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The security of modern society and an individual is seriously tested by a terrorist threat, which is often perceived as something external, that violates relative social harmony and order. Attempts to “seal” society, to protect it from any form of extremism, lead to huge public costs, but do not lead to the elimination of the threat. The article discusses the problem of sociocultural mechanisms of terrorism dissemination and the question of how philosophical framework of public security strategy should be chan...

Drawing on recent research on CarnapВ’s academic schooling in neo-Kantianism and DiltheyВ’s В‘LebensphilosophieВ’, this paper attempts to reconsider the precise objectives of the anti-metaphysical program of Carnap and the Vienna Circle. It argues that while the elimination of metaphysical truth through logical analysis of language has become a landmark moment in the history of twentieth-century Western philosophy, far less scholarly attention has been given to CarnapВ’s elimination of the metaphysical need. This ...

The article focuses on the research of the Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy concerning the conceptional understanding of peace in the Antique ages. Theses of the brilliant Greek and Roman philosophers like Heraclitus, Xenophon, Aristotle, Socrates, Cicero, Polybius, and Marcus Aurelius are being analyzed and introduced as the arguments for the conclusions which demonstrate crucial points of vision of peace not only for ancient philosophers, but for the ancient people on the whole. The topic is both historical an...

The philosophic doctrine of Immanuel Kant was innovative for its historical period. It harmoniously consisted of both social and political aspects, which could lay the stable foundation for the political stability in Europe for many decades. Unfortunately, his treatise “To the Perpetual Peace” had a vivid tone of social romanticism and political Utopia. Frankly believing in construction of the non-conflictive society based on humanistic and legal principles, the great German philosopher ignored the contradicti...

The article presents a complex analysis of “culture of security” notion. The main definitions of “culture of security” are explored in such problem fields as international relations and national security. These definitions’ limits and discrepancy to the challenges of modernity are demonstrated. The necessity to elaborate “everyday culture of security” is argued to provide for a range of competences and personal rights, which foster security of an individual. Conceptualization of “everyday culture of...

The article demonstrates the application of phenomenological description method to describe the architectural space of Saint Petersburg Empire period. The style originating in the French architects designs in the late nineteenth century was fully embodied in St. Petersburg, thus creating the image of a perfect capital. The style involves a particular vision of space, that can be perceived only from a supervisorВ’s perspective, creating a panoramic view, combining planimetric images with perspective ones, implement...

The discontinuity of matter was originally postulated with an explicit purpose: to demonstrate the reality of movement. However, a deterministic and necessary movement eliminated the possibility of explaining freedom. Epicurus first, and Lucretius later, modified the doctrine of Democritus (founder of Greek atomism) in regard to a very important point, since they both admitted the spontaneous movement of swerving or clinamen of some atoms, as opposed to their stable fall, situating matter between reality and possi...

The tragic events that have taken place recently in Romania (the case of the 64 young people dead in the fire from Bucharest club > on October 30, 2015), but also those that happened around the world because of the attacks, give us a lot of questions and reflections related to the dialectic of good and evil, but also to the true faith that can accept suffering and death to enjoy eternity in the Risen Christ. This dialectic of good and evil, of highlighting the good only in the "fight" with evil, made from Dostoevs...

This article presents philosophical analysis of such a phenomenon as video games. Today, video games represent a major part of modern culture, which requires a specific research to be carried out. Without studying the ontology of video games it is impossible to give clear answers to such questions as: What are video games? How are they built? It is our goal to disclose and analyze the ontologies in the framework of which video games exist. We need to note that there is no such thing as universal ontology of video ...

The purpose of the research consisted in finding elements of theArt of Memory in the work of the prominent author of the Second Sophistic. To achieve this purpose wesubjected to the textual analysis one of the most popular works relating to the Second Sophistic: The Imagines of the Elder Philostratus. Since the Renaissance the book was subject of scientific analysis and, at the same time, source ofinspiration for many artists. Weconcentrated only on searching of elements of the Art of Memory in The Imagines. Excep...

Ethics in general is very, up to date issue, which is being researched worldwide. Especially young generation todays have to deal with numerous dilemmas on daily basis. Similarly, like generation Y, these people have access to wide range of information, which they have to deal with. Ethical or moral dilemma presents a situation in which there is not an option of right or wrong choice. The individual must choose between two, similarly undesirable alternatives. Many ethical theories and models of ethical decisions c...

The goal of the article is to point out the ethical and moral issues of education in the Slovak history of the 18th century as well as their philosophical and religious starting points. Teaching was usually accepted at that time only as a transitional position to the priestly occupation and therefore it was not sufficiently evaluated. Opinions concerning education as well as the teaching in the 18th century were rare only in advanced schools. The effort to improve the material equipment of the schools and the teac...

Health is a defining attribute of quality of life and well-being and is a viable and instrumental value conditional on the existence and enforcement of the human characteristics. Health problems are usually addressed as part of issues related to health care. Health care, exactly its functionality operation is in fact considered to be the most important factor affecting the quality of life of citizens in the state. Quality health care depends on whether and how effectively the system works, what ideas justified its...

Two types of state ideology are analyzed in the article: ideology of totalitarian regimes, which existed in Italy, Spain, Germany, the USSR and China in the 20th century, and modern ideology of the “consumer society”. Both of them result from ideas of the Enlightenment (rule, based on reason, omniparity, freedom and justice) and have common features. The peculiarities of the totalitarian regime, which had a tendency for suppression of dissent, and the so-called “one-dimensional society”, controlling the ma...

The aim of this paper is to explore whether hermeneutical critique is a good method for describing, evaluating, and implementing deliberative democracy. The well-known philosophical direction is critical hermeneutics and key authors of this school of thought include Jürgen Habermas, Paul Ricoeur and Hans-Herbert Kögler. We want to inquire how they work with critical hermeneutics and we aim to show why it may be better to establish hermeneutical critique in the place of critical hermeneutics. One of our inquiring...

The theme of action has to do with issues related to the dynamic of potential acts, hu-man action, agency and so on. It has a long history in philosophy, running through Aris-totle, Thomas Aquinas, RenГ© Descartes, David Hume, Johann G. Fichte, Max Weber, John Searle, to mention some famous thinkers on this topic from ancient times to the contemporary epoch. Philosophy of action has had and still has three major speculative interests: (1) the study of human action in connection to general theoretical or specula-ti...

In a human thinking, hard affected by the indifference to soul, we want to bring into focus the Church vision about veneration of Chris icon and its impact on our days. The basic characteristic of the Orthodox Church is the use and veneration of the holy icons of Jesus Christ, the Theotokos and the Saints. The people praying in front of the icons feel that they are engaged in a live personal dialogue with the portrayed Saints of God. The icon can be paralleled as the God-loving interpreter of this dialogue and the...

The concern for intellectual integrity appears to be a relatively recent phenomenon in the history of the West. Not ranked among the cardinal virtues of Greek and Christian thought, in spite of some noteworthy prefigurations, it is generally regarded as a modern virtue that belongs to Western history after the dominance of Christianity: it reveals a restructured value system that extends beyond Christianity and its Kantian legacies. Generally, intellectual integrity is defined as a consistent, wholehearted and unc...

The mankind (preliminary – its European integral part) understood the medieval world as the arena where irreconcilable struggle between Good and Evil continuously went on. The main opponents were the Christian philosophy and the heretic ideas, the main battleground – the human soul. As the Christianity conquered the dominating philosophic position, natural scientific knowledge should have been content with its secondary role and all discoveries and scientific theories defied censorship of the Bible. The theori...

The article undertakes an attempt to consider laughter as a phenomenon of a personВ’s religious life, analyse the symbolic meaning of laughter in religious practices and myths. Laughter played rather a relevant role in the archaic culture: particularly ritual laughter assured the link between the sacral and secular segments of existence. The connection between laughter and religion (apart from ritual laughter) can be traced to specific aspects of laughter culture of the ancient and medieval periods, as well as in ...

Mentality is one of the most significant characteristics of each nation, and the au-thors prove it in their article. There is no agreement among scientists about the essence and nature of national character. Different researches study the problem of the national character by different ways. Every person is a part of a class, religious community, eth-nos, state and some other community. The realization that different nations differ from each other with “its traits of a soul”, happens in a cultural history fairl...

Risk a priori is present in the life of man and society. Risks are manifested in various spheres of human life: social, economic, political and financial. Moreover, the risk has a significant impact on human life and health. A detailed analysis of this concept was carried out within the framework of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research. Moreover, the author presents an actual classification of risks in the context of post-non-classical science and practice. The author discusses the moment and situation...

Development of information and communication technologies, including virtual reality, hardware and video game industry makes the issues of virtual worlds and objects existence quite urgent. To what extent are those real? Do virtual worlds exist, or are they just fiction and illusion? How mythological are they? The main goal of this article is to reveal mythology construction in video games virtual worlds. We illustrate how video games construct their own virtual worlds, which are mythological within, including syn...

Philosophizing of a child is a very multi-faceted phenomenon, as well as philosophy and childhood in general. On the one hand, there is the naivety of childrenВ’s asking and interpretation, and on the other hand, there is a metaphysical depth of the issues. Unfortunately, children as naive philosophers do not meet proper understanding and attention to their raised problems from adults. The cultural tradition paradoxically ignores the importance of naive philosophizing in development of a child. But in that case it...

This article presents major properties and features of network technologies from the social, management, and riskological point of view. Network technologies are considered an important aspect of convergent NBICS technologies and are primarily determined by their informative and social direction. The author has developed a system of parameters and indicators (including input and output parameters) for a social network project of network technologies risk management and analyzed their development opportunities. The...

The presented article is an attempt at an analysis of the issue of fanaticism. Looking at the present times, we are left with an idea that fanaticism is not only a serious problem, but a kind of moment in which a modern “to be or not to be” or humanity plays out. Fanaticism has its sources, its roots. It did not come out of nowhere; it is not the invention of Muslims, Christians, the wealthy, the possessed, or the passionate. It is analysed as a social, cultural and ethical phenomenon, as well as a political a...

E.O. Wilson, the founder of sociobiology, presents in his work Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge from 1998 a conjecture that postmodernism as a principal line of thought at the end of the 20th century, which is inherent in the mainstream social sciences and humanities, closes the door to the unity of knowledge - the so-called consilience. The purpose of this study was to analyse the possibilities of the consilience of knowledge in humanities and natural and social sciences in the state of postmodern crisis of an...

Nowadays the need to create (or construct) new ethical norms emerges constantly in the spheres of politics, medicine, ecology, demography etc. But can we call normative ethics (i. e. ethics which not only describes and explains facts of the societyВ’s moral life but also postulates certain moral norms and principles) a science? The majority of contemporary logicians will answer negatively. According to them normative ethics cannot be a science since it is impossible to give scientific (logically correct) proof of ...

The humanities are rapidly changing nowadays. Since the late nineteenth century the humanities claimed to follow an own method: ‘hermeneutics’ (Verstehen). This method was different than the methods of the (natural) sciences. While scientists explain nature by way of counting, measurement, and formulating laws, scholars in de humanities try to understand (hermeneutics) particular and unique phenomena – such as texts, artworks, or for instance a historical period – by way of empathy and imagining. However, du...

The authors explore the problem of identity as a result of the interaction of subjects in the process of communication. The authors allocate various types of identity depending on the historic stage of the existence of the human community. They distinguish ethnic identity, religious identity, linguistic identity, national identity, cultural identity. The authors select such form of identity as transcendental identity and consider it to be the ultimate form of identity and the most significant on a contemporary soc...

Philosophy has always strived for understanding the most general principles of human being and knowledge. It has been constituted as a scientific discipline with strictly methodological thinking processes and it has contributed towards the analysis of all knowledge. Although different sciences have separated from philosophy in the course of history and have developed their own methodological systems of recognizing reality and their own self-concepts, they still, up to this day, cannot develop knowledge without bei...

The concept of inclusion has been widely used in social, political, economic, cultural, but especially in educational context. However, there is still a need for its thorough philosophical reflection. The article focuses on philosophical understanding of inclusion by analysing the concept of normality and its relation to exclusion. We undertake to answer the question if there is a difference in understanding of normality and inclusion in the context of modern and postmodern philosophical paradigm through theoretic...

The paper examines the complex relationship between traditional values of scientific philosophy in Russia and the new system of scientific communications. The authors diagnose the fall of the "Humanist Thaw" and the coming of "New Epoch of Engineers". While Russian philosophy is in the quest for its new identity, the modern Russian professionals found themselves on a continuum between two extremes of old-school academic and corporate values, with a trend toward the latter. Meanwhile, a majority of post-soviet phil...

The article is aimed at the research of the modern human being in the conditions of rapidly developing high technologies. In present period the philosophy has to consider two very significant factors. The first factor is challenges of a modern technogenic civilization and rapidly developing technologies; the second - a non-equilibrium and unstable state of the contemporary world. The principal openness of the future requires a new methodological strategy. From the point of view of methodological approach, the sear...

The paper enlarges existing anthropological ontologies on the basis of the theory of complexity, self-organization and nonlocal quantum phenomena. Since recently they have been facilitating quantum-synergetic revolution in NBICS technologies, information quantum theory and physics of the living and are considered to be most promising for the development of artificial intelligence and transhumanism. For this purposes it is suggested to introduce ontologies of states and temporal ontologies of generalized corporalit...

Philosophy is one of the standard disciplines of knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to map out the intermediate relationships among subjects that arise in schools where philosophy is taught. It also includes secondary grammar schools. This paper is an attempt to map the basic areas of the penetration of the curricular relations between philosophy and the subject of Slovak language and literature. It is a subject that is composed of several parts. In the area of the Slovak language and literature two basic units...

The article is focused on the analysis of views of Russian youth on religion, religious values, and The Russian Orthodox Church. The survey of value orientations of the youth in one of the largest regions of Russia (Nizhny Novgorod Region) became the source of the empirical material of the research. This region is considered to be a federal indicator of many socio-economic indexes including religious and confessional ones. The data and information about religious views of the younger generation were collected with...

In the history (of philosophy, art) there have been different ideas of the body and soul and their mutual relations. First opinions appeared in antiquity, continued in the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the modern age, until the present time. The body was mostly the object of investigation, it was examined as a whole and so were studied its parts. In Plato’s philosophy, the body was considered material and the soul intangible. Although he found the soul to be more important, it was not possible to separate them. ...

From the beginning of his book Le discours de lВ’action (1977), Paul Ricoeur empha-sised the fact that a В‘philosophy of actionВ’ is not a В‘science of actionВ’. He underlines that the practical ethical dimension is the specific kind of discourse that the question of ac-tion has had since the ancient era in philosophy. The dialectics between the practical dimension both as a В‘physicalВ’ dimension and as an В‘ethicalВ’ dimension have not only been the basis for the rationalisation and differentiation of philosophy...

Why is it possible to reasonably ask В‘How do you loosen a screw?В’ while it is not rea-sonable to ask В‘How do you raise your arm?В’ For Ricoeur, the exercise of a capacity does not simply result from knowledge. In fact, I do not В‘knowВ’ my body when I am acting: I am able to act; that is all. I am able to do it because В‘I canВ’. The corporal events В‘I knowВ’ are not what В‘I doВ’. However, if a paralysed man were to ask the question В‘How do you raise your arm?В’, it would have the same meaning and logical ar...

For Ricoeur, the discourse of action – more specifically, the ‘say your doing’ – can and must be examined from different levels and from different traditional philosophical per-spectives, as follows: (1) conceptual analysis (i.e. the analysis of concepts used to de-scribe action), (2) logical analysis of statements of action (i.e. the proposition by which action is expressed and represented), and (3) the logic of action (i.e. the argumentative construction through which a strategy of action is built and just...

In this paper I am going to investigate the influence of Hegelianism in process philosophical theories such as Simondon's Ontogenetic Theory or the dialectical shape assumed by the Systems Theory. First, I will outline the common points between Simondon's philosophy and the Systems Theory, with a particular reference to the concepts of В«analogyВ» and В«transductionВ». I intend to show how these notions lead their respective theories close to Hegel's idea of Being. Second, I will notice that both Simondon and syst...

Criticism of speculative philosophy through the lens of existential communication is a theme that goes through the whole authorship of Danish religious philosopher Soren Kierkegaard; a special attention to it is paid in the works signed by Johannes Climacus. This is one of the reasons why the fore-mentioned works can be employed in researching Kierkegaard’s views on philosophy as method, or rather – his criticism of it. He speaks of the existential communication in the context of several contradictions, e.g. in...

Today an active attempts of understanding the anthropological and social dimensions of modern technoscience are made. The most important way of technoscience is the NBICS convergence. In the article special attention is paid to the understanding of technoscience as anthroposocial project, including the public in a number of factors that can affect decision-making in the field of innovation management. However, this effect is recursive and requires an understanding of the possible consequences and risks of technosc...

The philosophy and practice interpret categories in the light of certain features of scientific or philosophical knowledge. At the same time, the proclamation of a specific scientific paradigm, in particular complexity theory, presupposes the emergence and development of new categories and concepts. The modern science and philosophy poses a global challenge to the scientific community. The task is to adapt the fundamental classical categories. One such category is the category "quality". The adaptation of quality ...

The authors address the current issue of communicative barriers in intercultural social practice that reveals hidden conceptual horizons of the mass and individual consciousness, implicitly represented in the humanitarian discourse, the teaching practice and the choice of communication. The paper deals with the borders of the semantic barriers in intercultural communication connected to the intellectual style and ethic context. The research on human communication barriers in the dynamic conditions of modern societ...

The article deals with the problem of political liberalism and aims to show the criticism of the western liberalism by Russian political thinkers. The authors focus on the political philosophy by Boris Chicherin and Ivan Ilyin who were the most outstanding representatives of the Russian liberalism. In his fundamental work “History of political doctrines” Chicherin shows that the main features of the western liberal tradition based on the philosophy of the Enlightenment should be found in the principles of indi...

The article is devoted to the discussion of the phenomenon of the culture of understanding within the framework of social communication, the established tendencies of the interpretation of the two-way nature of the culture of understanding are analysed. The culture of understanding, being the condition and the result of social communication, contributes to both the regulation of peopleВ’s social behaviour and the structuring of the communicative space with the aim of reaching public agreement and mutual understand...

The fundamental value that has been brought by postmodernism as a general cultural phenomenon is pluralism. In philosophy, it is implemented as plurality of opinions and attitudes. In the art, it is plurality of styles. Jean-Francois Lyotard showed differences between the modern and postmodern science, namely in the manner of their legitimization. Modern legitimization through the great stories is overcome by post-modern advances in science and technology, accompanied by insurmountable differences and paralogies. ...

Postmodern discourse presented by authors like M. Foucault, J. F. Lyotard, J. Derrida, G. Deleuze, etc., contains the common ground resulting from the development of one line of thought, which advanced from the linguistically-oriented discourse of structuralism, over post-structuralism to postmodernism. The thesis that social relationships and linkages are formed by discourse is an essential prerequisite for understanding the way in which these authors analyse the society. The semiologic version of structuralism i...