Scholarly record

WORD BUILDING IN THE SPHERE OF PHYSICS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE COMMONLY-USED VOCABULARY

K. F. Makayev, L. R. Sakaeva, M. A. Yakhin, G. Z. Makayeva, M. K. Gulkanyan

Abstract

Due to fast development of new technologies, to emerging of new products and to discoveries being done in different spheres of life, any language experiences its getting enlarged. All these factors cause positive changes in expansion of a language where a lot of specialized words appear which fix and transmit the knowledge contained in those achievements. To express that knowledge different terminological units representing many phenomena of a lot of scientific areas are used. It is known that specialized words are represented in a relatively new science - terminology. Being a new scientific sphere, it requires different approaches to its research and application. Emergence of so many specialized words used in a great amount of scientific areas, including physics one, shows the level of civilizationВ’s development, makes up a verbal stratum, and leads to the necessity of regulation of these words. Emergence of these words contributes to increasing the number of commonly-used words as well. Both the process of emerging of new words, and their transition to the stratum of commonly-used words need to be studied and regulated. Disorderly functioning words may cause difficulties, sometimes even exceedingly hard problems, in their use in different situations of professional communication. From the philological point of view there is no commonly accepted opinion on the process of transition of words from terminology stratum to a commonly-used one and vice versa. On the basis of above mentioned the topicality of our work is researching the ways of forming of professional words in the sphere of physics and their influence on the growth of the quantity of commonly-used vocabulary. Scientific and theoretical literature states that the issues considered in this research have been solved, but not completely. For example, influence of specialized words on the commonly-used vocabulary requires its consideration. The research is based on the methods of comparison, observing, and collation. Considered and observed are professional words of the physics sphere from the point of view of their emergence, as well as their transition to the stratum of commonly-used vocabulary. The research showed that the main ways of enlarging the number of physics sphere vocabulary are substantivation and conversion. The research indicates that there exist such word derivation criteria as semantic, synonymic, frequency, and word building. These criteria serve to define the emergence date of the word through defining its transition from one part of speech to another one. Survey of dictionaries, academic literature showed that the terminology of physics sphere is represented by such productive word building methods as word formation, morphological, and affixation ones. Further evidence includes the facts that transition of words from professional strata to commonly-used one occurs in two stages following each other: despecialization and determinolization. These processes occur due to use of specialized vocabulary in usual literature which deals with no specialty, when the term acquires additional connotation meaning influencing the context perception of sense. Analyses of the professional vocabulary which have transmitted to commonly used one revealed a shift in the senses of these lexical units by the transmitting process. Thus, findings of this study prove that the number of professional vocabulary in the sphere of physics is getting enlarged greatly, at the same time the terms of this sphere easily go to the commonly-used stratum by changing their sense after having left the professional sphere. The specialized terminology becomes one of the main sources of vocabulary expansion of the commonly-used stratum.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/3.6/S14.092

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