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Many years of mainly European experiences in economic integration offer a vast empirical background revealing a closer link between benefits and achieved stages of integration. The largest benefits of market integration stem from: size of the internal market of the integrating area and the scale of production, increased competition, liberalization of merchandise and service trade as well as factors of production flows, fragmentation of technological processes and specialization, but also competition law and policy...

The article is devoted to the problems of correlation between International Humanitari-an Law and International Human Rights Law, mainly to investigation of two viewpoints on the issue. International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law are by themselves two different but mutually complementary branches of International Pub-lic Law. Both are aimed at ensuring protection life, health and human dignity. Whereas International Humanitarian Law is implemented solely in situations of armed conflicts, Inte...

The country's public debt – a multifaceted characteristic of the economic situation of the country. The statistics of public debt of the Russian Federation for 10 years was reviewed in the article. The study identified several reasons to doubt the validity of the magnitude of the debt burden for the Russian economy. It was concluded that in current Russian conditions a peak of decision-making on the debt had been reached. Over the past four years the debt has increased 2.3 times, while the state guarantees increas...

Ukraine, more specifically the ongoing armed conflict on its soil still attracts a lot of attention. There are still many unanswered questions that might help us understand why conflict started and how long will it last. One of the most important things is to remember that the crisis in Ukraine is multidimensional thus there are many reasons for the current situation and there is no easy solution. In this paper, we mainly concentrate on military issues. The main aim of this article is to find out how deep is the i...

Finding ways to fund the sustainability transition in a difficult financial climate is challenging. Since the sustainability transition depends on successfully increasing individuals' well-being, we suggest a new decentralized paradigm to facilitate the transition to a sustainable future. A decentralized business model emphasizes decentralized control over livelihood resources (natural resources, energy, finance, knowledge, networks) and supports individuals’ autonomy, relatedness and competence. While adverse eff...

The present paper is an applied contribution to the analysis of international capital flows. International capital flows play a central role in the global economy; they are closely tied to countries' economic and financial conditions, can influence macroeconomic policy, and bring a range of benefits and risks to beneficiaries. This paper describes the patterns of international capital flows in Russia (a sample of a big emerging market (BEM) economy) in the period 2000?2016, focusing on the last decade. The paper r...

Third-countries migration is considered to be the security threat to the receiving countries. This hypothesis is widely accepted mostly by the public in the receiving states. However, there are only few scientific studies aiming to verify the hypothesis. With missing evidence that would confirm or deny the theory, securitization of the topic in the EU and particularly in Slovakia as a country with limited immigration history raises. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the nexus migration-security more deeply and...

The paper aims to investigate the existence of a positive feedback process between managed aggregate equity fund flows and equity fund excess returns in short-term and long-term period using monthly data from high- and middle-income EU economies for the time span from January 2000 to December 2016 and to perform subsequently international comparison of the obtained results with existing evidence from other regions or groups of advanced and emerging economies of the world.

Trends in the Russian stock market are influenced by various internal and external factors, including economic, social, climatic, etc. Among the internal factors usually distinguished: the state of the national economy, industrial production, unemployment, high-volume issuance of government debt securities, increased the total volume of the issue of securities, payments crisis, the national currency exchange rate, trade balance, the size of the key rate, etc. By the significant external factors affecting the forma...

The Hungarian Act on Criminal Procedure in force (hereinafter: Act) was modified by the Hungarian Legislator in 15th of September, 2015. The reason of this modification was that the illegal crossing of border and the related acts were declared as criminal offences by the legislator at the same time in the Hungarian Criminal Code. These criminal offences are: illegal crossing the closing of border, damaging the closing of border and hindering the building of closing of border. The aim of the Hungarian Government to...

This article is a summary of recent happening in the Middle East concerning Iran, Iraq, Syria, Somalia, Libya, Yemen and their connection, international relations, politics and economics. It gives a glimpse into the world of the tensions in the Middle East. The article is about international political dysfunction, financial interest and the debt that destroys the global economy and the financial system. This article tries to highlight why it came to the present status and gives a review of the past situations that...

This article analyzes the innovation and technological sphere and the processes of modernization of the Arctic regions of Russia. A classification of Russian regions is undertaken, with division into four clusters. The first cluster is represented by the Russian regions encompassing Arctic territories: Murmansk region, Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets and Chukotka autonomous districts, Arkhangelsk region, Krasnoyarsk region and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The second, third and fourth clusters take into account different...

The purpose of research - analysis of the concept of "health protection " in the Russian and international laws and regulations from the standpoint of compliance with the fundamental concepts of the law in the field of human health. The study authors was based on formal legal (normative-dogmatic) method, comparison method, logical method, the method of induction and generalization. In addition to these methods, as a specific research methods used linguistic interpretation, as well as studying the etymology of the ...

The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Macedonia in the process of decision making, regularly bases its decisions on the constitutional principles of separation of powers, rule of law, equality and non-discrimination, free elections and political pluralism, human rights and freedoms, freedom of the market, humanism, social justice and solidarity, as well as other principles. These principles are explicitly laid down in the Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia as the fundamental values of the constitution...

The contribution of the author deals with the topic of presumption of innocence in the means of Slovak criminal law. The author indicates the sources of law in Slovak legal system which includes the principle of presumption of innocence. The principle of presumption of innocence is one of the most important principles applied in the Slovak criminal proceedings. The first chapter further analyses the principle of presumption of innocence in the Slovak legal system, by analyzing its content and nature, the procedura...

The purpose of the research is to define the current impact of cyber weapons on international security, which is affected by the existence of cyberspace, from where are emerging new security threats. The research is divided into two main parts. In the first theoretical part, we used the descriptive method to characterize the main cybersphere threats in form of selected types of malware. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of the concrete malware which were discovered and which have had an imp...

Tourism is one of the fastest growing and largest sectors of the global economy and has important economic, social, cultural and environmental effects. Slovakia is among the countries with high rates of unemployment in Europe, but has a lot of natural and cultural wealth. Fragmented and diverse socio-cultural and environmental aspects of rural areas in Slovakia offer a variety of business and employment opportunities in the tourism and traditional folk arts and crafts to anticipate the diversity of interests of to...

Over the last twenty-thirty years, innovation topic has received increasing focus. This is a policy domain that has changed radically as understanding of the correspondence between economic performance, innovation and technological transformation has grown. The ongoing process of globalization provides persistent reasons for increasing national contest for the “localization” of innovations: as business becomes transnational, the attractiveness of countries innovation systems and technological capacities become a s...

The paper aims to analyse the sole trader (Rom., persoana fizica autorizata or P.F.A.) from the Romanian law perspective, by focusing on the characteristics of this legal institution, the liability for performing economic activities under this form, as well as certain implied practical and fiscal issues. The Romanian legislation has suffered serious amendments in the last period as it is the case of the Romanian Civil Code, which has been amended in year 2011. The legal provisions on the sole trader have been also...

Data shows an increasing number of children and youth growing up in a family atmosphere burdened with parental conflicts. Hostility in relationships between parents often spills over into the parent-child relationship. This paper will present the results of quantitative research which was focused on correlations between children's perception of parental conflicts, and the quality of the parents' marriage, and the experience of parental acceptance-rejection during childhood. The survey included 468 students of the ...

In its analysis of various legal regulations and data from the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic concerning harassment, and namely sexual harassment, the article highlights how sociological discourses and legal decisions have reflected upon this specific form of discrimination, which is regulated by international, European as well as national means. The article first considers two major principles of sexual harassment ? 'quid pro quo' and a 'hostile working environment'; later, international, European as well ...

The paper explores relations beetwen philosohical views of language and the problem of intersubjectivity in interpretation of legal text. The purpose of the paper is to show and analyse the consequences and difficulties with aplying philosophical ideas of language to legal interpretation with respect to intersubjectivity of that kind of interpretation. Author characterizes two general phlilosophical views of natural language – the structuralist view and the nominalist view. The structuralist view is based on two m...

In the study of professional choice of a graduate of particular importance are researchers of household strategies in the education sphere. As the household strategies, we consider the effective usage of available resources (economic, social and cultural assets) in reaching the goal. The goal, in this aspect, is defined as the optimal choice of educational and professional paths, taking into account the real possibilities and social benefits. As shown by the results of many sociological types of research when choo...

The article is devoted to the pressing issue of the transformation of Russia’s and China’s foreign policy strategies in Central Asia in recent years. The prevailing aspect of economic approaches as the basis of practical implementation of the “strategic partnership” concept is the main feature of these two states’ policies in Central Asia. However, the two countries maintain military and political cooperation, each of them upholding its own political interests. China’s tactics is in its active support of the integ...

Regarding information and communication technologies improvement, the global e-commerce market has already developed. This market almost has not geographical boundaries and is in demand 24 hours per day seven days a week. All countries pay attention to the electronic commerce development. E-commerce might be one of the drivers for the retail trade revival, improving competitiveness, and ultimately the development of the Russian economy. The article reveals the place of Russian e-commerce, determines trends and pro...

For implementing partial activities, companies utilize a broad portfolio of financing resources. These resources can be analyzed from various angles. They are usually divided into company´s equity and debt resources. Although the decision about resource utilization is influenced by many factors, the cost of capital is the most prominent aspect that enters this process. The subject of the article is a research in the field of company debt resources. There are a number of circumstances that encourage companies to ch...

This paper attempts to analyze the system and the behavior of all actors in the field of competition by determining and then analyzed its composition, degree of concentration of businesses in the same activities, bringing them about pricing, bringing them to customer, the number of businesses participating in the market, types of products or services they offer, and many other factors in order to assess the level of competition between businesses in different areas so all this with the purpose of implementation of...

The Fundamental Law of Hungary came into effect on 1 January 2012 and it has resulted in major changes in terms of the entire state organization. These changes significantly affected local authorities also. The Hungarian system of the administrative supervision accomplished a unique system. A relatively strong supervision came true so, internationally with unique device, the replacement or substitution of the decree. The previous devices remained beside this, that they were joined by new ones. The paper analyses t...

In the last decades the word "terrorism" became for modern society almost an everyday one. In scientific and practical understanding it means any kind of demonstration of violence carrying either mass, or special-purpose destructive character by this concept. Murders of people in places of their mass gatherings, destruction of housing stock by explosion of buildings or objects of inhabited infrastructure, causing damage to civilian infrastructure (water and food poisoning, causing irreplaceable damage to the farml...

The paper examines the current migration processes in Russia: the demographic structure of migrant population in Russia, the impact of labor migrants and recent government regulation in this area. Low birth rate and population ageing are the main reasons for the evolving problem of labor shortage. It can be partly solved by external inflow of labor migrants. However, migration processes powerfully influence current fiscal politics, ethnic and religious conflicts. Being at the edge of a multilevel crisis, Russia sh...

Diplomacy has been an extremely important in the development of civilization from its beginnings to the present days. More broadly, diplomacy presents the design and implementation of the foreign policy, models of the foreign policy, international negotiations and professional activity performed by diplomats. The paper presents the development of the diplomacy from its origins in the era of nation Maya, throughout the Middle Ages, specific forms of creating and building relationships that have developed within the...

Contemporary forms of work with children and youth with behavioural problems are based on the holistic approach (the experience of successful methods and application according to the assessment of the professionals). Different authors underscore the importance of combining different approaches, methods and techniques of direct work with users with behavioural problem in educational institutions (individual, group, workshops and small rehabilitative programs). The goal of this research was to explore the experience...

The most important goal of this article is to define the notion of a religious conflict, to introduce a typology of religious conflicts, to analyze the factors of their genesis as well as the possible ways of their mitigation and overcoming. Using the methodology of comparative and content analysis, the authors came to the conclusion that religious motivation among the warring parties, and/or religious legitimation of violence could not be considered as the obligatory conditions for the assignment of conflict as r...

The aim of the research work is answer the question: what elements of the legal status of partners (or shareholders) of commercial companies (including partnerships and companies) and what extent, can facilitate the implementation by investors support in the form of venture-capital from the perspective of, significant extent representative of the so-called continental system of company law in Europe, regulation of the Polish Commercial Companies Code of the 15 September 2000 (c.t.: J.L. 2016, it. 1578, hereinafter...

The article is dedicated to the structural roots of conflicts within modern Russian society. The authors idea is to present consistently the dialectical relationship of economic, political and ideological levels of the order. The article notes that private property is the most important factor of the modern society functioning. It defines social interests and relations, creates the class of owners and generates economic order, which is subsequently legitimized by power structure and ideology. The deformations in e...

In the beginning human rights are divided into two kinds: rights of first generation (civil rights and political rights) and second generation (economic rights and social rights). There wasn’t contradiction or alternative nature between the two 'families', but the second ‘family’ (economic rights and social rights) was practical phase of the first ‘family’. Nowadays, it is only possible to ‘bear’ the rights of freedom, as an expression of enhancement of individual prerogatives, the one and only dimension of global...

The regions focused on primary industry and raw materials extraction and processing have specific innovative and investment development. The paper presents the analyses of the world experience in applying rating system for innovative development assessment. As the result, the authors devised a new original method for the assessment of innovative development of the regions focused on primary industry and raw materials extraction and processing in terms of investment flows provision for the regions. The index for in...

The acquisition and administration of “big data” has become a highly-debated issue not only within the information technology field, but more broadly in the political sociology and social arena ethics as well. While big data may just be another technology used to better find customers (from a business point of view) or help people (from a governmental point of view), its use and misuse has made it a topic of much discussion. Users continue to see lots of data being gathered, stored and analyzed about them as consu...

The mineral extraction tax and the customs duty on oil export are basic elements of the fiscal policy for the oil-extracting companies operating in Russia. The volume of these payments is strictly connected with the average level of exchange prices of Urals brand oil during the corresponding month. In the conditions of intensive oil prices reduction this circumstance led to essential losses of the federal budget incomes. The aim of this work consists in the characterization of the oil-extracting companies taxation...

Not only the economy, but also the whole society’s aim at economic growth in terms of qualitative and quantitative improvement of the population’s standard of living. At present, when the innovative economic sector, the service industry and knowledge have come to the fore, the concept of economic growth requires rethinking. Approaches to determining the quality of economic growth can be classified based on the absolute quantitative economic indicators (GDP, GNP, NI, national wealth, etc.), based on the relative qu...

The article evaluates the convergence-divergence of indicators of economic development processes in circumpolar countries. The object of the study is the indicators, which evaluate the economic processes in member countries of the Arctic Council: Denmark, Iceland, Canada, Norway, Russia, USA, Finland, and Sweden. The processes of convergence-divergence were researched in all eight member-countries of the Arctic Council based on statistics from 1990 through 2014. The following indicators, analyzing economic process...

In the modern world the question of the need for the legalization of gambling business is debatable, numerous disputes over this issue continue to date. At the same time supporters of both points of view adduce serious arguments in justification of their positions. Proponents of the legalization claim that permission of lawfully operating gambling industry will promote inflow of the considerable money to the budget necessary for development of various spheres of public administration, activization of the tourist i...

Legal personality is one of the most important constitutive elements of international organizations. So far, international organizations have acquired legal personality in national as well as in international law. In the first case, international organizations are subjects of national legal systems, while in the second case, they are subjects of international law. However, despite the fact that the United Nations possess legal personality in both national and international law, certain subsidiary organs of the Uni...

European countries support their national economies and entrepreneurs in various ways. Goals include GDP growth, employment growth, and the development of public services. The article focuses on the various types of state aid. The states are limited by the regulations of the European Union: under Article 107 (1) TFEU, state aid is incompatible with the internal market and is therefore generally prohibited. An exemption from the prohibition may be granted on the basis of block exemptions or the decision of the Euro...

In the scientific study, author discusses recognition as a forensic method, which in terms of criminal law also constitutes an important procedural step. Scientific study is one of the outcomes of the research project registered by the Academy of the Police Force in Bratislava under the number 167, entitled "Implementing the recognition in the police practice". The research was conducted from 2012 and it was completed in 2016. The collection of empirical material was done by using a structured questionnaire and th...

Primarily factor determining potential of power and impact of policy elite (force of elite) is recruitment of elite, i.e. selection of candidates.[11] Research of recruitment process of policy elite shows that there is a wide variety of criteria and ways how candidates for policy elite are selected and chosen. Moreover, importance and mutual hierarchy of these criteria have changed over time and there is no single theoretical standard for recruitment process. As the title of the article indicates, the focal point ...

After the economic crisis, all member states of the European Union have begun to take drastic measures to adjust national economies and to tackle the main problems that have affected and that still affect some countries, such as unemployment and in particular youth unemployment. Romania is one of the European Union countries that still faces this problem, despite the measures taken since the end of 2008. Although youth unemployment fell from 22.4% in Romania in 2014 to 21.7 % in 2015 reaching 2016 at 20.3%, Romani...

The article is devoted to the process of integration of the immigrants from the Central Asian post-Soviet states that dominate today in the flow of migrants to the Russian Federation. Demographic,economic,and socio-cultural areas of the immigration policy of modern Russia are considered while paying aspecial attention to the gap between a declared and de facto implemented policy. The authorsprove an urgentneed to stop the process of depopulation in some regions and in Russia as a whole; to overcome the shortageof ...

The paper reviews and critically compares current trends in information management and global information society in healthcare. In healthcare, the issue of transitioning to an information society is closely linked with protection of personality of the patient and with safety of health care provision. Entry of information technologies into this area enables sharing and rationalising patient care and spreading of highly innovative technologies; however, is also connected with risks to the right for privacy and duty...

The purpose of the article is how use of marketing analyzes in political marketing. Research question: what marketing methods and analyzes are used in the creation of strategy and political marketing political in Slovakia. The methodology we use are current scientific studies and own research to identify which analyzes are used in practice, these findings are used to evaluate and create conclusions. The main objective is identifying and research marketing analysis to be used in Slovakia. We have identified which m...