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LINGUO-PHILOSOPHIC SUBSTANCE OF A SYMBOL
Abstract
The methodology of modern cognitive linguistics faces the urgent question of symbolic means aimed at expressing the knowledge, which is not used directly in specific acts of communication, but still plays an important role in the life of the ethno-cultural community. The article considers a symbol as one of such means, as a linguo-philosophic category that serves to correlate the significant with the designatum, the inner meaning with its external form, the individual with the universal. The aim of research is to show the cognitive-semiotic nature of a symbol through its relationship with an image, a word and a sign in terms of new ideas of mentalinguistics. To achieve this aim, the method of cognitive-hermeneutical analysis is used. During the study, we came to the following conclusion. An image expresses direct interaction between the speaker and a certain fragment of the world (or is stored in the linguistic memory as a trace of such an interaction). A word, fixing the image, turns it into an element of the common cultural communication system. A sign (in its narrow sense) indicates a certain cell of the linguistic consciousness, where the right words and phrases are stored. A symbol determines the direction to a thought, sets the target we are able to achieve using these phrases and words. The research results are of prime importance for the cognitive cultural linguistics, as it allows differentiating categories related, but still different. A symbol is nationally specific and motivated by semantic ties, which are established between the subject and the abstract elements of its content, and is similar to the signs of indirect nomination. An image serves as the foundation for symbols and signs. The embodiment of the image in a sign of indirect nomination (metaphor and idiom) is associated with linguo-creative thinking, as metaphors are able to generate new concepts within the linguistic worldview. The linguistic images are the products of В«visual generalizationВ» of culturally significant events and situations, which are particularly important for understanding the discursive idioms. Research methods. The study is carried out using authorial cognitive-semiological method [5], aimed at the comprehension of (a) the internal structure and the principles of development and functioning of signs-symbols, and (b) their gnoseological potential. Its main techniques are: a) comparative analysis of paradigm postulates; the main purpose of such comparison is to obtain secondary (derivative) information; b) hypothetical modeling (based on the hypothesis of regularities of verbal and cogitative process, which reflects the level of modern cognitive semiological knowledge and based on cause-effect relationships between the intension and real designation in speech-producing semiosis).
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