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The article focuses on the integration implementation in Central Asian region. The integration process is perceived through the concept of positive and negative integration based on works of Jan Tinbergen. The goal is to show the role of interregional organizations such as the European Union (the EU), the Eurasian Economic Union (the EEU), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (the SCO) and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (the CSTO) in promoting Central Asia as the whole region. Such cooperation falls ...

Background: The members of statutory bodies of corporations are responsible for the damage caused by them personally and unlimitedly within the period of their function. Legal claims for compensation can be submitted by the company, shareholders, creditors, bankruptcy administrator or employees. The negative consequences of decision made by statutory body can occur even after longer period of time and can influence other subjects (e.g. husband, wife, heirs). Directors and officers liability insurance covers damage...

A migration is effect that executes us through the whole history of human race. Although the Slovak Republic belongs to countries with lowest numbers of immigrants the number has an ascendant trend at the present. That is the reason why we should direct our interest to this issue in Slovakia. The intention of this work task is to describe the situation to immigrants, and to find out the opinions of residents in western Slovakia about immigrants. We used the questionnaire for collecting data. The research samples w...

The article is devoted to a very urgent problem of political and economic settlement of the situation in Afghanistan in the context of multilateral cooperation with the SCO countries. Since the 2014 NATO withdrawal from Afghanistan the situation in the country has become aggravated, the Taliban are trying to challenge the Central government in Kabul through both repeated terrorist attacks and seizure of some mountainous regions of the country. Taking into account the current strata’s support of terrorists in Afgha...

Religious rights and controversial approach to their provision and implementation will always be in the centre of discussions in all states including multiconfessional Russia. One of the points is connected with educational process. The most contradictory issues are talking about Muslim religion: on the one hand, there are multiple examples from judicial practice where the right of Muslim women to dress in accordance with their religious commitments meets no protection, on the other hand, there is the permission t...

Political socialization of indigenous minority of the North has social, economic and psychological features. This process [political socialization] is a part of their global problem of integration into modern society, including its social and political structure. At the same time the process of national self-identification increasing should be noted. There are losses of quality of political socialization and involvement of indigenous minority of the North in this process as a result of political socialization most...

While distancing themselves from Eurosceptic views, major findings have been critical in their assessment of certain theoretical approaches that have focused on various scenarios of the reconstruction of the European institutional framework through modification of the economic, political and social subsystems. To put it more specifically, individual perspectives proposed by European intellectual opinion leaders, such as Ulrich Beck and Jürgen Habermas, have offered different solutions for their improvement. When p...

Insolvency legislation reform in the country began back in 1997 when the new bankruptcy law was enacted and published in the “Official Gazette” in October 1997. It entered into force on 6 November 1997 and came into effect on 5 June 1998. With the enactment of this new law, the former “Law of Forced Settlement, Bankruptcy and Liquidation”, as state regulation, used after the breakup from Yugoslavia, was replaced and never used again. This 1998 law was amended three times: in July 2000, 2002 and 2004, and was stron...

The first period of Estonian independence lasted for 22 years, beginning in 1918. Starting from 1940, the Republic of Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union for fifty years. Our case study examines the activities of Baptists in the Estonian parliament during this period from the viewpoint of ethics and sustainability. Content analysis was used as a qualitative research method. The content model is based on Talcott Parsons’ AGIL paradigm [1], which determines four imperatives for the continuity of social systems:...

Less than a year after re-codification of civil procedural law, the first amendment to civil procedure, the Civil Litigation Code, Act 160/2015 Z.z., has been passed. The amendment applies to the right of the party to act before a court using his/her native language or the language the party can understand. The presenters of the legislative proposal substantiated the need to amend the law by reasons of its harmonization with the existing rules of the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages which is bi...

The paper explores the current challenges the international community faces in the context of migration crisis. The research follows comparative legal analysis standards and rests on the international legislation, national laws and legal administrative practices regarding the refugee child protection against exploitation and abuse in the countries that are part to the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse. The paper aims to identify the issues that ...

In the European vector, the Kingdom of the Netherlands certainly plays a key role and is one of the main political and trade and economic priorities in the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in September 1992, Kazakhstan-Netherlands cooperation has been developing dynamically and fruitfully. Political relations between the two countries are actively developing. The relationship is characterized by its intensity and constructive dialogue; trade and economic...

This article highlights certain issues related to the multiple meaning of the term suspicious transaction and its complex nature. Following the basic international definitions of suspicious transactions, national legislations try to adjust them to domestic conditions. The results of selected legislative frameworks are presented through the statistical analysis of three Western European countries and the Republic of Croatia. The statistical analysis of the reversal which happened in suspicious transactions reportin...

The article is devoted to several approaches to understanding of the legal culture phenomenon. The object approach dominating in the domestic theory is inadequate, because it reduces legal culture only to knowledge of current legislation and law-abiding behavior. The author's approach reveals the underlying foundation of legal culture of the different social actors, which are the leading values - formal equality, freedom and justice.

The aim of this research paper is the study of legal status of the European company, reflection of preconditions for creating a new legal form of a company, which has a European origin, the identification of features of the legal regulation of its establishment and operating activities, as well as the analysis of the advantages and drawbacks of these legal entities, which define its effectiveness for large business and prospects. The methodological basis of the research is historical, comparative-legal, particular...

Russian law gradually begins to form legal norms in the field of tax mediation. Tax mediation is not recognized at the legislative level. For this reason, the question of the use of mediation for tax disputes deserves close consideration. At the present time in Russia the problems of application of procedures of mediation in tax dispute are frequently discussed. In modern conditions of formation of judicial practice on tax disputes the issue of pre-trial settlement of disputes acquires the increasing relevance. Th...

This research intends to investigate the origin of space tourism, as well as its legal framework. The first space Tourist was Denis Tito who is credited with being the first space tourist. He is a U.S citizen who worked for NASA – Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Despite being of American descent, his International Space Station trip was facilitated by the Russian Government through the Roscosmos State Corporation. Overall, the trip cost 20 million dollars. For over 40 years, only states had monopoly for activities in o...

This paper focuses on the judge-witness interaction in the Romanian courtroom, namely on the questioning and reformulating strategies used by the judge in the Romanian courtroom. In the Romanian courtoom (belonging to the inquisitorial system of justice), the judge is actively involved in determining the facts of the case, while the judge in an adversarial system is an impartial referee of the prosecution and defendant pleading their cases before a jury who determines the facts of the case. If judges have a passiv...

The article considers the problems and prospects of foreign policy of Russia in the CIS. This region has traditionally been of high priority for Russia's foreign policy after the collapse of the USSR. At the same time, it is noted that for one and half decade after the collapse of the Soviet system, Russia's cooperation with the CIS countries was weak, and the integration initiatives were not convert into practice. The situation began to change in the mid-2000s. During the years 2009-2013 the integration processes...

In banking market the guarantees by individuals for non-business purposes need an enforcement of consumer protection. Indeed, it could be really difficult to improve guarantor’s protection because European case-law admit a consumer protection only if the debtor under the principal contract does not qualify for consumer protection. The main aim of the paper is to demonstrate that the guarantor could benefit from consumer protection even if the guarantee related to a contract for the supply of goods or services to a...

The paper concentrates on the legal analysis of the independence of the Czech Central Bank. Central bank independence is a key precondition for the successful implementation of monetary policy and hence for sustainable non-inflationary economic growth. Independence protects the central bank primarily against any political pressure to adopt measures to boost short-term economic growth. The term "independence" is not explicitly expressed in Czech legal documents (the Constitution of the Czech Republic and the Czech ...

In 1990, Romania opted for an electoral system of proportional representation (PR) which remained in place until the 2004 elections. During this time, every electoral cycle had been marked by different reforms and/or amendments to the electoral law. The electoral reform from 2008 and the subsequent transition to an alleged single-member majority electoral system (SMP) – which still retained a major component of proportionality – occurred in an environment characterized by a sense of profound disappointment with th...

The authors suggest that the development of civil society as well as of information technologies are objective factors that influence the content of the legislation of any modern state. From this perspective, they evaluate the system of financial control (supervision, audit) in the Russian Federation and the quality of its legal regulation. To determine the specifics of the legislative regulation of financial control, a comparative legal analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and of a number o...

Currently, the imminence of the primary regulation of social relations in very varied fields makes it almost impossible for Parliament to intervene timely, which makes use of legislative delegation. Thus, not only the inefficiency, but also the inopportunity of Parliament's legislative activity are among the arguments put forward to empower the Government to issue ordinances, through which Parliament tries to transfer part of its responsibility to social issues to the Government. Legislative delegation is a living...

The concept of Europeanization can be perceived as a phenomenon affecting all components of sub-national, national and multinational society, however, in the last period, most academics consider it more from the perspective of so called “bottom-down” approach, whose ambition is to explore the peace, form and dynamics of the impact of European integration on society as such. This means that European policies, European legislation, culture, values, and the very existence of the EU have a comprehensive influence on t...

New technologies and possibilities of simultaneous processing of large quantities of personal data are developing both in science and the economy. However, collecting and processing personal data opens up a whole range of issues and controversies. The European Union has also recognized the importance of this issue and has implemented a reform of personal data protection through a new instrument aimed at ensuring the protection of the rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals with regard to the processing of t...

In the Slovak Republic divided views have persisted for several years as to whether a court executor may create a lien on immovable property in favor of the entitled party to secure the party’s monetary debt claimed in the execution proceedings, and subsequently sell the obligated party’s encumbered property without consent of the preferred lien creditor (i.e. the creditor in whose favor the lien has been created on the obligated party’s immovable property earlier). According to one view, relying on statutory inte...

This paper provides a methodology for assessing sustainability performance by using financial reports of organisations. In this process, we applied Talcott Parsons’ AGIL paradigm, which is based on system theory and states that the continuity of a social system requires the balance performance between all four components of the system: adaptation (A), goal attainment (G), integration (I) and latent pattern maintenance (L) or values [1]. In her doctoral thesis, Roostalu proved that the AGIL paradigm constitutes a g...

The process of Macedonia's EU membership requires undertaking concrete steps to follow current developments regarding retirement policies. This issue is not lacking treated in government programs or in programs of political parties running for executive power, however, it remains to be only in the context of daily political interests and unfortunately there is no sustainable solution. Since Macedonia's membership in the European Union requires a series of measures and activities, is immanent need to achieve a scie...

Achieving an optimal balance between work, personal life and family responsibilities is a key contributing factor to the employee's overall well-being, reflected in 3 areas: health care, employee productivity and retention. There are many ways to enhance work life balance and creating a flexible organizational culture is one of the most effective option. In this paper, we reveal the importance of telework in enabling a supportive and healthy work environment, which will help employees to achieve a better work life...

Over the last ten years the variations of religious extremism has been increased sufficiently. Taking into view the controversial nature of the concept content and the difficulty of its adequate use there is a necessity to study the reasons for this affairs state. The reason for the study was the official announcement of the “yellow level” introduction because of the terrorism on the territory of Kazakhstan and enhancement of the diversity of forms of its manifestation in Russia. A group of researchers believes th...

The poverty as a social problem in post-communist countries began to be an important issue in social and economic sciences at the beginning of the nineties. In the Czech Republic, the poverty is a social problem, which includes both types of polarizing poverty - objective poverty (mostly income poverty) and subjective (emotional or situational poverty). Both types embody their possible consequence – a multidimensional deprivation (Sirovátka, Mares, Ve?erník, Green, 2002). Deprivation in the context of our project ...

European integration is probably the most successful example of integration in the world. After World War II six of European countries – France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Luxemburg and the Netherlands decided to cooperate more closely - mainly in the field of the economic cooperation (only later in political one). And it worked. The process of integration deepened slowly but effectively and more countries decided to join, the United Kingdom as well. The United Kingdom became the member of the European Communities i...

From 2008, an increase of Russian Federation ambitions has induced public demand in EU countries to strengthen their military power. A new recruitment wave is affected by economic struggle, previous downsize of overall equipment, still unfit legislation and low willingness of young generation to serve in order to protect our globalized society. When recent eligible pool of society does explicit difficulties to recruit, then gravity of our interest will have to be pulled to upcoming generation. Moreover, current mi...

The aim of this research is justification of differences in legal regulation of men and women’s labor, caused by particular support of women and revealing importance of well-balanced differentiation of their labor conditions. For these purposes normative legal acts, containing standards of labor law and also Conventions of International Organization of Labor were analyzed. Among basic conclusions, made during research, we can note the following ones. First, employers’ unwillingness to conclude labor contracts with...

The article is aimed to follow the process of establishment and development of national approach of such international actors as Turkey, Iran and Saudi Arabia to the new international subsystem within Central Asia taking place at the first decade after the Soviet Union collapse. The authors focus on analysis of detailed and pragmatic fundamentals of political drivers of Islamic countries’ implementation of the foreign policy course in Central Asia. The work focuses on the identification of the idealistic and pragm...

The state administration bodies in exercising supervision through the inspectorate exercise control over the activity of administrative bodies, administrative acts, organizations that have public authorizations, economic entities and other institutions, they impose administrative measures in accordance with the legislation. The Republic of Macedonia, like many other countries, competes in European integrations, which require standards related to administrative control, which is also reflected in the inspective con...

The article deals with unveiling the peculiarities of decentralization process of public authority in the states of Central Europe (on the examples of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic). The scientific and theoretical interest in this issue is caused by the necessity of improvement (actual renewal) of a number of basic institutions of democracy and local government in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the investigation involves a set of scientific research methods which are typical of legal science in ...

Although some types of administration have existed earlier, however, the traditional public administration model actually dates back to the middle of the nineteenth century. Previous administration systems showed an important characteristic. They were "personal", based on loyalty to a particular individual as a king or a minister, instead of being "undetermined" on the basis of legitimacy and loyalty to the organization and the state. Their practices often resulted in corruption or abuse of office for personal gai...

Generally, the principles of conflict of laws provide guidelines to determine whether a court of the forum jurisdiction will apply its law or the laws of another interested party to a dispute. This inquiry often requires a court to make a choice that may be affected by public policy considerations of the forum jurisdiction. Conflict of laws principles, moreover, may extend to many aspects of a case, such as judicial jurisdiction. We discuss the law and economics of conflict of laws and choice of law. Hence, four q...

The article proves advanced forms of citizens and local government's interaction. Authors consider and analyze some aspects of direct democracy and compares Russian regulation and theory with foreign legal orders. Authors describe the content and determines problems and prospects of using such advanced forms of interaction of citizens and local governments, as electronic referendum (plebiscite) and surveys. Methods: dialectic, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, deduction, legalistic method, interbranch legal resear...

This article assesses the legal regulation of competition rules in agricultural business within the legal framework of European law. It is assessed what role is played by the major European institutions and bodies in the process of the adoption of legislation which aims at creating fair conditions for all subjects active in agricultural business. Within the major EU institutions, those having impact on EU legislation on agricultural advertising include the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development of the Euro...

The goal of study is determining the conception of scientific fraud and its regulation by the norms of criminal law. The most dangerous delicts in international law received were named international frauds. To such deeds are related cyber crimes corruption, frauds with using official position, unfair commercial action, but such type of crime as scientific fraud did not get a normal consolidation. Even if this action has an international character, and brings not only material, but moral damage and brings treat to ...

Article is written on actual topic connected with formation of the common migration policy of the European Union and improvement of the European legislation in the sphere of regulation of migratory processes. The analysis which is carried out in article reflects the profound changes which happened in the legislation of the European Union at a turn of the XX-XXI centuries in the field of migration policy. Activities of institutes of the European Union for development and realization of effective migration policy pr...

The authors reveal the structure of the new political phenomenon - network public policy, formed under the influence of societal changes in contemporary society. As a result of these changes, political institutions and practices acquired new network universal qualities. Network public policy takes place in an environment integrated with the Internet public space and includes the activities of various social and political actors that have significant levels of reflection and use network mechanisms to search for res...

Like in many other countries, the status of women in Croatian politics is neither satisfactory nor have their political rights been developed to an adequate degree. Croatian women face numerous prejudices and stereotypes and are almost invisible at a high political level. Consequently, the number of Croatian female MPs is small despite the fact that the rules on electoral gender quotas were introduced in 2008. As stipulated by those rules, there shall be at least 40% of women on parliamentary candidate lists. Inst...

The Republic of Macedonia passes through many turbulences, it faces with problems of different nature(various kinds) and in particular with the problems of interethnic, inter religious, intercultural, socio-economic characters etc. The environment of the party moment reflects on political, ideological and ethnic overpopulation. In the ideological sense collide left-wing and right-wing ideologies expressed through SDSM and VMRO-DPMNE, in the interethnic sense clashes(collide) between Macedonia and ethnic Albanians ...

Penalties for the offence of stalking have a short history in Polish law. Article 190a was added to the penal code in 2011, and Section 190a §1 states: “Anyone who, through the persistent harassment of another person or another person's next of kin, creates a justified sense of danger or significantly violates the person's privacy, is subject to imprisonment for up to three years”. There was difficulty counteracting this offence prior to the 2011 Criminal Code amendment because previous rules did not always provid...

The article explores the system arrangement and determination of a methodology of a new scientific branch in the system of financial law – regional financial law. The work is an attempt to analyze a possible development of the financial law system through changing approaches in the methodology of studying financial law, meaning consideration of financial law system not only horizontally but also vertically, highlighting a new trend in the study of financial law – regional financial law, which, in the authors view,...

Some offences under Polish law are codified in Acts other than the Criminal Code. For example, Criminal Liability is regulate in the 14th chapter of the Act of 4th February 1994 “Law on Copyright and Related Rights”. The most important offences legislated are acts of plagiarism and copyright piracy. The first offence is codified in Article 115 and the second in Articles 116 and 117. Plagiarism is prosecuted ex officio, with maximum penalty up to 3 years imprisonment, and Copyright piracy is prosecuted on a complai...