applied to modern Russian media texts. In this work, the following research methods were used: descriptive analysis, continuous sampling, contextual analysis and structural-component analysis. The descriptive-analytical method, including observation, comparison, generalization and in...

The aim of the paper is to describe and compare different approaches in lexical semantics and to find out which of them can be used to study semantic features that are necessary for a speaker and a listener while processing spoken word. We group the methods that can be used in semantic research according to three criteria:1) what aspects are in focus of a research: here we compare the studies of the relations between different concepts (such as a word association experiment) and the studies of the components of co...

The implementation of the Russian professional standard for teachers has determined the topicality of the study. The main aim of this research is the improvement of English language teachersВ’ professional competence within the system of training courses on EL methodology. During the research the theoretical, empirical, diagnostic methods were used. Theoretical methods included the analysis of the problem and the subject of research, systematic and logical analysis, a holistic approach to the study of pedagogical ...

The relevance of the presented research is determined by the value of written coherent speech for the decision of communicative tasks in society, the place that this speech occupies in school education, the influence of the study of speech capabilities of stu-dents to make managerial educational decisions. The purpose of this study is to charac-terize the subject content of written statements connected pupils eleven to fifteen years. The main approach to achieving this goal is a comparative analysis of one-dimensi...

This article considers the attempt to examine and analyze factors which influence the process of choice and preference of this or that national language as lingua franca by the global community, explores reasons and situations favoring the genesis of the English language as the global language, draws as analogy with other languages, which in different periods of the human history played the role of the universal communication language. It is assumed that the international communication reveals itself as an extrali...

The article investigates the pragmatic function of intonation in the context of intercultural business communication. The author deploys Speech Analyzer software to consider intonation contours produced by native English speakers (British, American, Canadian) and Russian businesspeople within the lecture register. The lecture register produced in native English speaking public discourse commonly features the following four contours: (1) High + Fall-Rise, (2) Low + Low-Rise, (3) Low + Fall+Rise, (4) Low + Low-Fall....

Symbol has always been an intrinsic part of a person. A personВ’s life is marked with symbols. In the past, this was directly reflected in the architecture and in the art of all religions. They have their special compensation in the temple and vice versa; the temple is a concrete manifestation of the function of a symbol. Thanks to them, art could manifest itself, could naturally pass from the level of aesthetics to the level of religion. One of the proofs to confirmate this thesis is an example of dome and iconos...

The paper focuses on the oldest known collection of recipes written in Romanian, namely an undated manuscript of an unknown author, elaborated in Wallachia. The authors of the text edition published in 1997 presumed that it was written at the court of the prince BrГ®ncoveanu. It is a singular work in its age as the next cookery book in Romanian is from 1842 and has a French model. The manuscript includes 293 recipes and it ends with advice on ink preparation, silvery cleaning, gun cleaning and gunpowder preparatio...

The article deals with the concept of keywords from the position of an associative approach. This concept is widely used in professional scientific and educational activities. The definition of the key words of the text is a prerequisite for the preparation of a scientific work for publication, as well as one of the stages in the teaching of philological analysis of the text. In this regard, it becomes urgent to identify what is meant by the term "keywords" in the professional activities of a philologist. We belie...

The article analyzes one of the genres of professional-network medical discourse – the official medical site. It is shown that this genre is characterized by intensive borrowings, hybridization of colloquial components, functional styles and semiotic systems modeling multifunctionality and multimodality of network medical discourse. The article states that the study of the Internet language, including the linguistic features of corporate sites, provides important information about oral, written and electronic sp...

The research objective is to identify culturally significant information behind semantics of the adjective В‘self-sufficientВ’, which denotes one of the important properties of a human personality in Russian linguoculture against the background of Swedish one. To achieve this goal, definitions of explanatory dictionaries of Russian and Swedish, as well as illustrative contexts of this adjective usage in materials of national corpora of these two languages were analyzed, a questionnaire was developed and a survey o...

Background information The article investigates the role of negation in business discourse, which complies with the communicative code of conduct. It doesnВ’t always permit conversational participants to directly express disagreement, discontent or denial, which fact bespeaks the need to use indirect speech techniques, allowing the interlocutors to achieve their aims while remaining on friendly terms with each other. This is achieved through implicit negation. Methods/Aims The present study aims to give a comprehe...

The paper presents a logical continuation of the previous collection of articles about naming. This study is devoted to a complex analysis of the company naming and slogans on the basis of theoretical concepts and research experience. The structure of the research-based article illustrates the main theoretical theses and describes the practical results achieved in the course of word-forming and an etymological analysis of brand names and comparative analysis of advertisements in Russian, English and German in the ...

The purpose of research is to investigate information distortion linguistic means used by the printed and electronic media sources to manipulate the reader and form desirable by the addressee perception of reality. Among basic linguistic tools widely applied in mass media to shape the readerВ’s attitude to certain concepts, events, figures etc.in the article are distinguished labelling (providing unjustified emotionally charged characteristics of an individual, event, notion, etc.), insider-outsider concept (refle...