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MUNICIPAL CYCLING GOVERNANCE DEVELOPMENTS IN LATVIA: INSTRUMENTAL COMPLEMENTARITY PRECONDITION
Abstract
Taking into account environmental, socio-economical, health and safety aspects cycling is fastest growing sustainable mobility alternatives also in Latvian municipalities, having a growing number and diversity of cycling communication projects, but still facing a number of growth difficulties, particularly, lacking governance system development approach and having cycling practice realization fragmentation. Having yet no national framework or any overall support system, in the same time, there are to be seen cases of application, even not complementary, of the most necessary governance instruments: planning, political-legislative, administrative-institutional, economic-financial, infrastructure and technological, as well as communication. The research was conducted in Valmiera town municipality as the sample case of medium and small size town municipalities, realized within the framework of the SUSTINNO National research grant project, that covered main aspects of pro-environmental behavior, including mobility and cycling particularly. The case study research methodology allowed the performance of the complex and detailed assessment of to be growing municipal cycling governance situation through the complementary set of methods: document studies, household behavior questionnaires, inhabitant express questionnaires and in-depth interviews with the all main stakeholder groups, as well as cycling practice and infrastructure observations. This complex assessment highlights necessary complementary use of the whole set of governance instruments towards cycling development and new sectoral governance system development and its integrative governance application at a municipal/local level, including cycling governance content, stakeholder collaboration as well as governance cycle process as for existing problem/situation analysis, policy design and formulation, planning, program implementation and process monitoring stages. Conclusions and recommendations could be adaptedly applied to other local municipalities, planning regions and also national level in Latvia and further afield.
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