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Intra party democracy is of great importance for political parties worldwide for many reasons, perhaps one of the main significant one having to do with their capacities to build functional democracies in the contemporary world. There is a sufficient body of theoretical knowledge on intra party democracy in general. Besides this, much has been researched on intra party democracy around the world, but when it comes to the Republic of Macedonia researchers have barely “screeched the surface” of such a complex issue....

An essential part of European social policy is the children's and youth policy that should become a priority area for EU politicians. It must use the best tools for the fostering of the child and youth wellbeing. Interest in children’s well-being is increasing in Latvia and Europe, particularly in the field of science and at schools, e.g. schools are increasingly offered to participate in surveys concerning children’s and young people’s well-being. In order to improve the level of well-being of children and young ...

The documents and data used by scientists to "do research" have become digital and the exchanges of these have accelerated since the invention of the web. Accessing, distributing and sharing via the web is today at the heart of the practices of scientists and students. At the beginning, the web was the support and the vector of the diffusion of the documents and remained at the bottom of the documentary databases, in more or less closed systems. The information is interlinked by hypertext or hypermedia relationshi...

There has been a trend towards the destruction of semantic unity between the past, present and future generating significant gaps in social memory of the people in the XXI century. The pace of sociocultural changes become extremely high. All these challenges relate to the process of globalization, strengthening of mass communications unification and unpredictable consequences of modernization projects. Challenges of modern situation demand a participation of new specialists in educational process who have interdis...

Above all, this article analyses the distinction of the contemporary Russian political and legal transition from state-centered social structure to human-centered society. The former presupposes that sociopolitical relations are subject to the etatization of socium and individuals and laws substantially limit human freedoms. The latter is based on the priority of human rights and freedoms, which is fundamental for a social state of law. In the 1990s there were certain efforts to approach the second type of develop...

The article discusses the relevance of using the Intergenre Model of Scientific Text while teaching master students how to write primary genres in English. On the basis of the analysis of the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education in Russia the importance of teaching master students as research-oriented ones to write in English a scientific report and an abstract for a conference is emphasized. The characteristics of the primary scientific genres are given in the article while distinguishing betw...

Due to its favourable geographic position in the centre of Romania, the tourist destination of Bra?ov has continuously developed. Being located in a picturesque mountainous area and having tourist potential which combines elements of the natural environment with cultural and historical values, nowadays Bra?ov has become one of the most attractive tourist destinations in Romania. Hence, the most important objectives of this paper were to identify the current changes in the tourism market and to highlight the possib...

This study presents the results of students’ work from Hafen City University in Hamburg and Gdansk University of Technology, carried out as part of a joint studio dealing with Nowy Port problem area. It refers to the methodology and design proposals, as well as to individual projects of students from Gdansk University of Technology - Spatial Management and Architecture. The aim of this study is to present framework project guidelines resulting from in-depth analyzes and projects of international groups to show des...

In the national musical art of the 21st century, there is a tendency of active conversion to folklore, an interest in folk "roots" is increasing, and the study and expression of ethnic music traditions in composer creativity. Creating modern national works, young composers of Tatarstan boldly experiment: they combine different styles (electronics, rock, folk, country); ethnic instruments of the Tatars (kurai, dombra, kyl-kubyz) in combination with the classical symphonic orchestra are engaged, they conduct experim...

Agriculture is an important sector of the economy in the European Union (EU) and milk production is one of the most significant agricultural sectors in Latvia. It has proven itself as the sector with stable development and future perspective. The purpose of this study is to analyse the dairy sector in Latvia and trends in its historical development and the future perspectives. To reach these purposes research tasks were set which helped to analyse the key elements of dairy sector in Latvia. This study allowed to c...

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between aspects of mindfulness, adaptive functioning, emotional problems and somatic complaints in older Latvian adults. The study participants were 287 adults (215 women, 72 men) without serious cognitive or functional impairments, ages 60 to 91 years. They completed the Older Adult Self-Report and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. The results showed that the women indicated higher depression, anxiety and worry ratings than the men, but the women also rep...

Background: The period of adolescence is often considered the most difficult and the most important period of human life, which includes the modulation of basic human values. In the period of adolescence, primary prevention plays a key role because this is the time when life and eating habits form. Methods: The research was carried out using a 52 item non-standardized questionnaire. This paper presents partial results collected from the questionnaire. The research sample consisted of 1130 respondents living in Sou...

The aim of the article is to present the methods supporting the internationalization of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the Czech Republic. The SME sector in this country is identified, and the methods used in this country to support internationalization are presented. The article assumes that supporting small and medium-sized enterprises is crucial for the success of the internationalization process. Currently, the foundations of the modern economy are companies from the sector of small and medium...

The article compares the buildings of historical campuses of four technical universities located in areas related to Polish culture. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, several new technical universities were established in Central and Eastern Europe. In 1844, the Technical Academy was opened in Lviv. In 1899, the Russian who were occupying the east and central part of Poland established the Polytechnic Institute in Warsaw. Soon after two technical universities were established in the eastern part of Pruss...

On the European trail of the residences of the princely Radziwi?? family, reaching from Western Poland to the present Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine, there is one of the most important palaces, hailing from the times of the Renaissance. The palace in Nie?wie? in today’s Belarus was built on the ruins of the former fortifications by Miko?aj Krzysztof Radziwi?? (dubbed Sierotka, the Little Orphan) in the years 1582-1604. An Italian architect, Jan Maria Bernardoni, designed the palace. The significance of that resid...

Sustainable both rural and urban roads need appropriate engineering design. Behavior of pavement unbound layers and subsoil can be predicted within either standardized laboratory tests or tests in situ. The first option brings inexactness caused by sampling and test presumptions. The second one takes lot of time and money and in case of reconstruction blockades traffic which is often unacceptable mainly in urban areas. Full-scale laboratory testing can bring useful combination of both of approaches, i.e. tests are...

A child with disabilities means for the family confrontation with new problems. The presence of the child changes the functioning of the family, the quality of life of all its members, and also modifies the needs of the family. The contribution is focused on the detection of needs within the family system. The method of data collection was the standard Bailey and Simeonsson Family Questionnaire (1988) which focuses on 6 areas of need - the need for family support, the need for information, the need to explain to o...

Enhancement of English language competence in professional communication can be a great challenge for both teachers and students. This scientific paper aims to showcase the effective implementation of project-based technologies in the formation of appropriate mastery of professional language proficiency among students of architectural and building specialities (on the basis of English language) through simulated professional situations. The application of project-based methods as a powerful technique for the devel...

This article describes method of banking activities in the field of the Internet of banking of Russia. The issue of personal finance management services is relevant both for individuals and for families dealing with budget deficits and budget surpluses. Modern financial relations into which a citizen enters tend to become more complicated. This fact makes it necessary for subjects who manage personal finances to master a sufficiently high level of financial literacy. Therefore, personal finance management skills a...

The paper investigates memory narratives in contemporary Latvian and North American life-writing with the focus on Latvian writer Anita Liepa's autobiographical fiction and Canadian writer Alice Munro's short stories. The theoretical framework of the paper is related to the fast developing memory culture after the end of the Cold War in Europe and Latvia as well as globally, and sketches out the theoretical framework of memory writing referring to the studies of Maurice Halbwachs, Pierre Nora, Paul Ricoeur, Aleida...

This paper recognizes four distinct approaches underlying the theoretical works during the late 19th and 20th century. In the first two, authors were searching for a model morphological solution – prototype - in response to new arising requirements of society and technology. The morphological solutions were either consistent or inconsistent with traditional morphology When real life applications of some of these models, especially the morphological experiments, proved to be, mildly put, a disappointment, the third...

The formation of independent Kazakhstan after the collapse of the USSR (1991) led to a change in the language situation, the formation of language policy, and language construction. The most urgent topics in society were the questions of the revival of the vitality of the state language – the Kazakh language; the narrowing of the spheres of functioning of the Russian language; and the transition from Cyrillic to Latin. There was a large number of scientific articles analyzing the language situation of Soviet Kazak...

The paper focuses on the paradox of material implication with the special reference to the Duns Scotus Law associated therewith. The article contains two different proofs of this law. The paper also seeks to evaluate the role of this law in the proof theory and the damage caused to the latter by the multitude of non-classical approaches in logic which call this law into question. The paper also addresses the conditions upon which the statements about empty sets are possible and evaluates the relevance of material ...

Using e-learning platforms in universities in Romania has become a habit, surpassing trends and integrating naturally in a modern educational system. The objective of this article is to show what are the most used platforms in major universities in Romania and why they have been chosen. If high schools in Romania e-learning platforms were introduced centrally through a project of the Ministry of Education, universities have relied on university autonomy. We have identified and analyzed the main e-learning platform...

Current marketing communication has to respond flexibly to the needs of customers who create the demand side of the market. The side of the market supply is created by enterprises which trying to provide customers with the highest value in the form of the products or services. Customers are endeavouring to maximise their utility and enterprises are striving to maximise their profit. In the current business climate, marketers have to differentiate their attitude depending on the customer. The study deals with the r...

Visual elements always performed important functions in journalistic publications: they added to the information, made it more vivid and clear and helped varying the text component. Nowadays along with the development of Internet media the role of visualization significantly increased. It may perform as a complete language for communication allowing the construction of narratives along with the verbal language and provision of coherence and continuity of message. The given article considers the role of visual elem...

The justice system must be independent and unbiased and in accordance with international standards and not serve as an instrument to protect the politics of power and business structures and politics related to power holders. Therefore, the whole country should have inclusive reforms in judicial power and prosecution as a precondition for restoring citizens’ trust, institutions that will guarantee that the executive and legislative power do their functions in accordance to legal acts and international standards. T...

‘War of the Knights’ (Ritter Krieg) is a medieval alchemical narrative, written in the form of judicial combat between the allegorical figures of the Sun (gold) and Mars (iron). The purpose of the study is to show that if one considers the verbal duel of the ‘knights’ not as alchemic dispute, but as a clash of interests of various medieval social classes, the contents of the book is clear, and the alchemist is engaged in the analysis of the historical and socio-political situation in the late Middle Ages. The meth...

The objective of this article is to analyze marketing channels used by economic entities to engage consumers of private banking services on the Russian market, which is characterized by significant limitations on disclosure of consumer information. The article also aims to identify specificities of designing marketing channels on such markets and define future trends of their development. Analysis of marketing channels, used to engage consumers of private banking services, is based on results of a survey and in-de...

In the article the author proceeds from the conception that family as a social institution takes a significant part in socialization of the child, being the basic support and a pattern for imitation as a model of the world around. The relations of parents between themselves and the relations of parents with children form a sense-value sphere of the child and as a result his/her life-sense strategies which direct the future life of the child. The theoretical grounds of the research are based on the theories of mean...

Compared to the separate production of electric and thermal energy from conventional sources of fuels, their combined generation in a Combined Heat and Power Plant (CHP), produces a primary energy saving of at least 10%. This savings can also be translated by a proper reduction of pollution caused by combustion of fuels and thus by contributing to maintaining sustainable development. However, there are also situations where cogeneration can be extended to produce many more forms of useful energy, using the same ma...

The aim of the article is to analyse the role and importance of international issues in shaping the program objectives and political activities of the national workers' party. This movement was created in 1920 by way of consolidation of previously functioning political, professional and social organizations. It took a centrist position on the Polish political scene of the interwar period. Being a democratic movement, it assessed the international situation from this perspective. The issue of Poland's security (esp...

This article concerns the Evenkis—hunters and reindeer herders of the Siberian taiga—and their interactions with the landscape reflecting in a land naming. I use a semantic approach to the analysis of the Evenkis' toponyms, which were gathered during my fieldwork in Eastern Siberia in the 1980s and 1990s and were found in the scientific literature and dictionaries. The features of the land are learnt by the Evenkis from their everyday socio-economic and ritual practices, as well as from their eldest since the earl...

This text represents the results of a research in the prison Sv?tlá nad Sázavou. The goal was to analyze written expressions of female prisoners, who are voluntarily attending the educational facility within this prison. Content and language findings show, that writing is an important part of education in prisons. Written expressions cultivate personality of prisoners, improving their language skills and the ability to think.

In last two decades, sustainability is one of the most important subject in our society. Retrofitting and reduction of CO? emisions from residential buildings is becoming an anchor of interactive approch to global, environmental and socio-economic policy. There are several measures taken to increase the energy efficiency, both for new buildings and for existing buildings, such us the 20 –20 –20 EU Policy andthe Nearly Zero Energy Buildings goal set bythe Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010/31/EC, which ...

Today society feels urgent need for the experts knowing one or several foreign languages both within daily communication and in the professional sphere in view of rapid process of globalization and informatization of society. Actively developing in the European countries the theory of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) and only starting its movement the process of integration of professional disciplines and foreign languages in Russian higher education is considered as a necessary condition for traini...

The article actualizes the information society’s formation as a new postindustrial form of society's socio-economic organization based on the mass use of information and telecommunication technologies (ICT). ICT development index (IDI) provided by the International Telecommunications Union annually shows the progress of ICT being accessible to more and more people around the globe. IDI average value for all countries gained 0.18 points in 2016-2017. The growing pace of social development is accompanied by a change...

In the present paper some possibilities for construction and application of various modifications of the well-known transportation problem are proposed aiming the minimizing of the transportation costs for transferring the material flows between suppliers and consumers. The transportation costs are usually a significant part of the total logistical expenses and each logistic system has its own specifics and characteristics for transportation of materials, goods and products. This gives opportunities for applying d...

The aim of the paper is to analyse social work with groups in selected social welfare services in Slovakia and to identify the benefits of social work with the group (social group work) as compared to social work with the individual (social casework). The authors have chosen a qualitative research strategy; the research method was a structured interview. We have established research question: What are the typical features, advantages, but also disadvantages, which provides social work with a group in comparison to...

Internationalization of education space and international collaboration have become one of the top global priorities, which is reiterated in the missions and visions of education institutions worldwide, as it is a significant indicator of global competitiveness. It is widely acknowledged that countries with high number of international students benefit from the contribution they make to domestic research and sustainable development of the society. In the case of Latvia, strengthening international cooperation and ...

The purpose of this article was to analyse the premises of gross ingratitude, allowing the donor to revoke their donation pursuant to the provisions of the Polish Civil Code. The term "gross ingratitude" is an indeterminate phrase referring to moral norms and leaving it to the court to establish whether the particular conduct of the donee justifies the donor revoking the donation. The fact that the deed of donation is very often used in the legal practice - especially in family relationships, as a manifestation of...

The article is devoted to the analysis of arguments in defense of the physicalist theory of consciousness in the version of "biological naturalism", or rather, "neurobiological naturalism". This approach to consciousness implies that consciousness, firstly, is considered as a property of the material system, and, secondly, it is the product of a long biological evolution. The philosophical grounds for this approach are the works of J. Searle, and neurobiological - the works of T.E. Fainberg and J. Mallatt. "Neurob...

Public administration reforms in European countries have led to several policies of decentralization within which competencies of local state governments were transferred to regional and municipal self-governments with the aim to improve efficiency of public services delivery. In this paper we present empirical comparative analysis of efficiency of municipal offices providing services in the field of building order in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The two countries provide the competence under two different pol...

Given the ever-emerging trends in teaching, deriving from the constructivist theory of teaching and learning and promoting the active role of learners in the learning approach, future teachers at all levels of education need to be trained appropriately. At the Faculty of Education in Maribor students of elementary education are offered the course Environmental and Social Studies lessons outside the classroom, which aims to acquaint students with the basic characteristics of teaching and active learning outside the...

In folk speech within the scope of one utterance, synonyms and word-doublets can be encountered, which in linguistics are usually called dual constructions. Their necessity is caused by communication between representatives of different generations, as well as by communication of village residents with representatives of the city and other villages. At the same time, due to the interaction among different time layers of lexis, coexisting in one historical epoch, and / or due to the development of the historical po...

Customer satisfaction is a mental state that is an emotion expressing satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the choice of the brand made during the purchase. Satisfaction occurs when the product meets our expectations, while dissatisfaction when it can not meet them. An analysis of the customer satisfaction should be treated as a key stage in the customer satisfaction management system. Without knowing the expectations and level of customer satisfaction, non of enterprises is able to determine what to improve and w...

The study is aimed to analyze the socio-economic and demographic situation during the period of 1941-1945. The Victory over fascism was achieved at the cost of huge losses. A significant proportion occurred in the Lower Volga region, where at Stalingrad there was a radical change in world war II. The city was completely destroyed. Were lost a significant portion of housing, industrial enterprises, social institutions. In the region significantly reduced the population and changed the age and gender structure of so...

The most employed nondestructive or microdestructive methods for the diagnosis provide architects and engineers with a quantitative information on mechanical parameters such as in situ stress state, characteristics of deformability, compression strength. The aim of this paper is to describe in a critical way the main methods emphasizing advantages and drawbacks. To this end some tests has been performed on a historical building.

The history of food consumption offers a wide range of thematic and disciplinary facets, lending itself to approaches in economic and environmental, scientific and technical, social and religious history. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the history of a typical product in a Southern Italian Region, Puglia, to allow us to show the relationship between agriculture, local alimentary tradition, agro-food industry and governmental policies. The idea is to bring out, through the history of a local product, the i...

Organic farming in Latvia is becoming more and more popular. The number of certified organic farms in Latvia increases annually. In 2016, the number of certified organic farms was 4147. The number of companies offering organic products as well as the number of consumers who are willing and able to buy these products is increasing. However, organic products are relatively expensive and less affordable than conventional products, which makes it difficult for farms to sell their produce, thus hindering the developmen...