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MORTALITY IN RUSSIA: CAUSES, ECONOMIC LOSSES AND PRIORITIES ASSESSMENT FOR INCREASING LIFE EXPECTANCY
Abstract
Russia is one of the few countries in the world where life expectancy in the mid-2010s is the same as in 1960 or even lower. The leading causes of death are cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms, and external causes. This paper provides a summary of key aspects of mortality fluctuations in Russia since 1980. Adverse health behaviors responsible for excess deaths are identified. One of the aspects of the problem is a high level of premature mortality in the working age. The paper presents results of assessment of life expectancy losses and damage cost from decrease of life expectancy due to leading causes of death for 83 federal subjects of Russia. A new approach for assessment of the damage cost from the decrease of life expectancy is suggested. In contrast to the most existing approaches, based on the utility theory, this method is based on the use of the human development index. The damage cost from different causes of death is interpreted as the increase of the gross national income per capita, sufficient to compensate the decrease of life expectancy at birth, so that the human development index of a country remains constant. To identify preventable causes of death the difference between Russia and the countries of European Union is considered.
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