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MIGRATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES FOR BULGARIA

Metodi Ivanov, K. Naydenov

Abstract

The constant aspirations of mankind towards higher economic growth lead to a sharp consolidation of the geographic space, an increase in the raw-energy deficit and an increase in the world's water consumption. Migration policies during different historical periods are motivated by relevant political, economic and social circumstances. The worst migratory waves have been caused by world and regional wars. The salvation of human life, family and children has always been at the heart of the evolution of migration phenomena. Migration policy is a relatively new part of the field of migration. Policies, at both Member State and European Union level, have faced within the last five years the lack of a systematized and reliable theory and strategy that outlines the orientations and solutions for dynamically growing migration challenges. New risks have emerged in Europe since the beginning of 2011, with a markedly visible tendency to leave European citizens from countries like Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Ireland and their permanent establishment in other regions due to the prolonged economic crisis in these countries and the high percentage unemployed with good educational and professional qualifications. Contrary to this trend, immigrants from Asia, Africa and other regions illegally invaded Europe with progressive prowess, which has an impact on the demographic picture of Europe. In Bulgaria, the birth rate in Bulgaria has reached the lowest levels since 1945 with the birth of 62,000 babies. In 2011, births of 71,000 babies were recorded. As of 31 December 2014, according to statistical data, the population of Bulgaria is 7 2002 198 citizens, which represents 1.4% of the population of the European Union. Compared to 2013, the country's population declined by 43,479 people. Bulgaria has a major problem because, according to World Bank estimates by 2050, its population will fall by over 40% and will have about 4.5 million people. These statistics do not take into account Bulgarian citizens who live permanently or permanently in the EU and abroad and their children do not bear Bulgarian names and do not have Bulgarian citizenship. There is an unpredictable and beyond the control capabilities of a refugee wave for Europe that does not have the necessary territory and conditions to shelter and integrate. The factual situation requires an adequate response of the international community and its authorities to prevent escalation, terrorist acts and the prosperity of cannabis. The increasing migratory pressure creates the need to redirect significant financial and organizational resources to address the situation and to avoid creating direct risks to the emergence of a humanitarian crisis.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/4.1/S18.045

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