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THERAPEUTIC ROLE OF GREEN AREAS IN SMALL TOWNS ON THE EXAMPLE OF GERMANY AND POLAND
Abstract
In the era of ever-faster transformation of city space, people need a "green" oasis to rest, relax or improve health. The therapeutic effect of various forms of greenery is associated with the human healthiness. The feeling of spirituality during contact with green space in the metaphysical sense is also important. Green areas are both, a place for rest and contemplation (psychological aspect), as well as they improve concentration and physical condition, but also "refresh" the mind. Green areas are an integral part of space for treatment and rehabilitation. That is why more and more often attention is paid not only to the natural, landscape, or decorative role of parks and gardens, but also to their therapeutic significance. Research indicates a special role of greenery by improving physical and mental health of people. Green therapy is more often included in the development programs of regions with high natural potential and commonly used in health and medical centers. This topic is also connected with interest of people involved in the design of landscape architecture objects and planners who adapt the space of resorts, hospitals and centers to the requirements of people with diverse physical or mental fitness. The green areas are important part of every health resort. Parks, green spaces and gardens have biological and ornamental functions, but they also play a significant impact on the condition of people, which is why they are used in "green therapy". The aim of the work is analysis of the current state of parks, including parks in health resorts and green areas near medical centers as well as hospitals. Supplementary therapy for patients with various physical and psychological dysfunctions assumes, among others, various activities in health parks. Competently designed park or garden which combining the landscape values with a special program and appropriate selection of vegetation can affect the well-being of patients. An even better result is the active use of sports and recreation infrastructure on designated health paths, walking and cycling routes, sports and therapeutic pools, an outdoor gyms, and elements in sensory gardens. The author presents examples of parks and green areas with a therapeutic function in Polish and German small towns, including spa, health resorts, Cittaslow towns and medical centers. In the paper the role of therapeutic elements supporting treatment was described. Then, the program of various therapeutic activities in green areas was evaluated. In addition, an analysis of functional and spatial connections of spa parks with the city was made.
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