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Adolescence is a period of vulnerability for risk behaviours such as substance use or unprotected sexual activities that pose significant threats to the health and wellbeing. A nationally representative sample of 3,524 high school seniors was included in our study. A self-administered online questionnaire assessed the health-related risk behaviours such as substance use, sexual behaviours and suicidal history. Overall results indicated that risk behaviours prevalence was higher among Romanian adolescents compared ...

The objective of this work is to contribute to validation of the Meyer and Allen Commitment Questionnaire for the call centre population in Portugal. According to the authors, organizational commitment is a psychological state, a mindset, a dependent variable that explains the link between individual and organization. Eighteen hundred employees (32.1% male; 56.9% female; M = 31.12 years, DP = 8.91) answered the Affective and Continuance scales of the tool. We carried out exploratory factor analysis with 30% of tea...

The article discusses the phenomenon of discrimination based on appearance. Theoretical and experimental work of Russian and foreign researchers devoted to such varieties of discrimination as: lookism, ageism, discrimination based on weight (fat / slim) (weightism), discrimination on the rise (highism) and others, most of them comes from mass media. Provides empirical evidence for studying various aspects of discrimination in appearance. Analyzed interview of 170 women in two age groups: conventionally called "you...

As a fundamental part of personality, behavior represents the modality of acting and reacting in certain circumstances or situations. Specialty literature describes three types of behavior: aggressive, assertive and nonassertive ones. The purpose of this paper is to construct the assertive behavior profile in performance sports, but also to highlight the behavioral differences, depending on the type of sport practiced by the subjects of our study (individual sports, team sports and combat sports). In order to achi...

Anchoring effect, systematically influence by random and uninformative starting points, is robust. In a between - subject experiment (N = 199; groups: control, anchoring, with forewarning alone, in conjunction with overconfidence note) we placed the participants in a certain numerical information and then we attempt to diminish the impact of this number of judgments about various issues they did not suffer a knowledge about. The experimental questions were sorted according to the extraction of particular anchor (s...

Lie detection through nonverbal behavior is not a standard m ethod, but it is intuitive process, applied by lay persons and professionals. In our research we are interested in the ability of different professional groups to detect lie this way. As a part of this research we also follow certain characteristics that m ight differentiate between more and less successful persons. We focus on different cues they follow in their decision making process and certain stereotypes they might use during their decision. In ano...

The aim of study was to find predictors of psychological critical thinking in university students. We have hypothesed that the main factors which could predict the level of critical psychological thinking will be cognitive competence, scientific thinking, learning approach, and academic achievement. As methods of data gathering were used the self-referencing techniques (Lawson’s test of psychological critical thinking, Magno’s scientific thinking inventory, Approaches to Studying Inventory developed by Tait, E...

Space exploration and mapping and communication are crucial abilities of mobile robots for the intelligent autonomous systems. Space monitoring and correct results representing requires understanding communication method. The best form to represent the results form research simulations is the 3D visualization. The paper describes the communication form between pupil - robots and virtual pupil and developed tool for generation and communication art of warning messages by using the virtual speaking head.

The paper is devoted to the problem of studying the personal representations about safety as a component of worldview and a person’s activity regulator. The research purpose is to develop and verify a questionnaire that would be able to detect a person’s representations about safety. The study includes different methods of analyzing data: theoretical analysis, content-analysis, interview, testing, correlation analysis and factor analysis. Two hundred and four subjects, aged from 18 to 25, participated in the s...

It is generally believed that the more the growing global competition makes it strategically important to continuous improvement for all types of organizations, therefore different methods are geared to develop continuous improvement in production processes (such as Total Quality Management or more recently, Six Sigma ): although all that there are few scientific studies on this topic. We consider continuous improvement performance of a worker as the behaviors of perfecting and enhancing in the job tasks. The pres...

Cooperation within organizations has been considered a key asset for organizational performance, effectiveness and overall success. The aim of the present research is to study the psychometric properties of the Organizational Cooperation Questionnaire in a sample of research team members. The innovation of this study is in assessing organizational cooperation in a sample which has not been widely researched. Given its distinctive characteristics of teamwork, goals interdependence and effort coordination, research ...

The article describes the results of studies of coping behavior of orphans in difficult (crisis) situations. The testees are 100 adolescents without parental care, 13-15 years old (N = 100). Markers of mental trouble of orphan children are analysed, the analysis of protective models of behavior of the teenagers who have endured ill treatment in a family is carried out. Typical destructive models of behavior of orphan children in crisis situations are revealed, their comparative characteristic is submitted. The wor...

Background: The family is the primary scene of socialization therefore it determines the child’s development substantially. The style of the parents’ child rearing is one factor in the development process. This study examines three types of parenting styles: the dimension of support and affection, the dimension of restrictive control, and the dimension of overprotection. The child’s emotional and behavioral features relate strongly to the use of these strategies. The presence of rituals in the life of the fa...

Decision making competencies belong to a broad group of general competencies. Relationships between decision making competencies and maximization tendency were investigated in a sample of 118 high school students. The Adult Decision-Making Competence was used to assess six decision making competencies and Maximization Scale to inspect maximization tendency and its three components. Multiple linear regression was used to predict maximization tendency. The entire model was found to be significant and almost all corr...

The market segmentation tool is an additional methodology during the in-store field studies with psycho-physiological parameters. During the in-store measurements, it is frequently necessary to segment and profile participants. This methodology is based on the Limbic Type® system that performs segmentation according to the motivations of purchase decisions. Paper based questionnaire and the participants’ verbal feedback were used for the scales pilot testing (n=80). The final scales constructions were tested wi...

The article is devoted to theoretical and empirical studying of a problem of a normative (humanistic) orientation of the identity of students and experts of helping professions. It contains data on degree of expressiveness of an altruistic orientation at teachers and students of a pedagogical profile also. It is revealed that high expressiveness of altruistic motives is characteristic for smaller number of future teachers (students) in comparison with acting teachers. It, in turn, confirms importance of creation o...

Cognitive impairment and dementia are the problems of great importance in neurology, psychology, neuropsychology, psychiatry and clinical linguistics. Causes for cognitive impairment and dementia are various: Alzheimer’s disease, vascular diseases (Binswanger’s disease, CADASIL – Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy, etc.), dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal degeneration, Huntingtons disease, Creutzfeldt’s – Jakob’s disease, multiple sclerosi...

People strongly prefer options with exact probabilities of outcomes to those with uncertain probabilities, expressing ambiguity aversion. Its manifestations are reflected in various domains of real-life decisions, particularly among monetary choices. Recent research suggests amplification of ambiguity avoidance under social influence, however with several methodological limitations. Therefore, we tested the effects of accountability and responsibility on aversion towards ambiguity in two between-subject experiment...

Children and adolescents with HIV are prone to neurological and psychological problems, not only due to the drugs they take, but also because of stigma, prejudice and discrimination that this disease frequently involves (New, Lee, & Elliot, 2007). Studies show that they present more behavioural and learning problems and reveal attention deficit (Armstrong et al., 1993; Brouwers et al., 1998). The main goal of this study was to assess emotional and behavioural problems of children and adolescents infected with HIV,...

The effort to know and minutely analyze the neuropsychological developmentin children must accompany any educational intervention, because child’s stimulation towards the specific evolving trends will lead to the early emergence of its positive effects, while an intervention that doesn’t comply with the developmental laws and trends may be considered by the psychic system as a perturbing factor. Due to its extension to other scientific fields, too, sports psychology has constantly passed through major developm...

This article presents the results of the study of the ethnic identity as a component of the social identity of the Russian and Armenian school students. The study found that the majority of the teenagers of both nationalities have their ethnic identity formed, while in both samples the positive identity dominates, there is an ethnic indifference also. In comparison with the Armenian teenagers the Russian teenagers are characteristical to have a more positive attitude towards their own ethnic identity and readiness...

The aim of our research. The article deals with the phenomenon of evaluation of ethno-cultural types of facial appearance from a position of the psychology of social knowledge, categorization of which is carried to a greater extent, on the basis of ordinary designations ("Caucasian facial appearance", "Slavic facial appearance", "Asian facial appearance"). These designations types of facial appearance penetrate into various spheres of life and are one of reasons of discrimination against members of ethno-cultural ...

The first part of the article reviews researches conducted at psychiatric hospital Kromeriz at the department for neurotics in the first psychotherapy community for persons with neurosis in Czech Republic. Therapists of two departments of this hospital conducted dramatherapy sessions and followed these researches by their own study focused on evaluation of dramatherapy process. The article presents the results of the investigation of validity of the evaluation rating used in this hospital during dramatherapy sessi...

The paper describes selected results of a longitudinal research study focusing on the changes in the attitudes of the students of the Faculty of Education, Palacky University, Olomouc (referred to as FE PU) to a wider educational reality. The research study was performed on a sample of 809 respondents. The respondents were students of the same fields of study in two consecutive stages in 2006/2007 (grade 1) and 2009/2010/2011/2012 (final grades). The aim of the first research stage was, using a simplified standard...

Prostitution is a subject that raises an intense debate in all the societies. Nowadays, the discussion exists as to whether it is work like any other or exploitation of women. In this sense, we can find a discourse that considers it as a free activity between adults and so defends its existence and another view that considers prostitution one of the patriarchal practices that has to disappear before achieving equality. The debate is polarized and intense in the academic and activist scene, but little is known abou...

The aim was to explore gender differences in cyber-violence in high school samples from a small town. Research was conducted on two samples of second grade students (N1=249 school year 2011/2012, N2=339 school year 2012/2013). Cyber Victim and Bullying Scale (CVBS) was used. Prevalence of internet violence in first sample was 24.9% (experiencing) and 27.7% (committing) and in second sample was 17.7% (experiencing) and 16.5% (committing). Decrease is probably the result of some preventive actions, but the numbers a...

The report presents the results of a research aimed at identification of common dimensions of cognitive distortions. The research sample consisted of 336 respondents. Occurence of cognitive distortions was ob served with the help of 10 categories based on Becks Cognitive Theory [ 1]. Cognitive distortions were identified by means of daily records containing 10 pages per diary. The factor analysis generated four factors of cognitive distortions (selectiveelective-extrem e thinking thinking, personalizationersonaliz...

Although most psychotherapeutic interventions have a significant impact on the patients` well-being, there is no consensus on the optimal psychotherapeutic intervention in working with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) patients. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different therapeutic strategies and to determine which type of psychotherapeutic intervention can improve the patients` psychosocial integration, ART (antiretroviral treatment) adherence, anxiety and depression. A number of 80 HIV-posit...

Article is devoted to a problem of formation of independence to the teens which are in a situation of family trouble. The purpose of research ? to identify characteristics of independence of teenagers from dysfunctional families in comparison with adolescents from healthy families. Methods are used in research: the theoretical analysis of a problem of development of the identity of the child in dysfunctional family, poll, testing, conversation, the ?*-test. In this paper analyzed the importance of family in the fo...

Background: The health care sector is a major employer. Great attention will be paid to health care professionals as a result of the increasing demand for health care due to an aging population. The nursing profession forms the majority amongst medical staff. It is a profession involving both physical and mental demands. The research focuses on the rate of burnout syndrome, motivation factors of Herzberg’s two-factor motivation theory and their mutual relationship amongst general nurses working at the General Un...

The aim of this article is to give a theoretical overview of the problem dealing with manager’s personality, personal characteristics, personal and work burden and, last but not least, coping with difficult situations and burden in management. Among partial aims of this article include the specification of chosen features of manager role and evaluation of alternative solutions to stress situations. The present study introduces our own research, experimental evaluation of working hypothesis, evaluation of researc...

Prevention and eradication of corruption which becomes increasingly complex requires a multidiscipline approach; one of which is a psychological approach. It is often debated whether salary and family situation, as well as the way individuals place themselves in the relational context between self and others, influence individuals’ moral emotions (corruption tendency). This research aimed to address that question by using a quantitative, predictive correlational design. Participants of this study were 308 civil ...

Euro implementation in all three Baltic countries provides an opportunity for pan-Baltic organisations to centralise financial market and accounting operations. In order to achieve efficiency and reduced costs, international teams with local expertise will need to work on a best solution for all three Baltic countries. Projects usually involve discussions, arguing and conflicts. In conflict situations stereotypes can negatively affect communication process (people tend to concentrate on people not on a problem). T...

At least in the adult population, it is well known that certain cognitive styles constitute vulnerability factors for specific emotional disorders. A preference asymmetry towards negative stimuli is common to both mood and anxiety disorders. For the purpose of understanding how this pervasive asymmetry towards negative features of stimuli influences emotional development the most promising area to examine is how emotions develop typically or become problematic during adolescence according to cognitive particularit...

The purpose of this research is to deepen previous studies of the psychometric properties of the Organizational Recognition of the Contributive Uniqueness Questionnaire (ORCUQ) [1], through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with a larger sample than that previously used. Contributive uniqueness is the unique contribution of each individual to the team’s functioning when working cooperatively. The uniqueness of individuals seems to be, on one hand, an individual need, and on the other hand a characteristic which...

The results of empirical investigation of the specific features of children and adults’ behavior in the situations of physical and psychical strain are presented in the article. The phenomenon of steady transfer of the complicated situations by the personality is connected with the pattern of self-restriction. It is shown that self-restriction is a way to overcome internal personal conflict within the trichoyomy of “I want – I cannot – I need to”. This pattern is mastered by the children and adolescents ...

Becoming-a-person processes have been the issue of a heated discussion in modern Russian psychology for recent years. Two major theories existing on the issue are the concept of personalization (V.A. Petrowsky, 1981) and the concept of personification (A.B. Orlov, 1995). Both theories regard personalization process as the realization of an individual’s need to be a person (to become a personality); but the personification concept considers an alternative personification process, regarded to realize the need of a...

The aim of this research was to analyze and systematize complex data of qualitative research on purpose to determine substantial and peculiar traits of A.Alekseichik’s “Intensive Therapeutic Life (ITL)” method. Goals of research: 1) discuss A.Alekseichk‘s impact on (post)Soviet psychotherapy, 2) to present theoretical background and basic concepts of ITL, 3) to discern specific ways of therapist’s work during therapeutic process according to ITL. Paper is based on qualitative research which consist of an...

This paper presents the findings of an experiment conducted in an innovative way through the use of the most popular social network: Facebook. Exploiting the system of “like” and “share”, on which this online platform is based, thousands of artwork images were submitted to a sample of over 10,000 users worldwide. Through the metrics analysis related to the aesthetic choices expressed by the users, it was observed that viewers are inclined to react in the same way towards certain visual stimuli coming from ...

Background: For cancer patients, all aspects of life are influenced negatively. Several factors associated with QOL dimensions, such as age, fatigue, depression, anxiety, perceived social support have been identified. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine demographic and psychosocial factors (anxiety, depression, social support, mastery) and their influence on the quality of life (QOL) among gynaecologic cancer patients. Methods: 211 gynaecologic cancer patients (cervix, endometrium – 115; breasts...

The results of the survey of personal growth as creative major senior students’ moral development are presented. Methodological basis of the experiment to be cultural-historical conception of psyche development having allowed us to carry out the experiment in the delicate and active sphere of the student’s personality mental life to be moral choice was shown.

Luthans et al. [10] suggested organizational behavior would focus on Positive Organizational Behavior (POB). Adopting the positive emotions as the object of study, hope, resilience, self-efficacy and optimism were presented as POB states that could represent a superior order of configuration called Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Avey et al. [1]. Luthans et al. [10] proposed the PsyCap Questionnaire for the American population, in order to measure a new concept in the area of organizational psychology. Despite Mach...

The increased interest in the religious fact and, consequently, in spirituality, has gradually led to a milder reserve regarding their introduction in the study of man’s “psychical” health from the perspective of psychology. Man is neither just a body nor just a soul, but a soul and a body at the same time, having bodily, psychic (related to the soul) and spiritual needs, which gives him a threefold dimension: somatic, psychic (of the soul) and spiritual. Therefore, man lives psychological states, yet his sp...

TSKBM vigilance control system is designed to maintain locomotive drivers wakeful during work shift. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of this system by simulating work conditions at night. The simulation was performed on 30 participant train drivers in a specialized training complex "Drivers compartment of EP1M locomotive”, which allowed to register operation errors; continuous video recording and electroencephalography were used as additional control. At the end of a simulated trip, particip...

The difficulties in life connected with upbringing of a child with special needs lead to high level of distress for parents. Mainly negative influence of the child’s disease upon intrafamilial and extrafamilial functioning, psychological well-being of parents define the necessity of regular help for such people. Aims of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) correspond to psychological problems of relatives of children with special needs. As few sources show, REBT has a significant potential in assisting paren...

Motivation of addicted clients is perceived as a part of the “essential treatment-related perceptions” complex. The level of motivation when entering treatment significantly influences the duration of treatment and its outcome. Therefore, motivation is very important and the knowledge of particular components essentially influences possible interventions and maintenance of abstinence of an addicted person. We also suppose that it can be a predictor of premature dropout. One of cited components is external moti...

Recently, due to the widespread occurrence of the manipulations in the public life and interpersonal relationships as well, the study of the effect of the persons manipulative tendencies on his relationships in the group is of great current interest. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship satisfaction in the group of subjects who are prone to manipulations. The methods of the study were survey, sociometry method, conversation, observation. The study involved 85 people, members of 4 groups. The st...

Now in the Russian and the world community the increased interest to the lie phenomenon is felt. It is confirmed by the number of scientific publications, popular books, the success of the television series "Lie to Me", and the discussion of this topic on the Internet. The twenty-first century is the information age, and its broadcasting holds the possibility of its distortion. In this regard the development of the protection mechanisms against the information distortion becomes more actual, both at intergroup, an...

The paper focuses on the description and analysis of social competencies and self-efficacy in university students. The research participants were 210 university students (68.6 % were male) with a mean age of 22.7 years. The research was conducted in two countries: Slovakia (N = 102) and Czech Republic (N = 106). The Social Skills Inventory developed by Riggio, & Carney and Sherer’s et al. Self-Efficacy Scale were used as the techniques of data gathering. The research results showed a significant relationship bet...

Politicians and political parties very often hire advertising specialists that serve like experts – consultants during pre-election campaigns creating the images that correspond to the demands of the electorate [4]. The aim of the research is to investigate the social representations of the politicians of Latvia about the ideal image of a politician. The research methods are method of association analysis and interview (partially structured). The research selection was made up of the Latvian politicians (N=114)....