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This paper undertakes a critical analysis of five key evaluations conducted by UNICEF during the period of 2018-2023, with a specific focus on gender and inclusivity. The study aims to assess how effectively gender and inclusivity considerations have been integrated and addressed in these evaluations, contributing to the broader discourse on equitable and inclusive development practices, in Lesotho. The methodology involves a detailed examination of the selected evaluation reports. This approach enables an indepth...

This meta-analysis delves into UNICEF’s five-year developmental journey in Lesotho (2019-2023), as documented in the Country Office Annual Reports (COAR). It offers a holistic view of the strategic interventions, challenges faced, and successes achieved in this period. The study employs a comprehensive review methodology, integrating quantitative and qualitative data from the COARs to evaluate the impact and adaptability of UNICEF’s programs across various sectors including health, education, child protection, WAS...

Today, renewable energy technologies have been gaining attention more than ever result of the environmental and atmospheric destructive influences of fossil fuels. Renewable energy resources should be taken into account for the strategic opportunities that enable countries to improve their quality of life. Renewable energy resources, such as photovoltaic, solar, tide, wind, and hydrogen energies are still under development period. Due to economic and technological growth and getting increased population, energy co...

The soil represents the "fragile skin" that anchors all life on Earth and from whichbiodiversity springs. The dynamic and complex ecosystem produced by the soil, wherethere are countless species of living things supports the most precious resources for lifeon Earth. It has been scientifically proven that the most used technique for protectingthe soil against environmental factors (drought, erosion) is that of mulching, whichenable the affected areas to be covered with a layer of mulch that will accelerate thenativ...

The world is faced with a difficult energy crisis due to the lackage of fossil fuels, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war. The regions where fossil energy resources are found and produced in the world and the regions with high-energy consumption are separated from each other. For this reason, the transportation of energy from the source regions to the regions where the use consumption is done highly brings along cost and energy security problems. The political stance of Iran and region...

Electricity production takes place in facilities where the maximum technical, economic, and ecological effect can be obtained. Electricity is delivered to consumers using transmission and distribution electrical networks. In the territory of Latvia, the total length of electric network lines in 2021 was 98,032 km, ensuring safe electricity supply to 1.1 million objects. Electric networks cross land properties and occupy certain land areas. In 2021, 1,032,177 land units were registered in Latvia. So, on average, th...

Despite the recent investments in the national integrated waste management infrastructure, Romania is still a landfill based country. The clean-up activities around the country, the uncollected plastic waste flow analysis performed in this paper based on waste related indicators coupled with field observations suggest that capture of plastic waste by formal systems is still inefficient, further leading unsound waste disposal practices. The population without access to waste collection systems generated 488322.25 t...

Background. Assessing ecosystems in terms of their contribution to the human welfare is one of the ways to achieve goals of sustainable development, comprising an important task for the community planning and development. Therefore, the goals of sustainable development at the local level are achieved via employing all types of local resources in particular, in the nature protected areas taking into account the value of ecosystem assets and ecosystem services produced by them for the benefit of the local communitie...

Housing is the basic and social need of every person. Urban development has its own direction and character, planning. It was not different in the case of former Czechoslovakia after 1960 where preference was given to construction of residential buildings using prefabricated units, a choice of direction, which laid a foundation for a mass housing estates development thenceforth. The change in the political system after 1989 led to the creation of a post-socialist society under which the panel housing mass producti...

The aim of the article is to present latest activities in the southern Poland spa resorts. Health resorts located in the piedmont and mountain regions of southern Poland are centers of outstanding natural value, including: landscape, climate and, above all, waters that are used in medicine. Also having confirmed by numerous studies and a long-standing tradition of curing many diseases. [1] Krynica-Zdroj is number one the example of polish spa town, is the most famous spa town in Poland, called the pearl of ‘Polish...

Civil engineering is a branch of the economy that generates many problems related to the entire life cycle of the facility. It is connected with the necessity of carrying out a number of various activities and processes already at the stage of preparing and planning investments and their implementation. Another stage, very important, lasting decades, is the stage of using objects. In engineering activities, the last stage of the object's life cycle is often overlooked, namely its demolition. It is a process that t...

Numerous factors are involved in assessments made to measure the influence of building investments on the natural environment. Most concern the period after a building development has been completed and produces a prolonged impact on nature during its useful life. As important as its future exploitation, there are factors connected with the production of building materials and structure, their transport and assembly as well as any other events associated with the execution of a building plan on site. Noteworthy is...

In the context of urban space, many new concepts now appear. There is talk of modern solutions used in urban areas. More and more information is necessary for the correct and functional management of the city. One of the most frequently used phrases is Smart City. Striving to create smart cities is now a priority. Improving the comfort of living is to be achieved thanks to the latest technologies. This is what Digital City is about to do. The digitization of the city gives the opportunity to determine the directio...

In the context of stimulating personal development, an individual approach to each individual is very important. Considering this approach with respect to modern academic education, it is worth implementing a master-student tradition, lost today with the massification of education. Based on the literature analysis, the following two approaches can be indicated to build personal knowledge. The western strategy focuses on the development and transfer of explicit knowledge, built in a created system of knowledge mana...

The great opportunity to classify risks of the introduction of digital solutions to the organizations, which provide educational services, lies behind the opportunity to measure the degree of implementation of digital solutions in the organization and the degree of collaborations about digital solutions, both inside and outside of the organization. The paper classifies the risks of introducing digital solutions, depending on the stage of the life cycle. Authors analyzed risks of introduction, growth and maturity a...

The aim of the article is to analyze the transformations of the spatial structure occurring on single-family housing estates, in the context of existing planning regulations. These transformations, in order to adapt buildings (originally of small cubature) to contemporary standards and needs, consists primarily of their horizontal and vertical development. The BGK estate on Kolo (in Warsaw), created in the pre-war period, was selected as the research area. It consisted of one-storey buildings (with a usable attic)...

In 2010 the municipality of Senigallia, located in Marche region (Italy),requested to thethe Department of Agricultural Sciences together with the Department of TerritorialPlanning of the Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna and in collaboration with four architects, two agronomists and communaltechnicians to draft the Green Masterplan (GM) of the city. Aim of the request was to promote a neat, homogeneous and sustainable development of the territory and improve the quality of life and the wellness of its inhabitants. ...

The carsharing of a current generation is a short-term car renting service with a capability to find in the nearest surrounding a fleet car parked anywhere in the public space where the previous user left it, as well as to book, open, rent and pay of, with the use of a dedicated mobile application. Nowadays, only a minority of municipalities is considering implementing the carsharing in their policies. The lack of awareness of decision-makers about carsharing results from the lack of a research regarding complex p...

Poland is at the beginning of the revitalization process, which started in 2015, when the legal framework had been provided. The revitalization process, understood as an innovative change that is based on four equally important aspects – the social, the economic, the infrastructural and the ecological ones, has been facing an important barrier in Poland. After over two decades of constant modernization, public involvement in planning is still rather symbolic. Having addressed these problems ever since 2010, a team...

Landscape development is a long-term process which is influenced both by natural and anthropogenic factors. Coal mining and the associated processes, such as subsidence, are in most cases the primary driving forces that influence the landscape and land use in coal mining areas. Moreover, coal mining usually triggers a series of ecological and environmental problems that may result in social and economic issues. The aim of the article is to analyze and assess land use changes, their causes and consequences in the m...

Taking into account environmental, socio-economical, health and safety aspects cycling is fastest growing sustainable mobility alternatives also in Latvian municipalities, having a growing number and diversity of cycling communication projects, but still facing a number of growth difficulties, particularly, lacking governance system development approach and having cycling practice realization fragmentation. Having yet no national framework or any overall support system, in the same time, there are to be seen cases...

At the beginning of the XVth Century Europe was stepping away of the sacred, humanism was sweeping through the continent, starting with the Florentines and Venetians. Thus far, art had been acceptable as made for the glory of God. It is said that, at that time, the most noble art was architecture and the most noble building was the church. By the coming of Rinascimento, sacral themes were slowly being preempted by the scientific approach with the human, God and nature existing in harmony and cohesion. Italian arti...

Construction of various types of buildings and engineering structures invariably interferes, although to different degrees, with the surrounding environment. Every development project is executed in a strictly delineated area and under specific conditions. While planning a construction project, the investor is obligated to analyze several variants of its execution, including an assessment of different effects it may have on the environment. The investor can evaluate the impact on the surrounding ecosystems, in its...

Contrary to the southern Europe the first signs of Renaissance in northern parts of the Holy Roman Empire as well as in Poland and Lithuania might be observed only at the beginning of the 16th century. Initially, they were created by Italian teams which came from Florence, Rome and the region of Como. One of the most recognizable marks of that process was the transfer of the Italian craftsmen and architectural solutions, e.g. the team of Bartolomeo Berreci from Florence who built the Sigmund’s Chapel in the capita...

The article presents technical solutions for the design of automated information systems that allow automating the management of municipal programs. Description of technical solutions is the content of the approach to the design of software equipment used in making managerial decisions by the municipal management authorities in the Russian Federation. A set of technical solutions can be used to prepare a technical task for the development of the system, and as a rationale in describing the characteristics of the s...

The article draws attention to the social transformation in the fourteenth century and the beginning of the fifteenth century in Florence. During this time, the position of the guild gradually decreased, and the wealth and importance of patricians grew. The increase in the financial capacity of the townspeople has contributed to the rise of their ambitions. Some of them were aspiring to the role of aristocracy. The only barrier was their origin. Cosimo de 'Medici called ‘the Elder’ was a merchant, banker and human...

The aim of the article is to study ways of the implementation of the strategy of the economic diversification in countries – major oil exporters. It is well-known that the expansion of non-oil sources of added value is the main guideline of the economic diversification and decreasing the dependency on oil revenues in the developing countries – oil exporters. Many economists recommend to such states rapid privatization and reduction of the government participation in the economy as almost the only way of the divers...

In the era of ever-faster transformation of city space, people need a "green" oasis to rest, relax or improve health. The therapeutic effect of various forms of greenery is associated with the human healthiness. The feeling of spirituality during contact with green space in the metaphysical sense is also important. Green areas are both, a place for rest and contemplation (psychological aspect), as well as they improve concentration and physical condition, but also "refresh" the mind. Green areas are an integral pa...

The article shows how regional smart specializations that are currently the most important tool of European innovation policy may be perceived, and if effective, should constitute innovative ecosystems. The article presents the concepts of smart specializations and innovative ecosystems. The concept of innovative ecosystems is presented from the perspective of its foundation and relations to other concepts and theories. Cooperation in innovation process by varied actors is considered the major feature of both smar...

The rate of changes and the growing uncertainty rise to the need for a strategic approach to development planning, which is active and flexible in relation to the changing reality. Strategic planning, occurring in companies, was adapted by the social-economic development planning of self-government units. However, there are difficulties in applying the strategic planning in the spatial planning and integration of the two forms of planning rarely takes place. Scientific publications focus on strategic planning of s...

Electrical lighting solutions affect the functioning of contemporary cites at a night-time. Urban lighting is associated with vision, provision of information and security as well as with the intelligent technologies. The amount, the appearance of light and its setup can significantly affect human behaviours and contribute tomajor spatial changes. This article verifies how emerging lighting technologies correspond with a design of the built environmentand how they may improve the robustness and resilience of a con...

The concept of an “in-between-city” (Zwischenstadt) interprets the urban sprawl in Europe as a new, evolving model of urban development, taking the form of urbanized landscapes, which does not correspond with the traditional understanding of urban design. The actual shape of an in-between-city reflects the today’s technology and economy generating new lifestyles: global trends coexist with the locality in a strong relation. The qualification process concordant with the new logic of space creation requires new plan...

The article focuses on the impact of underground brown coal and lignite mining and landslides on land use. The study area is represented by the Handlová town and municipality of Cige? (Western Slovakia) which are well-known in Slovakia for subsurface mining of brown coal and lignite. Furthermore, the study area is susceptible to landslides. The first mention about brown coal surface mining is from the year 1772 (Handlová) and the year 1784 (Cige?) although industrial coal mining began in 1909. At present, active c...

In history of architecture and urban planning, there are examples of theoretical projects that had much higher impact on history of building construction art than actual buildings realized by authors of such theoretical projects. During 10th Architecture Biennale in Venice, in 2006, Italian architects presented an original concept of city VEMA, located near Verona and Mantua, positioned on a cross axis along Lisbon–Kiev and Berlin–Palermo line. The model of the ideal city that has crystalized in theoretical archit...

In the context of an increased traffic volume and number of pedestrians on the streets and roads, we can observe an increase in the number of road traffic accidents involving road users, particularly children and adolescents. Children and adolescents get involved in road traffic accidents mainly due to ignorance of the rules of safe behavior on the streets and roads or traffic violations, as they do not comprehend the consequences of these violations. Therefore, it is very important to develop a sense of disciplin...

In the Roman Empire, roads were built for trade communications: one of the branches, which took over the Alps, was called Via Sucinaria Romana and it reached the south-east coast of the Baltic Sea, where the Balts’ tribes lived. In the 13th century, German knights subjugated the areas populated by the Balts’ and founded regular planned cities, borrowing urban planning skills from Romans. On March 5, 1562, during the Livonian War the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (Latin: Ducatus Curlandiae et Semigallia; 1562–17...

Sustainable building structures are one of presumptions of long-lasting and environmental friendly urban areas. Building structures are affected by many contrary impacts within their lifetime, i.e. weather, human, animal, vegetable, fungal and environmental interventions, natural and non-natural disasters. Timely and appropriate maintenance or other remedial measures could be selected using up-to date diagnostics or monitoring methods. One of the big issues of the building sustainability can be found in durability...

The development and growth of the autonomy of the regions implies an increase in their degree of recognition, related to the increase of international economic relations and trade. One of these options is a free economic zone, as a particular type of state (or private) regulation of international economic relations and trade. Free economic zones around the world must include free - commercial, port, economic, banking - or duty - free shops and warehouses. Generally, they are designed to stimulate industrial export...

The article is dedicated to the issues on implementation of cooperation between the governmental bodies of the Russian Federation (RF) regions, self-governing bodies and potential developers (investors) based on the geoinformation technologies in order to support and provide the investment construction projects in the engineer prepared territories with information and in order to improve the investment feasibility features of the RF regions. The authors viewed the results on implementation of the investment projec...

The modern urban planning needs to be flexible and take into account the urban environment transformation during the mega-event organization process. Most of the researchers agree that, so called, mega-events have the significant influence on different aspects of the host city’s life. Major of them also tend to evaluate the character and the degree of this impact. The research represents quite comprehensive data. The approaches used for selecting and grouping the impact of mega-events are chosen randomly. The auth...

The article compares the buildings of historical campuses of four technical universities located in areas related to Polish culture. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, several new technical universities were established in Central and Eastern Europe. In 1844, the Technical Academy was opened in Lviv. In 1899, the Russian who were occupying the east and central part of Poland established the Polytechnic Institute in Warsaw. Soon after two technical universities were established in the eastern part of Pruss...

Road safety is still a highly debated issue in all developed countries with automotive traffic. All groups of participants are endangered, while drivers and motorists in motor vehicles are more or less protected by the vehicle itself, cyclists and motorcyclists are partly protected by, for example, a helmet, but pedestrians are not protected at all. The pedestrian is therefore the most vulnerable road user. The article deals with the influence of the longitudinal solution of the communication on the perspective of...

Traffic accidents and their elimination are a very current topic in today's century. Besides the human factor, design elements in the area of the roads are also affected by this problem. The article deals with the analysis of design elements in the vicinity of the roads and their impact on the occurrence of traffic accidents. Design elements, especially elements of the transport infrastructure - materials and surface, trees and vegetation, outdoor lighting, street furniture, objects and facilities for services, ob...

Objects of cultural heritage are an extremely important element in the proper functioning of the social life. They provide information on our ancestors' actions, as well as shape our culture and social awareness. It is important for the historical objects to provide those information accurately, that is without any unnecessary human intervention over the years of the monument's existence. However, it is not always possible due to the damages influencing the objects. Actions aiming at strengthening the structure ne...

Detailed assessments on the feasibility of a project help to define its implementation strategies, moreover mitigating its non-quality risks. As a formal guarantee of this principle, processes concerning the construction of public works in Italy consider an ex-ante phase of the programme, which encompasses projects accompanied by feasibility checks of design alternatives. The latter, through technical, economic, managerial, etc., assessments, represents a decision-making support for the planning and design of indi...

Spatial zoning is regulated by numerous laws, acts of law and ordinances. On the other hand, it should reach out to meet the needs of growing cities and housing estates as well as the business sphere connected with urban areas. The limits of human settlements change constantly, their areas can grow and this invariably entails the spread of roads and road networks. Roads are essential for the economic growth of regions, but their construction often raises controversies. The localization of a transportation route so...

Based on the researches focused on the historic trusses of the sacral buildings in Slovakia, we analysed these trusses in order to uncover their geometric concepts and proportional relations. Several trusses in Bohemia and Moravia were also analysed. The proportional relation of a truss to a building was also taken into account in some cases. The data on the principles used in historic trusses of the sacral buildings, supported with the period literature, were applied to the historic truss of the Gothic Roman-Cath...

The aim of the article is to present new activities in the located in the region of southern Poland spa resorts. In Poland there are 45 spa resorts (mostly small towns and villages) half of them were developed in the southern part of Poland and many of them are interesting examples of the transformations of the urban public space in a spa resorts. Almost all those settlements are locate in the outstanding natural environment including landscapes, climate and above all in the water, confirm a number of studies and ...

Modern airports and their surroundings are constantly changing, as does the form and functions of contemporary cities. So far, the public awareness associated airports with the place of plane landing, functioning of control towers and other facilities used for air transport. Currently, this traditional model gives way to the idea of the so-called air cities. This idea is based on the assumption that in addition to own infrastructure and services, the airport also develops additional services, not related to air, w...

Engineering activity is charged with a very high risk. The engineering and construction activity is connected with a number of tasks, both planning and design as well as execution and maintenance of facilities already in use. At each stage of investment process operation they depend on a number of external and internal factors. They have a large impact on the success or failure of the investment project. When preparing the project, it is necessary to analyze the accompanying conditions. Recognizing possible threat...