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Religious rights and controversial approach to their provision and implementation will always be in the centre of discussions in all states including multiconfessional Russia. One of the points is connected with educational process. The most contradictory issues are talking about Muslim religion: on the one hand, there are multiple examples from judicial practice where the right of Muslim women to dress in accordance with their religious commitments meets no protection, on the other hand, there is the permission t...

Insolvency legislation reform in the country began back in 1997 when the new bankruptcy law was enacted and published in the “Official Gazette” in October 1997. It entered into force on 6 November 1997 and came into effect on 5 June 1998. With the enactment of this new law, the former “Law of Forced Settlement, Bankruptcy and Liquidation”, as state regulation, used after the breakup from Yugoslavia, was replaced and never used again. This 1998 law was amended three times: in July 2000, 2002 and 2004, and was stron...

The first period of Estonian independence lasted for 22 years, beginning in 1918. Starting from 1940, the Republic of Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union for fifty years. Our case study examines the activities of Baptists in the Estonian parliament during this period from the viewpoint of ethics and sustainability. Content analysis was used as a qualitative research method. The content model is based on Talcott Parsons’ AGIL paradigm [1], which determines four imperatives for the continuity of social systems:...

The Sections 85 and 368 of the Criminal Procedure Law of the Republic of Latvia [3] prescribes only several cases when a person can be exempted from payment for defence provided by the state in criminal procedure. Sometimes the defendant refuses from a defender by the moment he gets to know that by the process termination, he will be recovered a payment for the defence provided him by the state. For instance, a refusal from an advocate during the agreement process mainly occurs with an aim to exempt a particular p...

Less than a year after re-codification of civil procedural law, the first amendment to civil procedure, the Civil Litigation Code, Act 160/2015 Z.z., has been passed. The amendment applies to the right of the party to act before a court using his/her native language or the language the party can understand. The presenters of the legislative proposal substantiated the need to amend the law by reasons of its harmonization with the existing rules of the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages which is bi...

The paper explores the current challenges the international community faces in the context of migration crisis. The research follows comparative legal analysis standards and rests on the international legislation, national laws and legal administrative practices regarding the refugee child protection against exploitation and abuse in the countries that are part to the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse. The paper aims to identify the issues that ...

This article highlights certain issues related to the multiple meaning of the term suspicious transaction and its complex nature. Following the basic international definitions of suspicious transactions, national legislations try to adjust them to domestic conditions. The results of selected legislative frameworks are presented through the statistical analysis of three Western European countries and the Republic of Croatia. The statistical analysis of the reversal which happened in suspicious transactions reportin...

The article is devoted to several approaches to understanding of the legal culture phenomenon. The object approach dominating in the domestic theory is inadequate, because it reduces legal culture only to knowledge of current legislation and law-abiding behavior. The author's approach reveals the underlying foundation of legal culture of the different social actors, which are the leading values - formal equality, freedom and justice.

The aim of this research paper is the study of legal status of the European company, reflection of preconditions for creating a new legal form of a company, which has a European origin, the identification of features of the legal regulation of its establishment and operating activities, as well as the analysis of the advantages and drawbacks of these legal entities, which define its effectiveness for large business and prospects. The methodological basis of the research is historical, comparative-legal, particular...

Russian law gradually begins to form legal norms in the field of tax mediation. Tax mediation is not recognized at the legislative level. For this reason, the question of the use of mediation for tax disputes deserves close consideration. At the present time in Russia the problems of application of procedures of mediation in tax dispute are frequently discussed. In modern conditions of formation of judicial practice on tax disputes the issue of pre-trial settlement of disputes acquires the increasing relevance. Th...

This article discusses the concentrations in Republic of Macedonia in the 2014 and 2015 with regard to the developments in concentrations. The discussion is primarily focused in the legislative framework of the developments as well as in the relevant case law during the time period 2014-2015. This paper reviews the meaning and ways of creating concentrations and gives concrete examples of the practice in Republic of Macedonia. Further on, this paper continues with the various types of concentrations. Concentration...

The aim of revitalization is to bring permanent economic recovery into a degraded areas. Revitalization processes are of special nature, due to their complex character, combining different aspects of urban policy, as well as due to the unpredictability of time and finance determinants. It is this unpredictability which forces the need to secure long term funding for these processes. The International Specialized EXPO 2022 is expected to address the problems of revitalization. The only European city that has submit...

This research intends to investigate the origin of space tourism, as well as its legal framework. The first space Tourist was Denis Tito who is credited with being the first space tourist. He is a U.S citizen who worked for NASA – Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Despite being of American descent, his International Space Station trip was facilitated by the Russian Government through the Roscosmos State Corporation. Overall, the trip cost 20 million dollars. For over 40 years, only states had monopoly for activities in o...

This paper focuses on the judge-witness interaction in the Romanian courtroom, namely on the questioning and reformulating strategies used by the judge in the Romanian courtroom. In the Romanian courtoom (belonging to the inquisitorial system of justice), the judge is actively involved in determining the facts of the case, while the judge in an adversarial system is an impartial referee of the prosecution and defendant pleading their cases before a jury who determines the facts of the case. If judges have a passiv...

In banking market the guarantees by individuals for non-business purposes need an enforcement of consumer protection. Indeed, it could be really difficult to improve guarantor’s protection because European case-law admit a consumer protection only if the debtor under the principal contract does not qualify for consumer protection. The main aim of the paper is to demonstrate that the guarantor could benefit from consumer protection even if the guarantee related to a contract for the supply of goods or services to a...

The paper concentrates on the legal analysis of the independence of the Czech Central Bank. Central bank independence is a key precondition for the successful implementation of monetary policy and hence for sustainable non-inflationary economic growth. Independence protects the central bank primarily against any political pressure to adopt measures to boost short-term economic growth. The term "independence" is not explicitly expressed in Czech legal documents (the Constitution of the Czech Republic and the Czech ...

According to our researches, the relationship between illegal migration and the terrorism should be emphasized. The attitude of the European legislators was changed by the terrorist offences were committed in the territory of the European Union in the past few years. Terrorist offences proved the vulnerability of the European States, and the rule of democratic law. In 2014, 276.113 migrants entered the European Union irregularly, which represents an increase of 138% compared to the same period in 2013. It should b...

Currently there are no specific studies dedicated to the administrative and legal transformation in the management of protected and protection of democratic values such as the constitutional system, security and welfare of the population. We are talking about protection, and public evaluation of the effectiveness of legal means of managing large complex relationships in the context of the inadmissibility of weakening national security. In consideration of the reader is presented the most difficult legal and admini...

The authors suggest that the development of civil society as well as of information technologies are objective factors that influence the content of the legislation of any modern state. From this perspective, they evaluate the system of financial control (supervision, audit) in the Russian Federation and the quality of its legal regulation. To determine the specifics of the legislative regulation of financial control, a comparative legal analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and of a number o...

Currently, the imminence of the primary regulation of social relations in very varied fields makes it almost impossible for Parliament to intervene timely, which makes use of legislative delegation. Thus, not only the inefficiency, but also the inopportunity of Parliament's legislative activity are among the arguments put forward to empower the Government to issue ordinances, through which Parliament tries to transfer part of its responsibility to social issues to the Government. Legislative delegation is a living...

New technologies and possibilities of simultaneous processing of large quantities of personal data are developing both in science and the economy. However, collecting and processing personal data opens up a whole range of issues and controversies. The European Union has also recognized the importance of this issue and has implemented a reform of personal data protection through a new instrument aimed at ensuring the protection of the rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals with regard to the processing of t...

In the Slovak Republic divided views have persisted for several years as to whether a court executor may create a lien on immovable property in favor of the entitled party to secure the party’s monetary debt claimed in the execution proceedings, and subsequently sell the obligated party’s encumbered property without consent of the preferred lien creditor (i.e. the creditor in whose favor the lien has been created on the obligated party’s immovable property earlier). According to one view, relying on statutory inte...

The primary goal of the study is, on the basis of theoretical and empirical analyses, to describe the level of theoretical processing the verifying testimony on the spot in criminalistics. The secondary goal is to find out lacks and trouble spots in practical applying the verifying testimony on the spot in the process of clearing up crimes. To achieve describing the objective conditions realized research were in the study used processing methods of historical and literary analysis. Achieved partial results are pre...

The process of Macedonia's EU membership requires undertaking concrete steps to follow current developments regarding retirement policies. This issue is not lacking treated in government programs or in programs of political parties running for executive power, however, it remains to be only in the context of daily political interests and unfortunately there is no sustainable solution. Since Macedonia's membership in the European Union requires a series of measures and activities, is immanent need to achieve a scie...

Achieving an optimal balance between work, personal life and family responsibilities is a key contributing factor to the employee's overall well-being, reflected in 3 areas: health care, employee productivity and retention. There are many ways to enhance work life balance and creating a flexible organizational culture is one of the most effective option. In this paper, we reveal the importance of telework in enabling a supportive and healthy work environment, which will help employees to achieve a better work life...

The aim of this research is justification of differences in legal regulation of men and women’s labor, caused by particular support of women and revealing importance of well-balanced differentiation of their labor conditions. For these purposes normative legal acts, containing standards of labor law and also Conventions of International Organization of Labor were analyzed. Among basic conclusions, made during research, we can note the following ones. First, employers’ unwillingness to conclude labor contracts with...

The state administration bodies in exercising supervision through the inspectorate exercise control over the activity of administrative bodies, administrative acts, organizations that have public authorizations, economic entities and other institutions, they impose administrative measures in accordance with the legislation. The Republic of Macedonia, like many other countries, competes in European integrations, which require standards related to administrative control, which is also reflected in the inspective con...

The article deals with unveiling the peculiarities of decentralization process of public authority in the states of Central Europe (on the examples of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic). The scientific and theoretical interest in this issue is caused by the necessity of improvement (actual renewal) of a number of basic institutions of democracy and local government in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the investigation involves a set of scientific research methods which are typical of legal science in ...

Generally, the principles of conflict of laws provide guidelines to determine whether a court of the forum jurisdiction will apply its law or the laws of another interested party to a dispute. This inquiry often requires a court to make a choice that may be affected by public policy considerations of the forum jurisdiction. Conflict of laws principles, moreover, may extend to many aspects of a case, such as judicial jurisdiction. We discuss the law and economics of conflict of laws and choice of law. Hence, four q...

In 2016 the European Union (EU) became centrally supervised regarding a unified regulation of the so-called Banking union, making also the area of the euro currency a monetary union with a common approach to integrated policy implementation in a non-federalized union. Since modern fiat, i.e., non-backed money creation within the EU banking system has not been affected by any legal reforms, the author has done legal research on its meaning for property rights of EU residents, especially in light of recent events su...

The article proves advanced forms of citizens and local government's interaction. Authors consider and analyze some aspects of direct democracy and compares Russian regulation and theory with foreign legal orders. Authors describe the content and determines problems and prospects of using such advanced forms of interaction of citizens and local governments, as electronic referendum (plebiscite) and surveys. Methods: dialectic, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, deduction, legalistic method, interbranch legal resear...

This article assesses the legal regulation of competition rules in agricultural business within the legal framework of European law. It is assessed what role is played by the major European institutions and bodies in the process of the adoption of legislation which aims at creating fair conditions for all subjects active in agricultural business. Within the major EU institutions, those having impact on EU legislation on agricultural advertising include the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development of the Euro...

The goal of study is determining the conception of scientific fraud and its regulation by the norms of criminal law. The most dangerous delicts in international law received were named international frauds. To such deeds are related cyber crimes corruption, frauds with using official position, unfair commercial action, but such type of crime as scientific fraud did not get a normal consolidation. Even if this action has an international character, and brings not only material, but moral damage and brings treat to ...

Penalties for the offence of stalking have a short history in Polish law. Article 190a was added to the penal code in 2011, and Section 190a §1 states: “Anyone who, through the persistent harassment of another person or another person's next of kin, creates a justified sense of danger or significantly violates the person's privacy, is subject to imprisonment for up to three years”. There was difficulty counteracting this offence prior to the 2011 Criminal Code amendment because previous rules did not always provid...

The article explores the system arrangement and determination of a methodology of a new scientific branch in the system of financial law – regional financial law. The work is an attempt to analyze a possible development of the financial law system through changing approaches in the methodology of studying financial law, meaning consideration of financial law system not only horizontally but also vertically, highlighting a new trend in the study of financial law – regional financial law, which, in the authors view,...

Some offences under Polish law are codified in Acts other than the Criminal Code. For example, Criminal Liability is regulate in the 14th chapter of the Act of 4th February 1994 “Law on Copyright and Related Rights”. The most important offences legislated are acts of plagiarism and copyright piracy. The first offence is codified in Article 115 and the second in Articles 116 and 117. Plagiarism is prosecuted ex officio, with maximum penalty up to 3 years imprisonment, and Copyright piracy is prosecuted on a complai...

This article discusses the Copyright in Kosovo after the year of 2001. Copyright is defined as the totality of legal standards that which arrange social relations arising from the creation and evaluation of scientific, literary-judicial works. Copyright defines in two meanings in the objective and in the subjective sense. In objective sense, copyright includes complexity of legal standards which stipulate legal relations for intellectual creativity in the field of literature, science, art, and other legal provisio...

Nowadays, with the rapid development of international relations, sharply increases the intensity of migration processes, and as a consequence - the number of migrants. From the Russian Federation adopted obligations to respect human rights implies the need to ensure individual rights to free choice of residence and freedom of movement. There is a process of formation of the renewed worldview in which every human disorder encourages the search for a better life. One of the consequences of such a disorder are migrat...

In Italian building tenders, the number of awarding environmental criteria is increasing. This gets out from a wide spread green sensitivity, but on the other side it could act as an opaque “green” screen on the decision process: the more the environmental require-ments are heavy awarded in the calls for bids, the more it is important their effective-ness instead of their standardization. Otherwise they work as a decision justifying fac-tor instead of a local tailored and valuable contribution to a better environm...

The emergence and functioning of the European Union is not an element of absolute novelty in international relations, but it could be argued that it is the consequence of capitalizing on the experiences that history has built over time at national and international level for each of the European states. The history has reflected the necessity of an international alliance between states, the fundamental aim being to ensure stability on a regional and continental level, as well as the fact that alliances created by ...

The aim of the research undertaken by author is to define the unique moral essence of the legal principles and norms fixing the status of a person in criminal justice system from the point of view of their axiological genesis and their correspondence to the international law standards on human rights and to the constitutional grounds of the Russian Federation. It's methodology included the general methods of analysis and synthesis, the dialectic method, which permitted to test the criminal procedure system as soci...

At the level of the European Union there are legislative initiatives designed to create a business environment favourable to research and innovation which promotes the competitiveness of the pharmaceutical sector. When examining the compatibility with EU law of the conditions for the retail supply of medicinal products, the Court of Justice of the European Union stated that the health and life of humans rank first among the values and interests protected by the TFEU and that Member States are responsible for decid...

The aim of the research undertaken by author is to define the most adequate ways of optimization of the institute of disciplinary liability of a lawyer in Russia. Its methodology included both the general scientific methods and the specific juridical methods of cognition. The main results of the research include the original new knowledge that contains the summary and analysis of the achievements of the Russian legal ethical theory, the systematization of the samples of deontological rulemaking submitted by the Ru...

Ukraine's aspiration for European integration makes it necessary to bring the national legislation, including administrative, in line with European standards. Over the past two decades it has formed a significant body of legal rules based on these standards and aimed to establish various aspects of public administration. However, a positive regulatory effect on administrative practices was minimal, due to several factors, both legal and non-legal. Moreover, the main reasons of the revolutionary events in 2013-2014...

In the article the author analyses the position of shareholders who hold non-voting shares of the offeree company in the takeover process. By using the comparative method, the author emphasises the solutions adopted in the European and Croatian Law. According to the Takeover Bids Directive, as well as the Croatian Takeover Act, a mandatory takeover bid has to be published for the acquisition of the shares carrying voting rights in the company. By adopting this solution, the shareholders of non-voting shares are no...

In order to ensure a more efficient and more operational judicial protection of human rights and freedoms and control over the actions of public administration at the end of the twentieth century (1999) Lithuania has established functioning administrative courts. Thus, in modern and advanced democratic countries a widespread autonomous and independent special administrative justice model for resolution of arising disputes between individuals and the public administration was created. This particular article is int...

Through this study we want to highlight the Romanian legislation regarding murder and the circumstances that make the crime of murder severely punished. I analyzed only two circumstances of eight, premeditation and material interest. Each of these circumstances could be taken if specific conditions are met. There are also controversial situations in Romanian literature and jurisprudence regarding the detention of premeditation, situations which are to be analyzed in the paper and submitted to discussions to those ...

The author of this contribution deals with the competence of public prosecution service in the non-criminal field. In the first part of the contribution the author discusses theoretical basis of the non-criminal competence of public prosecution service. Then he analyzes non-criminal competence of public prosecution services of the V4 countries. In the last part he evaluates analyzed legal regulations and provides critical comments concerning in particular the new regulation of the Hungarian public prosecution serv...

Although local public administration authorities have a territorial jurisdiction which is limited to the territorial administrative units in which they were elected and where they function, the difficult period transited by the state on the background of the existing international economic crisis, puts in real difficulty the smooth running of the local government. The created dysfunctions are more obvious because, although in the decentralization process, local public administration authorities are obliged to exer...

The aim of the research is to solve the problem that experienced the inconsistency of Russian post-reform law, science and legal practice – the evidential powers of defense counsel in criminal proceedings which are defined by one rules of the law and denied by the other at the same time. Its methodology included both the general scientific methods and the specific juridical methods of cognition. The main results of the research include the original understanding of the evidential powers of defense counsel in cri...