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Primarily factor determining potential of power and impact of policy elite (force of elite) is recruitment of elite, i.e. selection of candidates.[11] Research of recruitment process of policy elite shows that there is a wide variety of criteria and ways how candidates for policy elite are selected and chosen. Moreover, importance and mutual hierarchy of these criteria have changed over time and there is no single theoretical standard for recruitment process. As the title of the article indicates, the focal point ...

After the economic crisis, all member states of the European Union have begun to take drastic measures to adjust national economies and to tackle the main problems that have affected and that still affect some countries, such as unemployment and in particular youth unemployment. Romania is one of the European Union countries that still faces this problem, despite the measures taken since the end of 2008. Although youth unemployment fell from 22.4% in Romania in 2014 to 21.7 % in 2015 reaching 2016 at 20.3%, Romani...

The article is devoted to the process of integration of the immigrants from the Central Asian post-Soviet states that dominate today in the flow of migrants to the Russian Federation. Demographic,economic,and socio-cultural areas of the immigration policy of modern Russia are considered while paying aspecial attention to the gap between a declared and de facto implemented policy. The authorsprove an urgentneed to stop the process of depopulation in some regions and in Russia as a whole; to overcome the shortageof ...

The purpose of the article is how use of marketing analyzes in political marketing. Research question: what marketing methods and analyzes are used in the creation of strategy and political marketing political in Slovakia. The methodology we use are current scientific studies and own research to identify which analyzes are used in practice, these findings are used to evaluate and create conclusions. The main objective is identifying and research marketing analysis to be used in Slovakia. We have identified which m...

After the fall of communism, in Romania, as in other Central and East European countries, there have been major social and economic changes that were reflected in the way citizens take part in the political life. Women’s involvement in politics is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon which follows very contradictory and sinuous trends: starting from a high rate of female participation in the political life during the communism (only as representatives, but not as decision-makers), to an abrupt drop in the 199...

Positivism has been the dominant paradigm across the social sciences. Its quasi-monopoly has been broken only in the last several decades when with the publication of Thomas Kuhn’s grounbreaking study The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), other meta-theoretical stances have managed to assert themselves. From the 1980s onwards, the field of International Relations (IR) has witnessed the emergence of a reflectivist current characterized by the embrace of post-positivism. Reflectivist theories – from postst...

The goal of the article is to examine and classify fundamental and specific factors of Russian spatial development in the context of increasing efficiency of the state spatial policy. The article gives a comparative analysis and a classification of urbanization processes in the Russian resource regions, points out the factors of urbanization, positive and negative effects of this process. The influence of urbanization processes on inter-regional social-economic asymmetry of regions was investigated by the example ...

The concern for the subject treated in this paper came from the perceptions generated by the impressive sequence of events on the international scene in which the speed, the diversity, the agglomeration and seriousness of events make not only the specialists in foreign policy and international relations analysis wonder which are the answers, how are the macro and micro decisions in international politics made, who are the actors and how do they react to such situations that affect our daily lives. We are witnessin...

During the last couple of months the Republic of Macedonia has been amidst a deep political crisis ever since the leader of the largest opposition party started publishing wiretapped conversations of the highest ranking authorities with the core of the countries government including those from the prime-minister, leaders of the political parties, key ministers and key representatives from within the secret services of the country. The affairs that has to do with many millions of dollars, abuse of power. Corruption...

Objective vision of the quality of working life contributes to a better adaptation when performing job functions. Education contributes much to understanding by young people about the quality of working life. The purpose of the study is in formulating the important practical and theoretical problem, namely how the status of the quality of working life affects decision-making in groups of graduate students in favour of choosing an educational path or job speciality. In the proposed article, the authors continued to...

The article is dedicated to the analysis of an appearing progress in establishing peace between the government of Colombia and an insurgent group called FARC. The recent events allowed one of the most long-lasting active conflicts to arrive much closer to its' end that the whole international community has been waiting for. With the participation of both Latin American neighbors and countries from outside of the region, Colombian officials and freedom fighters could finally shake hands, seize fire and start develo...

The article discusses the political aspects of migrants’ integration on the example of Sverdlovsk region of the Russian Federation. The author pays special attention to the study of integration of migrants from Central Asia as one of the most numerous and, however, different from the local population category of migrants. From the point of view of the author, given the border location of the Sverdlovsk region in relation to the Central Asian States, as well as the high level of its economic development, making the...

The events of the recent years, that have taken place in the countries of North Africa and Middle East ("Arab spring"), update the safety issues of regional and global unions’ activity, in particular the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Therefore, the problems of nuclear safety, along with fighting terrorism, extremism and drug traffic are of first-rate importance at the annual summits of SCO, what is reflected in the documentary and legal base of the organization. Besides, various mechanisms of SCO are be...

The draft of “The Conception of State Policy in the Religious Sphere for 2017-2020” was developed in Kazakhstan on behalf of the Head of State, but it has not yet been approved by the Parliament. Nevertheless, it is obvious that it will be rubber-stamped, like most other documents initiated by the President. The purpose of this paper is to analyze what changes in the sphere of social relations and, in particular, in the religious situation in the country, this conception embodies. Methodology. In the course of the...

The concept of “hybrid” (from lat. «hibrida» - admixture), which is very common in botany and zoology, is difficult to refer to the international law. In the conventional sense it means an organism or an organule that originates as a result of breeding of genetically different forms. But nevertheless this definition stably settled in political sciences to determine one of the society conditions – a warfare that may have a hybrid character which means using military and non-military tools in an integrated campaign ...

This article raises issues related to development of a modern state’s foreign policy in the context of intensifying the processes of economization of foreign policy and politicization of economy against the background of globalization transformations. In this regard, economic type of diplomacy as smart power allows medium and smaller nations to participate in international processes with maximum efficiency. Special part of the article is dedicated to reviewing the influence of globalization on strengthening the ro...

The goal of this paper is to describe and analyze the ‘Brexit’ and its potential impact on the United Kingdom and the European Union. Any discussion of a Brexit should be set against the backdrop of an increasingly convulsive European landscape. The merits and shortcomings of the European Union should be judged not in isolation, but through the lens of their implications upon a broader postwar European order that Britain has helped to build and sustain for nearly seven decades. US strategic retrenchment, Germany's...

The article focuses on the integration implementation in Central Asian region. The integration process is perceived through the concept of positive and negative integration based on works of Jan Tinbergen. The goal is to show the role of interregional organizations such as the European Union (the EU), the Eurasian Economic Union (the EEU), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (the SCO) and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (the CSTO) in promoting Central Asia as the whole region. Such cooperation falls ...

The current arguments based on the alleged “unusual size structure” of the Czech agriculture resulted in regulation by Act No. 395/2009 Coll., on Significant Market Power in the Sale of Agricultural and Food Products and the Abuse thereof and Act No. 50/2016 Coll., amending the Act No. 395/2009 Coll. which was issued on 13 January 2016. The article focuses on the research – when and under what circumstances concentrated economic structure of the Czech agriculture was created. It is the purpose of this article to s...

This article is devoted to the actual problem of transformation of foreign policy strategy of China in Eastern Asia during the last years. The main aspect of Chinese policy in the region are domination of economic approaches and practical embodiment of “soft power” concept. China seeks to transfer reviews about problematic points in economical interaction with the region`s countries and decisions about territorial disputes from the multilateral level to bilateral level, furthermore actively counteract to the polic...

The Gypsies are one of the most controversial ethnic groups. Periodically the actions of Gypsies (including their individual representatives) cause such violent surges of discontent that can be settled only by law enforcement authorities. For example, in August 2016 in Ukrainian village of Loschinovka there were pogroms of houses inhabited by Gypsy families, in response to the murder of a local girl by a Gypsy; in March 2016, in Tula village of Plekhanovo enforcement authorities were engaged in connection with the...

A migration is effect that executes us through the whole history of human race. Although the Slovak Republic belongs to countries with lowest numbers of immigrants the number has an ascendant trend at the present. That is the reason why we should direct our interest to this issue in Slovakia. The intention of this work task is to describe the situation to immigrants, and to find out the opinions of residents in western Slovakia about immigrants. We used the questionnaire for collecting data. The research samples w...

Europe has long been a popular destination in global migration waves, the Mediterranean operating as the main route for African or Middle East migrants. This is maybe one of the oldest routes of connection in human history, going back to the Iron Age and the empires of Antiquity. At the very moment, 7 million people are displaced in Syria and in Afghanistan, 4 million refugees are in Jordan, Turkey and Lebanon and many more are about to come to Europe. Immigrants often have a positive impact on their host society,...

The article is devoted to a very urgent problem of political and economic settlement of the situation in Afghanistan in the context of multilateral cooperation with the SCO countries. Since the 2014 NATO withdrawal from Afghanistan the situation in the country has become aggravated, the Taliban are trying to challenge the Central government in Kabul through both repeated terrorist attacks and seizure of some mountainous regions of the country. Taking into account the current strata’s support of terrorists in Afgha...

The paper is devoted to a geopolitical and geo-economic interest of China in the Arctic Region, as one of the main trends in the modern Chinese foreign policy is transformation of political and economic grounds of today’s world order. The presented research is targeted at finding and revealing causes of the given trend. The main methods of research for this trend are observation, review and classification of articles on this problem, statistical data analysis, methods of generalization and forecasting. The paper r...

The objective of this paper is to show Milton's republican vision and the purpose for which republican system was to serve. According to John Milton the Christian alternative to monarchy was to be a free Commonwealth; no other system could free people from the state of slavery in which they were supposed to live, neither could it better secure their freedoms. The republican vision of political order was most precisely delineated in his treaty “The Readie and Easie Way to Establish a Free Commonwealth” (1660). Milt...

In the article potential possibilities and real successes of Russia in the mastery of the Arctic, first of all in the energy direction, are examined. Structural components of the article are the role of Russia in the mastery of the Arctic; the basic directions of international collaboration, in which Russia is interested under the conditions of geopolitical instability in the XXI century. In the light of numerous economic and political risks the author stimulates attention in the eastern foreshortening of the Arct...

Political socialization of indigenous minority of the North has social, economic and psychological features. This process [political socialization] is a part of their global problem of integration into modern society, including its social and political structure. At the same time the process of national self-identification increasing should be noted. There are losses of quality of political socialization and involvement of indigenous minority of the North in this process as a result of political socialization most...

While distancing themselves from Eurosceptic views, major findings have been critical in their assessment of certain theoretical approaches that have focused on various scenarios of the reconstruction of the European institutional framework through modification of the economic, political and social subsystems. To put it more specifically, individual perspectives proposed by European intellectual opinion leaders, such as Ulrich Beck and Jürgen Habermas, have offered different solutions for their improvement. When p...

Over the past twenty-thirty years, innovations have received increasing attention. The complication and fast progress of the current innovation-driven economy requires national governments to develop new directions for innovation governance. Global trend demonstrates that developing nations are no longer lagging in their efforts to improve innovation performance, but have become leaders. The aim of this paper is to provide an integrative framework for the comprehensive understanding of the innovation governance in...

Studying of socio-pedagogical and psychological issues of foreign students adaptation in Russian higher education institutions allows to determine the contradictions between: the demand of organization of educational support in first year of training that effectively promotes social adaptation and immaturity of these issues in higher school pedagogics; the demand of Russian higher education system in theoretical developments on issues of social adaptation of foreign students and the lack of educational background;...

In the European vector, the Kingdom of the Netherlands certainly plays a key role and is one of the main political and trade and economic priorities in the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in September 1992, Kazakhstan-Netherlands cooperation has been developing dynamically and fruitfully. Political relations between the two countries are actively developing. The relationship is characterized by its intensity and constructive dialogue; trade and economic...

The article deals with a current phenomenon that grows up in (not only) European politics and society today. The subject of my investigation, rise of the nationalist populism, is analysed in relation to the increase of the social poverty and (reconstructed) media picture of the migrant crisis. In the following text, the both causes (poverty and media) of the populism are linked with the neoliberal political ideology that is hegemonic nowadays. The analysis is primarily focused on examples from the Czech Republic b...

In the article the historical periods of accession and development by the Russian State of outlying lands of North-East Asia, administrative and territorial structure and social and economic parameters of the North-East of Russia as a major macroregion are shown. Its social and economic development during the Soviet era (1917-1990) and in the post-Soviet period (2013-1991) are considered more detailed. Regional characteristics that significantly affect the formation of the structure, efficiency and growth in the e...

According to a study conducted by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection in 2009, approximately 20.5 % of the population, or about 1.7 million people, were permanently ill but their daily workflows are not affected by their condition. Approximately one million people have health restrictions on their personal physical movement. This amounts to about 13 % of the Austrian population. 318,000 people have visual impairment, 218,000 have some level of hearing loss, and 205,000 s...

The article describes the main results of interdisciplinary studies on the development of a methodological approach to monitoring of migration flows in the regions of Siberia and the Arctic zone taking into account current and projected profession composition of settlements, the threshold characteristics of human behavior and institutional mechanisms that ensure the inclusion of monitoring (based on new methodology) in quality of life management system and development of a differentiated spatial policy of the coun...

The article considers the problems and prospects of foreign policy of Russia in the CIS. This region has traditionally been of high priority for Russia's foreign policy after the collapse of the USSR. At the same time, it is noted that for one and half decade after the collapse of the Soviet system, Russia's cooperation with the CIS countries was weak, and the integration initiatives were not convert into practice. The situation began to change in the mid-2000s. During the years 2009-2013 the integration processes...

This study deals with the concept of social tension and it potential in conflict diagnosis. There are two parts in the study. The first one describes the concept of social tension. The second one presents methodology of applied study of this phenomenon and results of representative survey which was conducted in 2015 in Saint-Petersburg. The notion of the social tension is quite often seen in connection with conflicts. Different elements of the concept of social tension are considered in the works of T. Parsons, M....

In 1990, Romania opted for an electoral system of proportional representation (PR) which remained in place until the 2004 elections. During this time, every electoral cycle had been marked by different reforms and/or amendments to the electoral law. The electoral reform from 2008 and the subsequent transition to an alleged single-member majority electoral system (SMP) – which still retained a major component of proportionality – occurred in an environment characterized by a sense of profound disappointment with th...

This paper analyzes a political phenomenon as a process of sequential information exchange which connects all groups of individuals in a dynamic system in space and time. The symbolic essence of information exchange assumes paramount importance in relation to political communications because symbols, representing imperiously significant meanings in texts, constitute grounds for identifying political objects in human perception. It is approved that in political context information is modified, constructing social m...

The main objective of economically well-performing enterprises nowadays is to be competitive. Providing services through outsourcing is a strategic move not only in private sector but also in the public sector. Strategic outsourcing is the process of engaging the services of a provider to manage essential tasks that would otherwise be managed by in-house personnel. Outsourcing of business activities and services is one of many new trends in business development, reducing costs and increasing quality belong to most...

One of the crucial moments of today´s global acceleration is systematic changes of international relations and potential role of regional organizations in this interactive process. This should be an opportunity not only for small and medium states, whose positions in international relations are increasingly marginalized. Interconnection of states, in particular for the needs of self-assertion in international relations, should therefore be a logical step for promotion the interests of states in politics. This is t...

The paper considers the first stage of Finland's Russification. The period from 1899 to 1917 is often characterized in the national historiography as a long period of forced russification and oppression. The main methods of research were: review, classification of historical documents and scientific articles on this subject, statistical data analysis, generalization methods. The policy of the Russian Empire towards the Grand Duchy of Finland in late XIX – early XX centuries was named Russification of Finland. It w...

The concept of Europeanization can be perceived as a phenomenon affecting all components of sub-national, national and multinational society, however, in the last period, most academics consider it more from the perspective of so called “bottom-down” approach, whose ambition is to explore the peace, form and dynamics of the impact of European integration on society as such. This means that European policies, European legislation, culture, values, and the very existence of the EU have a comprehensive influence on t...

Lobbying is a common phenomenon in absolutely any legal and political system. The Soviet system was not an exception. Lobbying in the Soviet Union had its own specific traits associated with the peculiarities of the political system and, consequently, with the special aspects of the political decision-making process. Besides, lobbying was not legally established in the Soviet Union. The article is focused on lobbying role in the business/government interaction. The author analyzes the history of lobbying developme...

The nature of the threats the residents in the Slovak Republic are facing at present has changed after joining the European Union and the North Atlantic Alliance. The cooperation and coordination of all these institutions has to work. The financial support of security and rescue forces has to be taken into consideration not only in the case of emergency but also during the problem solving preparatory period. Thanks to adequate financial support it was possible to create a good quality information system between se...

This paper provides a methodology for assessing sustainability performance by using financial reports of organisations. In this process, we applied Talcott Parsons’ AGIL paradigm, which is based on system theory and states that the continuity of a social system requires the balance performance between all four components of the system: adaptation (A), goal attainment (G), integration (I) and latent pattern maintenance (L) or values [1]. In her doctoral thesis, Roostalu proved that the AGIL paradigm constitutes a g...

Inequalities and disparities are essential parts of each society. However, the evolution in the first thirty years after WWII finally seemed optimistic in most spatial and social aspects. The last forty years of social evolution have been connected with vast developing polarization. The social dimension of current society is significantly changing not only in our country but also in whole Europe and other parts of the developed world. We live in the era when the demand for social and other securities is increasing...

Changes in the socio-economic and political environment after 1989, started the process of reform and decentralization of administration. This had a significant impact on the change in the approach to the urban policy formulation. Urban policy in Poland is growing in importance in the implementation of further steps in the process of reforming public administration in Poland. This is widely reflected in the assumptions of strategic documents mainly at the central level of public administration. The hypothesis is b...

The conceptuality of the term socialism as a very broad and definitely not closed issue in modern political philosophy. The content perspective of our work will therefore be split into three basic parts: introduction of the issue and historical overview of theories, opinions and directions of socialism in the past, presented by the most prominent authors - qualified specialists; in the second part we will focus our attention on many controversial, but also immanent terms closely related to the development of socia...