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The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of transaction costs in investment in renewables in Poland. The subject of the study involves investment in wind farms. The research concerns the years 2005 – 2017. The European Union has formulated specific goals for the development of renewable energy. Directive 2009/28 / EC of the European Parliament and the Council has set a target for the EU countries to achieve by 2020 a 20% share of energy from renewable energy sources (RES) in final gross energy consumpti...

Japanese tourists are increasingly more interested and travel around the Baltic Sea countries including Latvia, Estonia and Finland. Compared to Central Europe and West Europe, the Baltic Sea region is safer and offers varied tourism opportunities. High potential exists in the Japanese market for Latvia, Estonia and Finland, but exploitation requires development, redesign/adaptation and promotion of suitable products which take account of Japanese customs, culture, language and expectations. The challenges on the ...

Formation of goods range represents one of the main directions of enterprise commercial work which carries out selection of certain goods and offers this range in the market. Principle of production formation is reflection of demand features in assortment for target audience. In this case specific target audience is consumers who have similar criteria in individual characteristics and preferences. Full assortment analysis includes the use of several known and universal methods. Company can develop recommendations ...

In the museums of Moscow, St Petersburg and Veliky Novgorod we can find the best collections of fresco copies from the churches of Veliky Novgorod made at different times by experts from copying workshops of ancient Russian painting. Copies of the frescoes made in the temples before their loss, give an idea about the initial system of such ensembles as the paintings in the Saviour Church on Nereditsa, the Transfiguration Church in Kovalyovo, the Assumption Church in Volotovo. In this research we will focus on the ...

Games on chance make important part of the free movement of services within the European Union (hereinafter: EU) internal Market. Due to the development of technology, the online gambling is a fast developing activity in Europe. Since this activity can be provided by the Internet the market of the gambling industry practically doesn´t have physical limits. Different kinds of gambling services often operate across borders and can also operate outside the control of individual EU countries’ national authorities. Thi...

There are already abundant articles, studies, and even monographs that try - some with godliness, others with methodical acreditation - reconstruct the presence, work and contribution of the Romanian Orthodox Church as a whole or of its people to the fulfillment of fundamental national ideas such as the Unification of the Principalities, obtaining Independence or the Great Union of 1918. We can not neglect the importance of these scientific achievements, but we can say that some of them have been preoccupied to pr...

Economic environment is constantly witnessing a number of discussions about undervalued or overvalued cost of national currency and the impact of currency cost on the national economy and well-being. For this purpose multiple methodologies of calculating “base” (“fair”) value of national currency and its comparison with real current market value are widely used. Although, the most common method is considered to be the one, based on purchasing power parity, some other methods, such as “bigmac index”, “iphone index”...

The aim of this article is to provide with detailed analysis of the fiscal decentralization in the area of issuing debt, its realization and the impact on the Slovak cities during 2012-2016. Primarily, we will focus on the local self-governing level, which is in our conditions formed by villages and cities. One of the pillars of the fiscal decentralization in the decentralized self-governing unit is the scope of jurisdictions in the ability to borrow, and therefore also the regulation of these jurisdictions. If th...

Gold is one of the most desirable raw materials in the world. Mainly because of the unique aesthetic features. But it also has other advantages that can be useful in architecture, as evidenced by buildings in which it was used. The outer layer of the facade made of gold flakes or sheet provides not only exceptional reflections, shine and prestige but also guarantees high resistance to weather conditions. The main goal of the research is to present the possibilities of shaping the aesthetics of façades of architect...

The paper offers an analysis of the influence of the population ageing on the social insurance company expenditures in the Slovak Republic Regions. The explored dimensions comprise old age economic dependency index and ageing index. The population ageing represents a major issue for the social insurance system in the future. The methodology employed for the carried out analysis is the analysis of sensitivity in a form of the regression analysis for the panel data. The territorial aspect of the regression model is ...

The paper discusses the issue of the possibility of use and applying the latest technological achievements used to collect and display artifacts from the past. The increasing number of collected works and emerging newer areas of archaeological research, later transformed into museum centers, enforce the introduction of other means than physical storage and exhibition. It is becoming easier to show the huge collected material obtained during research and archaeological excavations with the help of several stations ...

In recent years, some Russian scientific journals have noted that the interest in texts and literature written in the language of the metropolis is becoming more and more topical in foreign (i.e., English-language) linguistics, and the scientific interest in the so-called 'Contact Literature' is growing as well. A well-known American scientist of Indian origin, the author of the term 'contact literature' Braj B. Kachru writes: "Language changes as a result of the contact of languages are not limited to grammar, vo...

Division of power as a base principle of construction of state power is a major precondition for establishment and construction of democratic and functional states in accordance with international acquitted standards and practices. Parliamentary control of the Government and the state administration bodies in front of Parliament is one of the characteristics of the parliamentary system. The Government of the Republic of Macedonia and its members for their work are responsible before the Parliament of the Republic ...

Circular megalithic structures can be found all over the world. Despite the great interest they arouse in scientists, the function and reasons for construction of many of them are still unknown. In this article we present general analysis of circular megalithic structures that date back to 4th – 2nd thousand BC as calendars and calculating devices which allowed the ancient to define and fix cyclic time patterns to spatial constructions. It lies at the base of our hypothesis of the principles of how these cultic me...

The area of attics and towers in historic churches in Europe are yet quite inaccessible places for visitors, shrouded in the atmosphere of mysticism, hiding many secrets. Introduction of the new public function into the non-used zones of the monumental sacral objects has many aspects including educational and cognitive ones which are discussed in the following article. The article indicates items that can be found in the zone above the vaults of temples - construction: roof truss, vaults, dormers, towers, windows;...

Recurrent annual regularities of the level of production and sales of hard coal in the Polish market result in the coal companies facing the surplus of production in the, so called, slack season, as well as shortages of coal in the season of increased demand for coal. At present mining companies solve this problem by outsourcing mining workers. However, this is not the most favourable solution because of the negative approach of the mine workers towards this kind of practices. Moreover, planning of employment is c...

The Vistula Delta is unique region of water domination. In this part of Europe, historic rural assumptions have been developing since the 12th century. Practically, it can be said that most of the systems were related to the coexistence of the human and the water element. Relations of water and land, developed specific types of villages such as a water-based village. Water landscape; polders, canals, dikes and rivers, hydro-technical constructions and drainage windmills were similar to Friesland in the Netherlands...

Behind the limits of this paper, we would like to single out the factors, in which the specific features of the vertical perception in the sound-music are most brightly reflected at the level of civilizational commonness. Figuratively speaking, the vertical aspect of the music text is capable of symbolically reflecting the model of the world specificity, formed within the framework of this or that civilization, and also the ways and character of people’s orientation in the surrounding world. The most indicative in...

Addressing urgent market problems in the course of implementation of the need to find business opportunities in today's economic reality actualizes the study of management marketing imperatives as basic requirements, underlying market growth of business structure. The necessary conditions for effective market management of business development process is implemented taking into account the need for harmonious interaction with consumers in the framework of the doctrine of consumer needs priority. The purpose of thi...

The novels of Yulia Voznesenskaya Cassandra's Path or Adventures with Macaroni (2002) and Lancelot's Pilgrimage (2003) make up a dilogy. Researchers usually determine its genre as orthodox fantasy. The action takes place during the last years before the Judgement Day, in the era of Antichrist. The author seeks to be a Christian missionary and uses a literary form that is appealing for young readers – first of all, this is an adventure story. The purpose of this paper is to reveal parallels between Y. Voznesenskaya...

After regaining independence, the homogenization of the education-centred system and the conceptions of upbringing, during the period of the Partitions determined by the political, cultural and social influences of the partitioning powers, became the task of Polish educational authorities. Political situation in our country, unstable at that time, and, changing in connection with that fact, the standpoints of the ruling parties, were finding reflections in the issues of education, including the matters of upbringi...

The aim of this study is to justify a classification of the Italian Renaissance paintings based on aspects of the educating function of linear perspective. The importance of the problem is in unrealized educating potential of linear perspective in the field of publication activity. Researchers mostly examine the mathematical aspect of linear perspective as the artist’s tool for modeling the three-dimensional world in two-dimensional pictorial art forms. However, reducing linear perspective to a technical device ca...

Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods. /Times New Roman, 12/ The paper studies the specifics of the functioning of the ancient Roman monetary system in the period of the late Republic and the early Empire. As a result of the expansion of the economic space that was due to the large conquests, disparities arose b...

Objective: The aim of this article is to analyze the factual effectiveness of investments realized with EU funds. The case study of a project implemented in the years 2004 - 2014 in Lower Silesia is analyzed. Methodology: The article analyzes the effectiveness principles included in the feasibility study of a given project, and conducts in-depth studies on actual performance, implying a macroeconomic situation. Using the comparative analysis it has identified deviations, their magnitude and source of origin. Resul...

Nowadays, design is defined as one of the main innovation tools and strategic approaches in the promotion of society’s welfare and well-being in many countries, including in the European Union. Design thinking as an innovation-promoting approach that incorporates a diverse range of methods for problem solving in different contexts and on different scales is successfully applied in the United States, Europe and Asia. The experience of other countries in the application of design approach and methods might prove to ...

This article is devoted to the empirical confirmation or refutation of an intuitively obvious assumption that more frequent words retain the inflectional type well, while less frequent words tend to change under the influence of analogy. This situation was confirmed in similar works during the study of verb unification process with an irregular declension in English and German: it was proved that the more frequent an irregular verb is, the more time it takes for it to transform into a regular one. However, the Rus...

Nowadays the debate on national character has become one of the central issues in the context of ever-growing globalization tendencies and the most recent expressions of nationalism. Contrary to the big nations that most often take for granted who they are, the Latvians have always dwelled upon the aspects of their identity and a range of issues associated with it. Being the “culture of a closed type”, i.e. an issue of an individual choice, Latvianness acquires also the features of the “culture of the open type” b...

Today, the global economy is in a state of transition from one technological mode to another, more advanced. According to various evaluation society will be the sixth technological way in 2020-2030 This situation has a significant impact on the processes of economic development of individual countries, particularly highly developed. The most significant phenomenon that characterizes this state of the world economy is the so-called digital economy. This was influenced by the active use of information and communicat...

Counseling is a separate scientific discipline that focuses on solving client’s problems and at the same time, attempts to increase client's competencies to solve these problems. The main part of implementation is to provide the client with sufficient information about the situation and to conclude their own decision. This paper will bring a closer look of the system of advisory bodies in the Czech Republic, especially in school practice. Firstly there is the theoretical anchor and the legislative framework which ...

There is no democratic system without free, general and fair elections. The sovereignty of the people in democracy is achieved through its participation in political decision-making and the right to choose democratic institutions, which are entrusted with the mandate to govern the country. Elections are the essence of democracy or the means by which it functions. Democracy in all its forms is based on the electoral system, which creates the governing structure of a country, assures the participation of citizens in...

The research of interethnic interaction in the educational environment is especially relevant given the global academic mobility processes. The universities all over the world enroll international applicants - representatives of different nationalities and ethnic groups, and this tendency is growing. In view of the above, the fundamental problem of the efficient collaboration of the representatives of different nationalities in global universities is highly pertinent. The article focuses on the analysis of the spe...

The object of the research is the comparative study of French and Russian idiomatic phrases. The study of idiomatic phrases in the process of learning a foreign language is an important element in learning this language. Idioms are one of the ways not just to learn foreign languages, particularly French, but to understand samples of expressive speech that contributes to broaden the mind. The article presents the lexical-semantic analysis of idioms of French and Russian and explores the similarities and differences...

The publication examines the history of state and legal regulation in the field of forming the revenue side of the treasury, the procedure for the work of the local authorities of the administration of regalia incomes in 1719-1724. A historical legal analysis of the special legal status of officials with powers in this area is conducted: representatives of the Chamber Chambers in the counties - Zemsky commissars, chamberers and renters. It is proved that civil servants in the field of finance in Russia in 1719-172...

The paper presents a synthesis of the fundamental elements characterizing the bank deposits and, in particular, the deposits of the non-governmental clients. The concept of deposit as a whole, the typology and the role of bank deposits are analyzed. The study started in this paper will continue with other researches in this regard. The methods used by the authors to support the research consisted of data collection, documentary analysis, graphic representation, classification, comparative analysis. Scientific rese...

The paper is referring to the design workshop as a method of developing various project proposals for the difficult urban site. The study case was an area of Ringön in Gothenburg, Sweden. Gothenburg is probably just before the major transitions of the river area. Former and present industrial sites separate the city from the waterfront. The Göta River is still dividing the public space, the landscape potential seems unused. Revitalisation of the Ringön became a topic of an international workshop for students in Ma...

The article examines the issue of improvement the personnel reserve formation and the tools for its implementation. Requests of the companies’ management systems for methodical provision of assessment of the costs recovery invested in formation of the personnel reserve are stated. Development of the structural and substantive content of the personnel reserve technology is characterized. The fundamental criteria, which analyze to determine whether or not specialists are fit for personnel reserve and diagnose of mot...

Background. This study is aimed to scrutinize the interrelation between satisfaction and concern with own appearance and subjective estimation of economic status that is considered as one of main predictors of life satisfaction. Resent research analyzes predominantly the role of real economic status on different aspects of human life including satisfaction and concern with own appearance [1], [3], [4], [6]. In contrast to mentioned studies our investigation is focused on subjective-comparative approach to economic...

This paper looks at the sequences found in the Romanian witness examination, and more specifically at the post turns following an adjacency pair. The speech event of witness examination is coherently organised in the form of minimal, two-turn adjacency pair sequences of questions and answers. Therefore, the adjacency pair is the basic unit of the sequential organisation, made up of a first pair part and a second pair part, a question and an answer in this case. Turns in a conversation are not single utterances, bu...

This article is a contribution to the discussion and analysis of the law-students’ English language writing skills necessary for effective legal analysis. This paper covers some linguistic issues of lawyer’s writing skills developed at law-students studying English at the Institute of Law, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University). The actuality and relevance of this paper is based on the need for adequately prepared lawyers competent to write a speech and various types of legal documents. The goa...

One of the trends in the development of the meat industry is the introduction into the production process of modern environmentally friendly energy-saving methods for processing raw materials and semi-finished products. At the present time, attention is paid to non-traditional physical principles of processing food raw materials - electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic fields, also and electrocontact and acoustic methods. These methods have such advantages as non-inertial operation of the equipment, reduction the d...

This paper orders the facts relevant to the functioning of Jewish schools in the city of a particular significance for Jews, considered to be 'the mainstay of Jews'. Jewish school-ing in Lviv in the times of the Austrian Partition of Poland reflects the principal prob-lems of Jewish schooling in 19th and at the beginning of 20th century, in Central-Eastern Europe. In the paper, (were indicated) three original stages of the formation of schooling among the Jews were indicated. The first of those stages was connecte...

The relevance of the research is explained by global socio-cultural transformations affecting all spheres of the Russian society life. These changes actualized the search for mechanisms to overcome social fragmentation due to the political, economic, religious, ethnic and other crises of our time. The desire of society to reach agreement, in the context of sociocultural unity, overcoming the narrowness of the boundaries of "merger", is now transformed into a more voluminous concept of "inclusion". Inclusion in soc...

The objects of the research presented in this article are the processes labeled by cultural, philosophical and sociological discourse as clustering of culture and society. The topic of research concerns one of many tendencies of large-scale sociocultural transformation, known as multi-elitism by the author. Cluster communities formed by information facilities, free information exchange (being an "estranged experience"), and by interpersonal communication interactions are defined in the work as "projective" forms o...

This paper considers error mechanics in architectural translation and representations. The investigation is based on two examples. First situation describes Italian architect Giacomo Leoni and published by him in instalments the first complete English language edition of Palladio's I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura, which Leoni entitled The Architecture of A. Palladio, in Four Books. Leoni’s publication became a main tool in spreading the essence of Palladio’s style among British and American architects. Original ...

In the article the author's model of fixing of young specialists at the regional labor market is presented. The main approach to a research presupposes accounting of different factors influencing the number of graduates, and the demand for them at the regional labor market. The dependence of market development of educational services on economical and demographic conditions of the region is revealed. The role of state regulation of education market and stimulation of need for a young personnel from business is pro...

The constant aspirations of mankind towards higher economic growth lead to a sharp consolidation of the geographic space, an increase in the raw-energy deficit and an increase in the world's water consumption. Migration policies during different historical periods are motivated by relevant political, economic and social circumstances. The worst migratory waves have been caused by world and regional wars. The salvation of human life, family and children has always been at the heart of the evolution of migration phe...

The aim of the paper is to determine the level of the lower body explosive power of older school girls. Regular population as well as girls playing various sports such as football, volleyball and handball were tested. The measurements were made in November 2017. The monitored parameters were the vertical jump T-flight length and the height of the vertical jump in the three tests. Diagnosis was performed using the Optogait jump ergometer. Basic statistical characteristics were used for data processing. In the final...

The development of science and technology in the modern world affects all aspects of human life. So, in connection with the emergence of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), the current concept of kinship is increasingly being questioned. In the process of assisted reproduction, biological materials are often used not only by people who wish to become parents, but also by other people (donors of sperm, ovum, etc.). That is, persons who are duly registered as parents of a child conceived with the help of ART m...

Introduction Between 2010 – 2013 there were 255 478 patients with brain stroke in the Czech Republic (app. 2% from the Czech population). According to the WHO, in 2012 (the latest data) 6,7 million people all over the world died from stroke in 2012 (which represent 11,9 % of all deaths) – it can be called a silent [1]. This study is aimed at Coordinated Rehabilitation for people after brain stroke and it is supported by the Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia (reg. No. 138/20146/S) with topic “Coordina...

This article is devoted to the study of the results of empirical data considering young people who actively communicate using computer technologies and the Internet. There were applied methods of studying Internet addiction. Internet addiction is a modern problem caused by an easy access to computers and information on the Internet. Some types of disorders may develop within people who are addicted to the Internet. As a number of psychological researches indicate, the Internet often attracts people who are not sat...