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The existing trends in the development of modern society reflect the need to form new approaches to the organization and implementation of public administration, as evidenced by the ongoing reorganization of government bodies, the improvement of the regulatory and legal framework to increase the effectiveness of their activities, the expansion of the list of public services provided, the integration of new information technologies and management structures. The current changes in the economy and its digitalization...

The article deals with the analysis of the inventories of the Royal AlcГЎzar in Madrid. These inventories (1666, 1686, 1700) were first published by Yves Bottineau in the French journal The Spanish Bulletin in 1958. Yves Bottineau was also the first to study and comment on the inventories. In particular, he identified the items from the inventories with those preserved till today. However, the inventories still hold a great amount of information which has not been studied until now. For example, the inventories ca...

The effect of goodwill is unquestionable against to its influence on the supplier. goodwill affects the marketing of the company and mainly affects its marketing strategy. The meaning of goodwill is not the same in the world but generally is considered to be an integral part of the companyВ’s value and company assets mainly intangible assets. In many countries, goodwill is considered to be a long-term assets of the company. This refers to countries where is no difference between long-term tangible assets, intangib...

The object of the research is the comparative study of French and Russian idiomatic phrases. The study of idiomatic phrases in the process of learning a foreign language is an important element in learning this language. Idioms are one of the ways not just to learn foreign languages, particularly French, but to understand samples of expressive speech that contributes to broaden the mind. The article presents the lexical-semantic analysis of idioms of French and Russian and explores the similarities and differences...

Business creating and developing is a complex, multifaceted and risky task. One of the ways to solve such tasks is to create an internal control system. Internal control should be exercised at all the levels of enterprise management. The current state of this issue does not provide clear recommendations for solving the problem, and this leads to an increase of the cost and tax burden. The organization of internal control is complicated due to the vagueness of the wording of the content of this type of control in t...

In the presented work there have been investigated the issues of the endangered language ecology on the example of the Tsovatush (Bats) language, the member of the Nakh branch of the North Caucasian language family, spoken by the population of only half the village Zemo Alvani, situated in Georgia, namely, in Akhmeta region. Research focus is on the sociolinguistic factors of language endangerment. For revealing the reasons causing the danger of Tsovatush language and the stimulating characteristics for switching ...

This article describes method of banking activities in the field of the Internet of banking of Russia. The issue of personal finance management services is relevant both for individuals and for families dealing with budget deficits and budget surpluses. Modern financial relations into which a citizen enters tend to become more complicated. This fact makes it necessary for subjects who manage personal finances to master a sufficiently high level of financial literacy. Therefore, personal finance management skills a...

Starting from the production experiences of the early twentieth century for iron fixtures, the paper deals with the technological aspects of the evolution of the section bars composing the Curtisa aluminum windows, from the simple hinged or sliding doors, up to the curtain wall façades.

The planners of coastal defenses, starting from the first years of the Unification of Italy, began to concentrate their interest in organizing a major fortification system in some of the main coastal cities characterized by the presence of ports. When around 1910 it was felt that a breaking of relations with Austria would inevitably lead to conflict, the attention was moved to the north eastern border, resulting in an increased activity in assuring the fortification of this border area. The technological innovatio...

The labyrinth, as a riddle alike, is one of the most primordial cultural images. Initially, its image was related to the prevention of evil and its deterrence, also by luring and imprisoning evil spirits in it. It served to confuse and stop the intruder, who, to enter it, had to guess the puzzle or find its way to its center. The labyrinth, like the templum, was an image of the city, protecting and renewing it. The meaning of this image seems to be ambivalent, but polar and complementary: on the one hand, achievin...

The evolution of the world economy over the last decades has demonstrated its importance in the consolidation / imbalance of world geopolitics for every country. The economic crisis has determined for most states or groups of states to consider a priority the economic stability. Tourism, as part of the state and world economy, is a major contributor to GDP. Besides the financial value (which represents a payable “service”, also determines the international currency), tourism motivates the movement of people, c...

During the last years, the investments flows had a slow increasing trend on local market, even if in Romania were made improvements in order to attract investors, not only from Europe, but worldwide. In this regard, the aim of our study is to identify how the legislative changes have influenced the capital market, especially the investments area, including also the foreign direct investments. Romania was affected by the financial crisis which took place in 2008, so we have analyzed the situation before and after t...

A technological analysis of stone knapping process gives rise to a revision of the traditional in archaeology thesis by F. Bordes: "The Levallois is a technology; the Mousterian is a culture "."The phenomenon of Levallois" is interpreted in this article as a sacral, nonutilitarian process, which stands out among various technologies employed in the Middle Palaeolithic. The Levallois can be considered a phenomenon that marks the beginning of a new stage in our history, when a sacred status was attributed to an act ...

The global problem of the XXI century is the problem of municipal solid waste (MSW). Exactly the problem of solid waste, which concerns everyone, is the most urgent and requires most attention because it affects all Russian cities without any exception (especially the cities of Moscow region and the resort area). The article demonstrates the importance of the ecological approach, as the most attractive for the tourism, when choosing the technological criterion for the preparation of the MSW for recycling. The auth...

The turn of the 21th century has presented a new, significant phase in the functioning of the villas built in the suburban districts of Gda?sk around 100 years ago. Current favorable economic and political circumstances have contributed to an intensification of building investments, including conservation work on historical buildings. Establishing a general conservational concept for the historical villas requires an in-depth analysis of the historical sources and architectural research due to the frequent and sig...

This paper presents an example of historical research for investigating a couple of old locks used for raising and lowering watercraft between stretches of water of different levels on one of the waterways of Milan (Italy), better known as “Navigli”. The “Navigli” canals wooden locks, which nowadays are preserved in the National Museum of Science and Technology “Leonardo da Vinci” of Milan (MUST), are considered an excellence of 15th century Lombard cultural heritage. A current historical analysis was ...

The scientific-educational approach, combining the educational point of view with the scientific criticism of the educational approach, was formed, oddly enough, in the study of alchemy, and views the latter as a stage in the development of chemistry. It is this approach which combined the ideas of the Enlightenment with natural science and its history and became the basis for the formation of a classical view of the Hermetic tradition. This approach is based on the reality of the object of alchemy, proving that i...

The interest of the Renaissance to the antique culture and to the hermeticism consequential led to the study of the Old Egypt and to the research of the Egypt writing. But at the moment of appearance of this interest the understanding of it was lose. 1419 priest from Florence Christoforo de? Buoldemonti found on the island Andros in the Aegean See the manuscript “The Hieroglyphics of Horapollo Nilous”. He bought it and got to Italy. 1505 the manuscript was published in Ancient Greek in Venice. According to the...

The article compares the buildings of historical campuses of four technical universities located in areas related to Polish culture. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, several new technical universities were established in Central and Eastern Europe. In 1844, the Technical Academy was opened in Lviv. In 1899, the Russian who were occupying the east and central part of Poland established the Polytechnic Institute in Warsaw. Soon after two technical universities were established in the eastern part of Pruss...

The modern media community becomes a platform for detecting transformational processes in the mental picture of the world. One of the factors in the analysis and monitoring of these changes is a linguistic mediaperson, its actual state and aspects of formation. Depending on the kind of discursive practices types of a language mediaperson could be classified as an elite language person (publicists in high-quality journals), a neutral language person (citizen journalists, bloggers) and mass linguistic identity (auth...

Created in the image of God, the man is destined for a perfect life, for the similarity with Him, which must be materialized through the presence of grace in his life. The first man, who wavered in the Garden of Eden between „eating” and „not eating” from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, chose to live no longer close to God and to „win” the distance, the independence, and the existence „outside”. Destined to be person, capable and open to the communion of persons, following the model of the ...

One of the most important elements involved in the formation of cultural security of the state is the institution of the family. It is family values that underlie the formation of the civic position of young people, which are expressed in the awareness of their involvement in the ideas, principles, religions and local cultural values of the state. Despite the obvious huge role of the institution of the family for the society as a whole, this structure is not always stable and sometimes disintegrates before it has ...

This paper aims at exploring new methodologies that might render studentsВ’ approach to specialized discourse original and stimulating and is based on two third year courses I held at the University of Parma in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 for undergraduates reading modern languages. Despite the fact that specialised languages have long been perceived as the realm of a restricted group of people, very often we come across them in our daily lives (for instance, in the standing details we find in advertising as well as t...

The paper focuses on the influence of medieval military architecture on the contemporary urban cultural landscape based on the example of the Polish area of Western Pomerania – a historical and geographic land located on the lower Oder. Analytical and statistical studies were carried out on the preserved resource of the medieval city walls. The aim was to determine the resource of military architecture in the areas of Western Pomerania, its valorisation and identify the role it plays in the cultural landscape of...

The EU's collective identity was built on the memory of the Holocaust and, to a lesser extent, colonialism. In the 1990s, this memory began to be replaced by the idea of Captive nations more suitable for new members from CEE and their liberation within the framework of the concept of a В‘Europe Whole and Free and at PeaceВ’. There was a substitution of concepts and the result was a crisis of solidarity. Those integration blocks, where the convergence of the values of migrants and host societies is potentially poss...

There are already abundant articles, studies, and even monographs that try - some with godliness, others with methodical acreditation - reconstruct the presence, work and contribution of the Romanian Orthodox Church as a whole or of its people to the fulfillment of fundamental national ideas such as the Unification of the Principalities, obtaining Independence or the Great Union of 1918. We can not neglect the importance of these scientific achievements, but we can say that some of them have been preoccupied to pr...

In this article the problem of being philosopher is represented. The article is started with the presupposition that philosophers left modern universities and they were replaced by professors of philosophy. The problem here lays in the boundaries that modern student does not need philosophy only as a tool, a terminological and conceptual apparatus, but as a specific way of understanding the self and the Other. Some methods from the practice В‘care of the selfВ’ (Michel Faucalt and Pierre Hadot) and philosophical p...

The former socialist countries that joined the European Union have since managed to reduce the distance of wealth separating them from the richest countries of this bloc, albeit at varying degrees and pace. In the last few years, the so-called middle income trap, which may pose a threat to EU-member post-socialist countries, is attracting more and more attention. Although this concept has many definitions, their common thread is the exhaustion by states falling into such a trap of current simple development factor...

Minimum wage is a tool for regulating the labor market that, over the long term, causes controversy in the areas of both economic theory and practice. The goal of this paper is to present and analyze key theoretical economic approaches to the functioning of the labor market and the tools used to regulate it. These regulatory tools significantly influence the labor marketВ’s allocative efficiency, and we generally consider the institution of minimum wage to be fundamental part of this trend. Therefore, in this pape...

Teacher professionalization is an important challenge for education policies and systems in the European and national contexts. There is an Act of teachersВ’ development in Slovakia since 2009. One of the consequences of the Act is that teachers refer only formal educational activities. However, history shows that we also have (as teachers say) effective forms of non-formal educational activities, e.g. teachers days - teachers of the same subject from different schools or teachers of different subjects from one sc...

The subject of this paper is the design of a modern Buddhist retreat center in the West, which presents and unites both the traditional foundations of the Eastern Buddhist culture and the conditions of the modern Western world. The paper answers the question if it is possible to fully transmit through architecture and landscape design the essence of the Buddhist culture to the modern European surrounding, without losing the root of its ritual background. Because of the increasing popularity of Buddhism in the West...

Spatial development of Russia has large disproportions of financial and economic nature. This can be illustrated by the example – most of the regions have a regional budget deficit. At the same time, the debts of the regions to higher budgets and banks are steadily growing. All this reduces the potential for regional development and the opportunities to ensure the economic security of regions’ development, the financial and economic risks of bankruptcy of the territories are growing. The purpose of the presente...

Due to the existing disproportions in the current ecological and economic condition of the territories within the Arctic zone, high supply of natural resources in the continental and off-shore Arctic areas, ecological fragility of Arctic ecosystems, as well as the need to respect the rights of indigenous peoples, it is necessary to implement differentiated approach when selecting scenarios for strategic development and management. This study examines the economic and mathematical models for the development of the ...

The article describes the market of hotel services in the modern period in St. PETERSBURG and Leningrad region. Regional market instruments and their influence on the market structure change are considered. The volume of the market of hotel services in the conditions of the existing external factors is presented. An attempt is made to identify trends and patterns of development of the hotel services market, to explore the relationship of social, economic, demographic, environmental and other social phenomena and p...

In numerous regions of the world there are artificial mounds, pyramids or earth embankments that distinguish themselves from the surrounding due to their intentional shape pointing to the existence of sacred sites, burial places or the boundaries of protected space. A large number of them refers to the archetype of the mountain, understood as a timeless monumental form rising up to this particular point where the earthly sphere meets the heavenly one. The paper presents the new meanings of the most recognisable la...

The precondition for the well-functioning society and the economic success is a highly skilled labour force. Improving the level of education helps to increase the competitiveness of people on the labour market and at the same time, reduces labour shortages and increases employment in society. The objective of our case-study was to determine the contributory and hindering circumstances of continuing education. Content analysis was used as a quantitative research method, which helps to measure texts by quantitative...

An important element of contemporary social and economic reality takes the form of intra- and intergenerational transfers. They are present both in the entire society scale (macro scale) and in individual families (micro scale). In the subject oriented perspective, among economic intra-family transfers the following types of transfers are identified: “gifts of time”, “gifts of space”, “financial and material transfers”. Financial transfers take two forms: inter vivos and post mortem. The first of them ...

Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods. /Times New Roman, 12/ The paper studies the specifics of the functioning of the ancient Roman monetary system in the period of the late Republic and the early Empire. As a result of the expansion of the economic space that was due to the large conquests, disparities arose b...

Background: Modern studies of the concept of systemic risk presuppose an answer to the main questions: as a systemic risk is defined in the scientific literature and central banks; what is the content of "systemic risk" and what factors are involved in its accumulation; what is "infection" and how does it relate to systemic risk Methods: Central banks rarely suggest a definition of systemic risk. The review of S. Usterlu and J. de Hahn shows that central banks often focus on clarifying definitions of financial ins...

Innovation entrepreneurship in almost every country is important because its existence and development can hypothetically solve the problems of employment, the growth of interest in new developments; in the institutional context, innovation entrepreneurship can have an impact on the level of competitiveness of States. Despite the significant support programs for small and medium-sized businesses at the level of each individual state, there are few substantive results. It is also difficult to understand in detail t...

A child with disabilities means for the family confrontation with new problems. The presence of the child changes the functioning of the family, the quality of life of all its members, and also modifies the needs of the family. The contribution is focused on the detection of needs within the family system. The method of data collection was the standard Bailey and Simeonsson Family Questionnaire (1988) which focuses on 6 areas of need - the need for family support, the need for information, the need to explain to o...

Topicality. The question of self-identification of contemporary national philosophy remains insufficiently studied. This paper specifies the tradition of political philosophical discourse in France – the most influence national philosophy in Europe – and the reconceptualization of its main ideas – freedom, liberty and equality in 21st century. The aim is to propose the case study of Charlie Hebdo and the transformation of the political discourse in Europe. Hypothesis. In France, the date that became the poin...

The 2016-2018 pre-election cycle in France, the USA and Russia showed that the development of analytical methods applied to pre-election campaigns, which would take into consideration the influence of social media and the analysis of the degree of potential electors’ involvement into the Internet, are warrant. The article deals with the results of the empirical research entitled “The pre-Election Campaign Communication Model: comparative analysis of the US experience in Russia”, in which we have analyzed the ...

The article highlights the notion of synergism as applied to speech/discourse in terms of functional linguistics. The term В‘synergismВ’ denotes the ability of self-organising open systems (language and speech included) to combine elements in such a way that their overall effect exceeds pure linear addition of components. This non-linearity is inherent in speech, as the general sense of a text does not usually equal to a mechanically obtained sum of its units semantics. From the angle of functional linguistics, sy...

The exception to contractual non-performance is perceived in the doctrine as a defense or remedy available to a contracting party which, by simply invoking this exception, may block the claim brought by the other party (which has not executed its own obligations), in order to oblige the party that invokes the exception to perform its own contractual obligations. With respect to third parties, the exception to non-performance may be invoked against them, where the claim results from the contract (when the third par...

The article covers developments of interstate relations in Central Asia that were launched in 2013 when Chinese “One Belt, One Road” initiative was announced. The OBOR project factored into Central Asian countries economic development strategies rethinking. Positive attitude towards Chinese initiative became general tendency. Central Asian states saw the OBOR project as an opportunity to provide economic growth by allowing them to generate revenue from China-Europe Central Asiango turnover as well as by provid...

The offence of false testimony is codified in Chapter XXX Article 233 of the Polish Criminal Code: “Offences against the Administration of Justice”. This liability is dependent on the person taking the testimony, while acting within his or her authorisation, must have warned the person testifying about the criminal liability for giving false testimony, or must have obtained a relevant oath. Prior to 2016, the perpetrator of this crime was liable to imprisonment for between six months and three years, but the 2...

Slander is one of four offences codified in Chapter XXVII of the Polish Criminal Code – ‘Offences against Honour and Personal Inviolability’ in Article 212. This is one of the few crimes where prosecution is initiated by private motion. The aggrieved party must submit and support an indictment in the capacity of a private prosecutor and collect all possible evidence necessary to proceed in instituting criminal proceedings. While convicted perpetrators are liable to a fine or restriction of liberty, current leg...

The article discusses some problems of federalism in Russia, which have recently become particularly acute. These problems are related to the specific functioning of the mechanisms of mandatory rotation at the level of heads of subjects of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to show that they are rooted in the peculiarities of the system of federative relations that has been formed over the past 20 years of modern Russian history. Using historical method and also methods of structural-functional analys...

This text is a trial to capture the issue of the oldest wooden orthodox temples in the northern Podlasie region in Poland. The researches were based on available literature and, most of all, on source studies, archival queries and field studies. The previous research outcomes of the author were also used. The first part of the article depicts the general conditions of developing the orthodox architecture in the region. In the next part a basic typology of analyzed orthodox churches is presented. The form of projec...