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During the 18th century, the figure of great rulers such as the tsar Peter the Great of Russia or the king Charles XII of Sweden fascinated Western Europe. As a result, several treatises were dedicated to the two rulers whose paths crossed several times, amongst which Voltaire's Histoire du Charles, roi de Suede, Rouen, 1731 and a work in 6 books by the Greek-origin scholar Antonio Catiforo, Vita di Pietro il Grande, imperador della Rusia, Venice, 1736. These works reached the Romanian principalities (Moldavia, Wa...

The paper regards the subjective dimensions of the historical memory of World War II as represented in Latvian autobiographical writing. The selected authors, Anita Liepa, Sandra Kalniete and Mara Zalite, belong to the generation of children who witnessed the events of the war in the territory of Latvia and its consequences – deportations of Latvian citizens to Siberia in 1941 and the evacuation of Latvian people to Germany in 1944. In their autobiographical narratives they focus on their family story, bringing ...

This article represents an attempt to reconstruct the history of societal forms of organization and development of research in physics on the example of Tomsk Interuniversity Coordination Council and Tomsk Council of University rectors. This research is based on both published and unpublished sources. 1960-1970s became a period of rapid development of scientific-technical progress and groundbreaking research in physics. Main fields and research results are analyzed, an assessment of contribution of Tomsk Interuniv...

Despite the fact that he had renounced the throne several times , because of his love affairs, King Carol II of Romania enjoyed, ever since he had ascended to the throne , on 8 June 1930 – Restoration Day – the full support of the people and of the political class. Without doubt, his love affairs still echoed in their minds. His separation from Elena of Greece, but especially the continuation of his relationship with Elena Lupescu as his partner were details which neither the Romanian nor the foreign press cou...

On the basis of both published and unpublished sources this article reconstructs the history of societal forms of organization of science in Siberia in 1960s. This problem is analyzed through the case study of Tomsk Interuniversity Coordination Council. This council was established in 1967 and became the first in its kind societal form of consolidation of scientists and universities. Further on the all-Union association of university rectors was established on its basis. The article examines causes of emergence of...

Humbert of Romans (OP) was the fifth master general of the Dominicans. Among other things he wrote a treatise on the preaching of the Holy Cross (De predicatione sancte crucis), allegedly in 1266-1268. This is the only known “textbook” for the preachers of the crusades in Palestine, actually preserved in 23 manuscripts and one early printing. Among these manuscripts there is a “short version” with an independent manuscript tradition that had been unknown before. Furthermore, the manuscript tradition is int...

The article examines aspects of the rural world in Bihor County between 1947-1949, covering the last years before the collectivization of the agriculture. Every year of this period has it's own characteristics, but the aproach of these sequences is a complex one, combining technical, administrative and legal details with elements of mentality and people's reactions regarding the evolution of the political landscape. The core of the presentation is composed of details about the agricultural campaingns, the first fo...

The article deals with the issue on the Catholicism and Sunni Islam role in the Italian fascism and German National Socialism ideological coordinate system at the turning point of the Second World War. The methodological procedures of the research constitute a complex approach comprising the components of both rational and civilizational approaches. The theoretical and methodological procedures include system and dialectical approaches based on the principles of logical realism and objectivity. The research has re...

In Hungary, after World War II, a democratic political system was tried to be built. This change meant in the field of culture and education, the society was given the opportunity to self-organisation and self-activity. That was the era of Free-Culture. Earlier, between the two world wars, in the era of the adult education and general education was controlled centrally. Cultural programs were primarily organised by state organs and functionaries. After 1945, however, society took it over. Even in the smallest vill...

The aim of the paper is to study Stuart noblewomen's perception of their social experience and position in society through analysis of the famous female writer M. Cavendish's utopian novel †The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World' (1666). The method of studying women's history through the eyes of women and various forms of their cultural self-representation, including writing, can prove fruitful here. .Close reading of female literature allows us to see women's attitude to their daily routine, t...

Between 6 and 8 of June, 1936, Bucharest hosted the meeting of the three Little Entente heads of state, Edvard Benes- president of Czechoslovakia, Prince Paul, the regent of Yugoslavia and King Carol II of Romania. On this occasion, the three leaders proposed a unique Alliance Pact between France and the Little Entente, directed against any potential aggressor, and at the same time, a unique command of the three armies. In addition, King Carol II and Edvard Benes went on a cruise on the Danube, an event which was ...

Bread is the staff of life. This saying is true for Russia, where bread has always been considered the symbol of wealth and prosperity, and referred to as the gastronomic brand of many Russian cities. Kalach, a round shaped wheat bread, is the representation of Saratov, “bread capital” of the Volga region. This fact was the basis for the city's high status in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century and still forms the image of Saratov. Analysing the local guidebooks and area study materials of differe...

One of not enough studied themes of WWI is the Ententes ambitions and projects about Cilicia during the war. Cilicia is situated on the north-eastern coast of the Mediterranean. It was under Ottoman rule and was included in Adana and Aleppo provinces in the eve of War. It occupied a strategically important position; it was on the way of Berlin-Bagdad railroad, it was rich in minerals and fertile fields. Cilicia was settled with Christian majority. This rich and strategically important region was attracted Great Po...

In this work was done an analysis of the evolution of the attitude towards national minorities in the political thought of the national labor movement in Poland in the years 1920-1937. Attention was focused particularly on the solutions of this problem, proposed by this movement`s activists. The problem was one of the most important internal problems of the Polish State in the discussed period. Complexity of this issue resulted from a large number of national minorities, their big quantity in the population struct...

During the First World War, the Battle of Megiddo (19-25 September, 1918) was decisive on the Palestinian front, and the Turkish army was crushed. After this defeat, the Turks and Germans could not demonstrate an organized resistance. General Allenby's Egyptian Expeditionary Force liberated Lebanon, Syria, and Cilicia from the Turks. The operation had been planned very secretly and organized brilliantly. The cavalry and air force worked together closely during the battle. The Eastern Legion of the French army took...

Geographical terminology due to its active use in business and daily activities is one of the most important components of dialect vocabulary. The study of semantics and semiotics of the nomination of landscapes in the languages of indigenous peoples of the North-East of Russia (on case of Yakutia) provides the ability to compare different representations of the natural world, to identify the dynamics of change in the vision, representation and use of the surrounding landscape. The exploration and development of v...

Frontier interethnic relations take different forms due to many factors defined by a peculiar frontier stage or a phase. There are three frontier stages that differ from each other. They are early frontier, active frontier and postfrontier. One of the markers that can help to mark out a concrete stage of it is a role of interethnic gender relations. They can be presented in various forms, mainly through such terms as acceptance, negation and as a norm. On the early frontier the interethnic marriage is acceptable a...

The paper aims to analyse Leo Tolstoy†s and Fyodor Dostoyevsky's versions of Christian worldview and their impact on both the main streams of Russian religious philosophy and the Western philosophy. Both writers denied two essential ideas of orthodox Christianity: the idea of the radical sinfulness of man and the opposition of the earthly world and the transcendental, divine world (Paradise). In the opinion of Dostoyevsky, Jesus expresses the ideal of the individual human perfection, performed in earthly life; e...

Information presented to readers of guidebooks complies with certain educational, commercial and ideological guidelines. This fact can scarcely be noticed while analysing the materials created in the years of stability, but is clearly observed when studying the data recorded in the years of crucial political and governmental changes or revolutions. The article analyses the transformations taking place in the sphere of tourism in Russia after the Revolution (1917) that occurred due to the new State's doctrines. Rus...

The paper examines the problem of relations between philosophy and authorities in Russia. On several examples its authors demonstrate that prohibition is a universal strategy used by authorities when they have to deal with certain philosophers, or the whole philosophical schools, or even philosophy itself. When the authorities impose a ban on some cultural processes or elements of culture it results in rearrangement of unprohibited elements of culture and profound changes in general. In the introduction we discuss...

The methodology of modern cognitive linguistics faces the urgent question of symbolic means aimed at expressing the knowledge, which is not used directly in specific acts of communication, but still plays an important role in the life of the ethno-cultural community. The article considers a symbol as one of such means, as a linguo-philosophic category that serves to correlate the significant with the designatum, the inner meaning with its external form, the individual with the universal. The aim of research is to ...

The history of happiness in the European Enlightenment is well researched and studied. In eighteenth-century Russia the problem of happiness was also one of the central philosophical issues of the time, as were questions about the meaning of human life and human nature. Nevertheless, the concept of Russian happiness was on the periphery of humanitarian thought. This paper deals with philosophical aspects of happiness presented in eighteenth-century Russian literature; the main goal of the article is to identify th...

The paper analyses the background LotzeВґs philosophy, which influenced the definition of the value. Lotze is primarily the eclectic. He is inspirited by Hegel, Kant, Leibniz but by romanticism and realism. He uses the methodology of philosophy, history, medicine, but also psychology. The results of his eclecticism are so diverse, that after him there was no school of followers. Lotze has not commented, what is the nature of value. Therefore, we do not find the definition of value in the form of the thesis in a pa...

This article aims to clarify and emphasize the importance of general and essential characteristics that constitute the definition of man in philosophical anthropology. The methodology used is based on the tradition of the essential approach in the conception of man, and it is associated with a consistent application of a holistic approach. The question †What is man?' and the associated definition is not the issue of the individual existence; it is an attempt to find common characteristics of humans. The holistic...

Mircea Eliade's ideas developed in the scientific and literary works had considerable influence over the past century, both among historians of religions, imposing the discipline that he promoted in many prestigious universities from America and from around the world, and among other researchers in related fields of the history of religions. The question today is about what is left of Eliade's work after a careful analysis according to the grids of thought of our century. The question that has not yet found a defi...

Even, as well as other nations, traditional lifestyle, worshiped fire. According the belief of the Evens, the spirit of fire was called - Tov hinkenni (hinken muhon), consulted with him, "treated" after a successful hunt, or have been asked to them luck to home and the spirits of the locality took them well. The hearth was located in the midst of the tent, and in the way, hunting or fishing for cooking a fire was near the tent. Fireplace served as the sacred center of the home, the abode of the spirits of the hous...

A person who can be, in fact, indifferent to the values is often termed as to be tolerant. In contrast, Thomas Aquinas was on the opinion that every moral act, including the act of tolerance, rises from virtuous dispositions, and thus from internalized values. The aim of this paper is to discover and emphasize the importance of the thesis about the connection of virtues for proper understanding of the concept of tolerance in Thomas Aquinas. All virtues are connected on the natural plane in the prudence and through...

Cross-cultural relations in the frontier area are distinguished by specific characteristics and complexity, due to the fact that frontier itself is a heterotopic space. There is no conventional typology of this type of relations that could be applicable to any Russian frontier (the Low Volga Region, Siberian, Caucasian, etc.). The article proposes original variant of cross-cultural communication typology of the early frontier of the North Caucasus region. We have identified three types of cross-cultural contacts: ...

This paper critically analyses the theory of a world-renowned French philosopher, urbanist, and cultural theorist Paul Virilio. In this text, the focal point for Virilio is the character and condition of picnolepsy. What is picnolepsy? How has it been produced, arranged, and used over the centuries in human cultures? Virilio's book The Aesthetics of Disappearance is thus a book about how ancient, modern, and postmodern human cultures behave toward perceptual stability and breaks, photography, technology, conscious...

Nowadays music comprises a vital element of individually shaped acoustic human environment and appears in the public space, often as an acoustic wallpaper imposed on a listener. The aim of the paper will be to present the most significant aspects of the debate on the presence of background music in the public space in Poland, initiated in the 1960s by one of the major composers of the 20th century – Witold Lutoslawski (1913-1994) and recalled in 2013 (in the year of celebration of the centenary of his birth). Hi...

The relations between NATO and Ukraine have been discussed in scholarly literature for the two last decades. This issue obtained new dynamics after the 2014 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which had led to the annexation of Crimea and occupation of the eastern parts of the country by Russian army and forces controlled by Russia. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2014, NATO condemned the Russian policy on many occasions, provided Ukraine with diplomatic support and launched several programs that were supposed t...

According to a survey of Pew Research Center, 34\% of the US population has radically revised its policy for online behavior in favor of caution and concern about the safety of personal information. They did this after a series of network disclosures over the past 2 years. It is worth mentioning that 54\% of respondents say the inaccessibility of effective tools of network security and refer online protection to the peculiarities of the IT-professional's behavior. Our research does not apply to the field of protes...

Russia is one of the few countries in the world where life expectancy in the mid-2010s is the same as in 1960 or even lower. The leading causes of death are cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms, and external causes. This paper provides a summary of key aspects of mortality fluctuations in Russia since 1980. Adverse health behaviors responsible for excess deaths are identified. One of the aspects of the problem is a high level of premature mortality in the working age. The paper presents results of assessme...

Anxiety affects thinking, perception and learning and it can cause distortion of perception, reducing the power of concentration and the associative and evocative memory. Anxiety is one of the most common disorders encountered in clinical practice. Anxiety disorders have a significant impact on everyday life, causing the affected person to suffer greatly. Anxiety can be perceived as an inexplicable feeling of impending doom, as an unfounded and exaggerated concern related to everyday life or as an unjustified fear...

Sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices are well-established as being good for business — they're not just a public relations exercise. They tend to result in increased operational efficiency, reduced waste and increased product differentiation, which help improve business processes and profitability. Family businesses stand to gain even more, as these practices lead to more family pride, family unity and cohesiveness, which in turn have positive effects on business growth and profitab...

Romania has amongst the highest income inequality in the European Union, one of the most important dimension of this inequality being between rural and urban population of Romania. This paper is a descriptive attempt of highlighting the roots and the social consequences of this inequality, using data from National Institute for Statistics, but also Eurostat data. First, the article analyze the property structure as one of the sources of wealth and income in the rural areas, and concludes that the consecutive land ...

The paper deals with the social policy, social assurance and indicators of social help for seniors. It is about the period of senior age of human being. It refers to phase of aging process of life, its specifics and possibilities of meaningful seniority. We point out social status, position of seniors in society. We emphasize the quality of life from the point of view of health and social accuracy, full-value use of time, leisure, education. We think about active and healthy aging of seniors. The period of seniori...

The article touches upon one of the approaches to the solution of the problem of stable eco-economic development due to the implementation of the health risk concept. The methods of risk management allow us to take managerial decisions aimed at reduction of anthropogenic impact on the environment, providing relevant health care effects and not causing significant decrease of economic efficiency of business activities. The authors developed an assessment algorithm for health risks caused by industrial emissions. Th...

The analysis of companies' financial situation represents one of the main problems within organizations. Bankruptcy risk has determined financial analysts to develop analytical models in order to eliminate or minimize this risk. Among the most important assessment models of financial risk there are Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis and Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA). Based on the MDA, Altman [1] developed a method for estimating the risk degree of an organization in terms of bankruptcy, ca...

In this paper the authors focus on the problem of portfolio selection based on Mean Absolute Deviation risk measure. They try to design new model based of the idea of event tree. It means, that the investor make the decision in every state of investment separate and hold the portfolio from previous period, or change the portfolio. So the investor can optimize the decision on the financial market. The biggest advantage of this model is, that the solution can be never worst like the solution, we get with standard op...

A.V. Morozova's article deals with the development of Art criticism and Spanish Art research in Russia starting from the middle of the 19th century up to the beginning of 20th century. This problem has been little studied in research literature on historiography so far. However, the knowledge of stages and factors of this development allows us to understand better the Spanish paining itself. Morozova compares the ideas of various authors of the time under study who speculated on Spanish art of the Golden Age repre...

The breakdown of the empire statehood and the establishment of soviet statehood in Russia were accompanied by the revision of the social roles of many members of the society and communities, including the university teaching community. The article is devoted to the crisis of the corporate identity of the university lecturers in Russia in the first years after the revolution (1917 – early 1920's.). According to the authors the crisis was caused by various factors. Firstly, if at the past, pre-revolutionary, socia...

Evaluation is one of the important strategic instruments for obtaining feedback and testifying to the functionality of the management system of research and development (R&D). Based on evaluation results, top representatives generally make decisions and then allocate and redirect funds to support public research in educational institutions. The intentions of science policy, proposals for priority directions of research, reform of the system of R&D and the reorganization of educational institutions are subsequently...

In most educational systems, school grades and grades obtained at national exams represent two basic indicators of academic success. Given the role that emotions play in student learning and achievement, it is important to understand the role that previous academic results and the perceived importance of grades to be obtained in future exams, play in the activation of students' academic emotions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations among students' previous grades, the perceived importance...

The purpose of this paper is to explore aspects influencing habits of information exchange in Latvian competitive environment. The study on implementation of competitive intelligence management in companies indicated the trends that employees of Latvian enterprises lack motivation to exchange information. Tasks of the study were to explore on the basis of the review of scientific sources and study aspects influencing habits of information exchange in Latvian organisations. For this particular study, the focus grou...

In the context of the increased incidence of psychic disorders and of man's need for healing, three psychotherapy Schools were developed in Vienna: 1) Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalitic School, whose deterministic theory is related to the principle of pleasure and which, consequently, speaks about the will to pleasure; 2) Alfred Adler's Individual Psychology School, which refers to the will to power; and 3) Victor Frankl's Logotherapy School, underlining the will to meaning. Along with these Schools, the accent has la...

The existence of many cultures and religions is a fascinating phenomenon which continuously raises questions. This is an inspiring phenomenon, stimulating intellect and emotions. This is a phenomenon which reveals old conflicts as well as instills joy and hope. In the past, all religions were isolated from each other and their convergence was impossible. Today, more and more often, their authentic interest in each other can be noticed. To a higher degree than in the past, symptoms of a mutual exchange of ideas and...

Emigration represents both an opportunity and a challenge for the EU. International migration is growing in scope, complexity and has a serious impact - both positive and negative - on the EU and the Member States. Migration is a complex process with a multinational character that cannot be managed unilaterally or bilaterally only, but through an effective management beneficial to everyone involved and considering its changing characteristics. Within this context, the migration policies of countries change dependi...

As the title implies the article deals with works of Video art based on paintings of Renaissance epoch. It is spoken in detail about works of Hermine Freed, Bill Viola, the group AES+F. Much attention is given to the detailed analysis of links between paintings and their video transformations. The article shows parallels in composition, color schemes, semantic and formal transformations.

Cultural landscape is the environment where the totality of elements created by both a human and nature interact. This landscape demonstrates the development of the society over time. It testifies to the symbiosis of social, economic and cultural processes. Evidence of different historical events and of social life in various epochs, cult and memorial objects co-exist in the landscape. Historically more significant and valuable environmental elements created by a human acquire the status of a cultural monument or ...