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The vocabulary of any language is enriched not only at the expense of its own resources, but also through borrowing. The current activation of the borrowing process in the Russian language, mainly from the English language, is a natural consequence of globalization, language contacts in various areas of life, and, therefore, the language interactions. The English-originated borrowings have a great linguistic potential to create a plenty of derivatives. Being borrowed in the Russian language, anglicisms continue de...

The interest of linguistics in studying linguistic personality has significantly grown. This phenomenon is special because, in our opinion, under the conditions of global communication and free access to information, human abilities rapidly expanded and there is an obvious growth of individual evolution. The bearer of linguistic consciousness is a linguistic personality, i.e. human who exists in a language environment – communication, stereotypes of behaviour that are registered in language, meanings of linguist...

Being aware of and accepting the fact that English is Language No. 1 in the present world, we can come to the conclusion that this reality can be used and relied upon in the process of teaching other foreign languages. Languages cannot be taught in an isolated way - experience with language learning and teaching results in the establishment of so called "interlanguage". The experience gained through the earlier process of learning the mother tongue and a foreign language (or foreign languages) can support and/or n...

Political metaphorology is a research area in modern science, which arose at the intersection of political linguistics on the one hand, and the conceptual metaphor theory (G. Lakoff), on the other. Until the end of the previous century, the undisputed leaders of the considered scientific area were scholars from the United States, but since the beginning of this century, such studies have been actively carried out in Russia, Germany, France, Bulgaria, and other European countries. The main interest of modern Russia...

The methodology of teaching Romanian to foreign students involves countless aspects of both classical and modern approaches. In this type of teaching approach one must take into consideration certain effective and subtle stratagems in order to make the learning difficulties of lexical and morpho-syntactic structures of the Romanian language more accessible to the foreign students. That is why it is good to know that learning is efficient if it starts from the understanding of the notions taught or existing in diff...

Students of non-linguistic universities are currently being exposed to ever more extensive English classes. With this category of students, the least developed methods of teaching Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) are the ones designed to develop the skills of specialised terminology usage. Since terminology forms the core of a professional language, it can be viewed as a conglomerate of its basic attributes and properties. Terms are the most mobile layer of the vocabulary, subject to constant and intensive enr...

Emotions were always at the heart of the primary nominations. Not a single word was born without a person's emotions. The linguistic aspect of emotionality has become an integral part of scientific research in various fields of knowledge (philosophy, psychology, linguistics, medicine, psycholinguistics, etc.). The ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle described the world of emotions. The problem of realization of the emotional function of the Arabic language was reflected in the works of medieval philolog...

Museum exhibition not only display objects, it tells the stories behind them, brings the ideas and concepts which were the source of their creation. The fundamental aspect of museum exhibitions is to create a space where the process of interpretation and conferring of a meaning will occur as an essential “content” of the museum. Therefore the overriding aim of this paper is to provide specific example of the role of museum exhibition in the process of constructing historical knowledge, based on the uniqueness ...

The article deals with the precedent name "Napoleon" which is regarded as an element of historical memory, a national cultural code. The aim of the work is the semantic-cognitive modeling of this precedent name in a comparative aspect. Analyzing different contexts containing the name "Napoleon" / "NapolГ©on" we apply methodologies of semantic cognitive modeling, supplemented with contextual and statistical analysis. The analysis revealed a semantic-cognitive model of the precedent name "Napoleon" / "NapolГ©on" fun...

In today's world, animals play an important role in people's lives. They become friends of people, a source of joy and happiness for children and adults, a cure for loneliness for the elderly. The way of thinking of peoples is diverse due to national specifics, which is reflected in the diversity of figurative meanings of the vocabulary related to the names of animals [1]. This agenda is what the article is devoted to. Knowledge of the specifics of the associative-figurative meanings of the vocabulary of a certain...

The study deals with the cognitive approach to investigation of conceptual metaphors in speeches of American presidents. According to G. Lakoff, conceptual metaphors are cognitive mechanisms that structure the perception of socio-political reality in the minds of population. Conceptual metaphors, used by a particular president, form the scope of key concepts crucial to balancing negative and positive in minds of people. Investigation of these mechanisms within a considerable period of time provided new data for co...

The purpose of the article is to analyze change of emotive value in lexical units of Russian language in modern discourse. To describe the studied material (lexical units) 1) componential analysis (the analysis of value of lexical units), 2) questionnaire method 3) the method of observing of functioning of emotive lexical units in the texts extracted from The Russian National Corpus are used. The description in aspect of emotivity of twenty four lexical units was carried out step by step. The conclusion on attribu...

The purpose of the article is to analyze the normativity of syntactic constructions with preposition “p?” - one of the most frequently used prepositions in modern Russian business language. To achieve the purpose it is essential to accomplish the following objectives: firstly, to determine the directions and reasons of semantic extension of this preposition; secondly, to systematize the criteria of normativity developed for these constructions in Russian linguistics; thirdly, to estimate various types of const...

This article offers a comparative approach to the analysis of figurative meanings of the lexicon nominating birds in Spanish, English and Russian texts. We consider pragmatics of figurative uses of ornithonyms. This theme is relevant, because the mental archetypes, based on the images of nature, totally permeate and pierce the ethno-cultural semiotic space of verbal thinking in any linguistic culture. A special place among these archetypes belongs to the symbolism of the ornithonyms, for only the birds, among all ...

The introduction of the theory of conceptual metaphor (G. Lakoff, M. Johnson 1980) marked a new stage in metaphorology development, the distinctive feature of which is the use of the methods of cognitive science and discursive and corpus analyses. One of the top-ical issues of contemporary science is the study of metaphor in different kinds of discourse (political, media, medical, pedagogical, etc.) in different national and socio-cultural variants of the language. This research discusses functioning of metaphors ...

Spontaneous speech is perceptually different from its read-aloud speaking mode variant. The question is: What particular prosodic features make this difference possible? A number of attempts have been made to identify the role of certain prosodic parameters in differentiating spontaneous from read-aloud speech. This paper presents the results of a comparative perceptual analysis of spontaneous and read-aloud speech, obtained on identical material, characterized by neutral pronunciation style. Spontaneous speech (m...

In the paper, we provide the results of a corpus-based study aimed to formulate hypotheses on how a listener manages to restore essential grammatical information missing in a spoken signal due to the reduction of endings in Russian noun phrases. We checked whether there are any reduced elements in the endings of all noun phrases with adjectives, participles, possessive pronouns or ordinal numerals as dependent elements in the Corpus of Transcribed Russian Oral Texts (http://narusco.ru/search/trn-search.php; overal...

The investigation belongs to a sphere of cognitive linguistics, which we would call В‘contrastive comparisonВ’. The actuality and relevance of our work is determined by the growing interest of linguists to shape the conceptualization of signs and phenomena in verbal thinking of various culturesВ’ representatives. One of the most effective methods of conceptualization is the verbalization of the character and appearance of a person, his emotions and certain abstract phenomena using names of plants and vegetables. L...

Background information The article studies one of the key pragmatic goals of professional communication – influencing the addressee – by considering French and English precedent phenomena consequential to the target audience. Advertising as a goal-oriented speech effort is becoming an increasingly popular object of humanitarian research. The inextricable connection of language and culture has recently become the focus of renewed interest, and in this context of professional communication studies, precedent phe...

The study deals with the language used in classified ads on online auction websites. Based on a corpus compiled from Czech online advertising websites during autumn 2016 it describes both extrinsic and intrinsic textual criteria of this discourse in order to create a wholesome linguistic picture of the text type classified ad; furthermore, it compares the results with a similar study based on German classified ads (IMO 2012). The classifieds predominantly feature selling second-hand goods. So the study does not in...

The article deals with an algorithm of projecting of orientation basis of actions of monologueВ’s composition at the English lessons based on activity approach principles in learning. The general approaches to the educational process organization are determined and pointed out within the framework of the algorithm described. The authors of the article define the actionВ’s position in future professional activity of the students. The requirements for monologue (descriptors) are pointed out in the article, their met...

In this work, we applied sociocultural and statistical approaches to perform analysis of the words "dream", "disappointment" and their cognates in Russian, English and German. The electronic library Google Books and defining dictionaries were used as study material. First, we studied and compared dictionary meanings of words “dream” and “disappointment” and then analysed and interpreted frequency of use of these words and their cognates in different years. As for the English language, frequency of the word...

This article deals with the noun gender category and provides its comparative analysis based on the two languages for the purpose of teaching Russian as a foreign language in an audience of Tajik students. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing role of the Russian language in the former USSR republics and the emergence of a stable interest in its study. The aim of the research is to compare the gender category in the native (Tajik) and studied (Russian) languages of the students. The following res...

This article is devoted to the study of the novel by Vladimir Nabokov "The Luzhin Defence" as a reflection of the sensual picture of the world of the writer himself. The scope of the study is limited by the verbs of perceptual vocabulary of the novel. Notable, this work has brought the writer world fame, in addition of interest is the sensual world of the protagonist, which is very similar to the worldview of Nabokov, which allows the analysis of perceptive sensations of the main character to form an idea of the s...

Locative constructions describe various aspects of eventВ’s positioning in the three-dimensional space according to the concrete place of its accomplishment, in particular Earth. This type of location is usually considered to be weekly connected with the characteristics of the event in question. However, this specification is highly important for the semantic interpretation of the text as well as understanding the whole structure of the situation. In the prepositional system of Russian there are many items oriente...

In recent times, in the context of the contemporary anthropocentric linguistics, when the study of the pragmatic aspect of the language system functioning becomes particularly relevant, many linguists turned to an issue of particles that are the universal explicators of the semantic and pragmatic meanings (refer to works of A. Wierzbicka, T.M. Nikolaeva, I.M. Boguslavskiy and others). Despite very active and rather fruitful studying of particles, that for a long time had remained on the periphery of research inter...

Speech portraying of political figures is a popular research area of modern Russian linguistics (??????? 2007, ????????? 2012, ???????? 2016, ??????? 2012, ?????? 2014, ????? 2016, ???????? 2009, etc). Normally, the scholar’s attention is focused on the discourse of national leaders – kings, presidents, prime-ministers, etc. Meanwhile, the political figures of a lower status (for instance, governors or city mayors) may also be of great scientific interest from the perspective of their communicative behaviour an...

Mass media is the most expanded means of communication nowadays. For decades mass media has been actively working out the strategies to influence the recipientВ’s mind. In this research the author makes efforts to make a survey of what appears to be the most efficient, acute and widely practiced expressive stylistic means applicable in the media. The key word here is expressiveness since it reflects the speaker's attitude to the events and forms the pragmatic value of the text. As modern psycholinguists believe, e...

This article analyses the sustainability of legislation providing the developments of the Estonian national language and foreign languages. The model for content analysis designed by the authors is based on the AGIL paradigm or AGIL model by Talcott Parsons, which states that the continuity of a social system requires the balance performance between four components of the system: adaptation (A), goal attainment (G), integration (I) and latent pattern maintenance (L) or values. Our results demonstrate that the Stra...

The relevance of the topic researched is determined by general theoretical significance of synonymy relations in the language connections system. The object of the study is historical digression into synonymy. The subject of the study is synonymy in general. The origins of the consideration of synonymy are reflected in ancient philosophy. Ancient scientists in their reflections on the language form, on the nature of the name drew attention to the existence of several names for the same thing. This feature of the l...

Temporal specification of events presents a number of aspects which may be expressed separately or jointly in prepositional constructions. Russian prepositions with meanings from the temporal semantic domain usually phrase the relation to some moment of time as a simultaneity, precedence or forwardness. The form of the temporal mark may be explicit specifying some particular moment such as the time of day and date or the period of time expressed in time measures as well as implicit referring to other event. Some p...

The article deals with the peculiarities of information compression in the process of professional activity of a biologist (as a representative of the natural-science direction) and philologist (the representative of the humanitarian sciences). As the main method of research the semantic charting of the text, based on the psycholinguistic experiment, was used. The analysis of the themes and microthemes wording was based on the principle of matching/ mismatching of the wordings with the words from the whole texts: ...

Cognitive linguistics has already taken its place in the concept paradigm in contemporary world linguistics. The establishment and development of exactly cognitive linguistics in modern times is one of the most important problems of this period linguistics. Cognitive linguistic studies the language as a cognitive mechanism playing a certain role in transformation and coding of data. Investigating the semantic structure of the components included in the root word slots in the conceptual context is a completely new ...

The fixed phrase scheme of the modern German language В«Wie + AF (?)!В» is of great importance for the communication practice, because the use of this scheme in spoken speech increases the efficiency of the communicative process, giving it a natural and relaxed character. It has been established that this scheme is capable of expressing different meanings: В«statementВ», В«negationВ» and В«negative evaluationВ». The spe?ific character of its signified element is the combination of dictum and modus propositions. Th...

The paper presents a part of a research project which is aimed at the creation of corpus-driven semantic field of the concept of "empire" in Russian, English and Czech languages. The result will be a lexical semantic net (thesaurus) with frequency characteristics and usage examples for lexical units. This paper presents results of automatic creation of the semantic field in Russian. Achievement of the goal is provided with the solution of a number of tasks, in particular, the corpus research of semantic relations ...

The article explores functional and semantic peculiarities of the lexico-semantic field “power” in the Old Russian language of the XI-XIV century. The most commonly used and succinct in the above mentioned field are the lexemes vlast' / volost' (“power”) which were originally synonyms but later they acquired specialized meanings. Gradually, the originally undivided meaning of the lexeme “power” including the following senses: possession, tenancy, land and territory was divided into separate meanings ac...

The article deals with the analysis of the inventories of the Royal AlcГЎzar in Madrid. These inventories (1666, 1686, 1700) were first published by Yves Bottineau in the French journal The Spanish Bulletin in 1958. Yves Bottineau was also the first to study and comment on the inventories. In particular, he identified the items from the inventories with those preserved till today. However, the inventories still hold a great amount of information which has not been studied until now. For example, the inventories ca...

The object of the research is the comparative study of French and Russian idiomatic phrases. The study of idiomatic phrases in the process of learning a foreign language is an important element in learning this language. Idioms are one of the ways not just to learn foreign languages, particularly French, but to understand samples of expressive speech that contributes to broaden the mind. The article presents the lexical-semantic analysis of idioms of French and Russian and explores the similarities and differences...

In the presented work there have been investigated the issues of the endangered language ecology on the example of the Tsovatush (Bats) language, the member of the Nakh branch of the North Caucasian language family, spoken by the population of only half the village Zemo Alvani, situated in Georgia, namely, in Akhmeta region. Research focus is on the sociolinguistic factors of language endangerment. For revealing the reasons causing the danger of Tsovatush language and the stimulating characteristics for switching ...

The authors of the article are concerned with allusive proper names (APNs) functioning in the narrative discourse as culturemes (by Russian linguist V.V. Vorobyev) which mark fragments of social and cultural experience of humanity or lingvocultural communities. APNs are positioned above the vocabulary of common currency. Originating from the sphere of social and cultural practice they serve to concisely if not symbolically designate various parts of the semantic structure of the narrative discourse and introduce h...

The results of a study into communicative failures typical of a foreignerВ’s written speech are presented in this paper. Among numerous barriers hindering the process of communication in a foreign language (in our case the Russian language), those barriers which impede further development of communicative exchange and sometimes render it almost impossible, are of particular interest in this study. The goal of a specialist in teaching methods is developing a technology for the identification of communicative failur...

The medieval Moslem scholars among the special features of the of the Qur??n first and foremost mentioned its inimitability and uniqueness as the final revelation of God. As for the modern researches they also consider it as a unique source of information related both to the history and culture of ancient Arabia and linguistic situation on the peninsula as well. Its uniqueness not only in its origin but also because this text is a unique example of the language spoken in Arabia at that time. The text of the Qur??n...

Intercultural communication terms based on analysis of some research works done in the field of linguistic and cultural studies. A thesaurus-type dictionary was chosen for the description and presentation of the basic Intercultural Communication (ICC) concepts. The structure of the dictionary entry allows presenting the described system of terms as a semantic system of items which are organized by regular semantic relations. Lexicographic description consists of two parts: - The first part gives information about ...

Traditionally it is considered that mastering skills of a written language when studying Russian presents special difficulty for foreign students. As practice of work with the students bachelors of the first course who are arriving on specialty "Linguistics" or "Philology" and knowing Russian in volume of the first certified level (B1) equally difficult for them shows there is a creation of both productive, and reproductive texts. In the first case the main problem is that they quite often build a written statemen...

The paper deals with the analysis of the news university discourse topical structure. The research goal is to propose a new optimal topical structure model for the South Ural State University (SUSU) website. The integral approach to language and text is chosen as the most productive for the analysis. According to this approach, the university discourse is a type of discourse that reflects cognitive, language, social and cultural reality in a university context. The corpus of texts under analysis is represented by ...

This article is devoted to the empirical confirmation or refutation of an intuitively obvious assumption that more frequent words retain the inflectional type well, while less frequent words tend to change under the influence of analogy. This situation was confirmed in similar works during the study of verb unification process with an irregular declension in English and German: it was proved that the more frequent an irregular verb is, the more time it takes for it to transform into a regular one. However, the Rus...

The article focuses on voice and manners (manner of speaking and behavior) as social indices implicitly attributing social standing to a speaker/character. Modern British and American literature allows us to draw parallels between two cultures in the way the upper-class characters are depicted in novels and through the prism of voice and manners descriptions come to the conclusion that there is one shared code of prosodic and behavioral signs unambiguously indicating a characterВ’s belongingness to the upper class...

Due to fast development of new technologies, to emerging of new products and to discoveries being done in different spheres of life, any language experiences its getting enlarged. All these factors cause positive changes in expansion of a language where a lot of specialized words appear which fix and transmit the knowledge contained in those achievements. To express that knowledge different terminological units representing many phenomena of a lot of scientific areas are used. It is known that specialized words ar...

The word-building methods lying behind the formation of brand names are thoroughly researched. However, little is known about the word-formation potential of the trade marks themselves though the phenomenon may significantly contribute to the study of neologisms and the ways that help to enrich the vocabulary. This work is devoted to studying the peculiarities of word formation processes occurring on the basis of word trade marks in the English language. The author studies composition, affixation and conversion as...

This text represents the results of a research in the prison Sv?tlГЎ nad SГЎzavou. The goal was to analyze written expressions of female prisoners, who are voluntarily attending the educational facility within this prison. Content and language findings show, that writing is an important part of education in prisons. Written expressions cultivate personality of prisoners, improving their language skills and the ability to think.