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Over the last ten years the variations of religious extremism has been increased sufficiently. Taking into view the controversial nature of the concept content and the difficulty of its adequate use there is a necessity to study the reasons for this affairs state. The reason for the study was the official announcement of the “yellow level” introduction because of the terrorism on the territory of Kazakhstan and enhancement of the diversity of forms of its manifestation in Russia. A group of researchers believes th...

Economic and social issues were together with migration crisis in Europe top issues of parliamentary election campaign in the Slovak Republic in 2015/2016. Relevant political parties performed their proposals for future social and economic orientation of the country. Ruling social democrats (DIRECTION-SD) called for fixing their social program and present new initiative in that area (in sense of deepening of current social program). On the other hand, small right (opposition) political parties emphasized the neces...

The poverty as a social problem in post-communist countries began to be an important issue in social and economic sciences at the beginning of the nineties. In the Czech Republic, the poverty is a social problem, which includes both types of polarizing poverty - objective poverty (mostly income poverty) and subjective (emotional or situational poverty). Both types embody their possible consequence – a multidimensional deprivation (Sirovátka, Mares, Ve?erník, Green, 2002). Deprivation in the context of our project ...

European integration is probably the most successful example of integration in the world. After World War II six of European countries – France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Luxemburg and the Netherlands decided to cooperate more closely - mainly in the field of the economic cooperation (only later in political one). And it worked. The process of integration deepened slowly but effectively and more countries decided to join, the United Kingdom as well. The United Kingdom became the member of the European Communities i...

From 2008, an increase of Russian Federation ambitions has induced public demand in EU countries to strengthen their military power. A new recruitment wave is affected by economic struggle, previous downsize of overall equipment, still unfit legislation and low willingness of young generation to serve in order to protect our globalized society. When recent eligible pool of society does explicit difficulties to recruit, then gravity of our interest will have to be pulled to upcoming generation. Moreover, current mi...

The objective of a country’s economic diplomacy is to gather all foreign policy instruments and to consequently implement them successfully, in order to advance the economic interests of the country itself. Therefore, economic diplomacy must be ensured by an efficient framework for institutional cooperation which is aimed at furthering a country’s economic interests abroad. The cooperation with international organizations, mainly economic organizations such as World Trade Organization and Organization for Economic...

The article is aimed to follow the process of establishment and development of national approach of such international actors as Turkey, Iran and Saudi Arabia to the new international subsystem within Central Asia taking place at the first decade after the Soviet Union collapse. The authors focus on analysis of detailed and pragmatic fundamentals of political drivers of Islamic countries’ implementation of the foreign policy course in Central Asia. The work focuses on the identification of the idealistic and pragm...

Although some types of administration have existed earlier, however, the traditional public administration model actually dates back to the middle of the nineteenth century. Previous administration systems showed an important characteristic. They were "personal", based on loyalty to a particular individual as a king or a minister, instead of being "undetermined" on the basis of legitimacy and loyalty to the organization and the state. Their practices often resulted in corruption or abuse of office for personal gai...

Border delimitation processes in the past decade have been characterized by involvement of interdisciplinary professionals such as: Legal experts, land surveyors, geographers, political scientists, historians, security experts, along with border practitioners engaged in the real aspects of border demarcation, delimitation and management. Frontier disputes caused various challenges to new countries of former SFR Yugoslavia. This article provides an overview of the dispute and debates on border demarcation process b...

Article is written on actual topic connected with formation of the common migration policy of the European Union and improvement of the European legislation in the sphere of regulation of migratory processes. The analysis which is carried out in article reflects the profound changes which happened in the legislation of the European Union at a turn of the XX-XXI centuries in the field of migration policy. Activities of institutes of the European Union for development and realization of effective migration policy pr...

Modern society is characterized by a common desire to pursue higher education after school. This is defined as a measure of democracy. Is it truly so? Do all school graduates must pursue higher education? Perhaps this universal movement determines the life plans of a school graduate and pushes him\her to choose what is approved and give up on what is interesting and where he or she could achieve certain success. In this article, we would like to focus on the overall concept, which was adopted by society and has ch...

The authors reveal the structure of the new political phenomenon - network public policy, formed under the influence of societal changes in contemporary society. As a result of these changes, political institutions and practices acquired new network universal qualities. Network public policy takes place in an environment integrated with the Internet public space and includes the activities of various social and political actors that have significant levels of reflection and use network mechanisms to search for res...

Like in many other countries, the status of women in Croatian politics is neither satisfactory nor have their political rights been developed to an adequate degree. Croatian women face numerous prejudices and stereotypes and are almost invisible at a high political level. Consequently, the number of Croatian female MPs is small despite the fact that the rules on electoral gender quotas were introduced in 2008. As stipulated by those rules, there shall be at least 40% of women on parliamentary candidate lists. Inst...

The Republic of Macedonia passes through many turbulences, it faces with problems of different nature(various kinds) and in particular with the problems of interethnic, inter religious, intercultural, socio-economic characters etc. The environment of the party moment reflects on political, ideological and ethnic overpopulation. In the ideological sense collide left-wing and right-wing ideologies expressed through SDSM and VMRO-DPMNE, in the interethnic sense clashes(collide) between Macedonia and ethnic Albanians ...

In this article, the autors wanted to expose that the Internet has become very important tool of political communication between citizens and political representatives in modern world and that its importance is increasing. In recent years the advent of new tools and social networks demonstrates true strenght of medium such as the Internet. The Internet, as a new medium, appeared quite recently, at the end of the 20th century. This medium creates new opportunities in political communication. Besides direct access t...

The article analyzes the trend in the balance of forces between the Western countries and a group of rapidly developing countries of the BRICS group of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. BRICS demonstrate the very different path of development, but all of them are intensively the processes of modernization and technological renovation of production areas. The analysis on several fronts: features BRICS as an international organization; modernization of the economy; trade relations between the BRICS coun...

At European Union level is the regular adaptation of the principles laying down the basic standards dealing with the area of migration and asylum policy. European Union external migration and asylum cooperation has increased as the result of the integration and the current refugee crisis resulting in a new instruments of cooperation with the third partner countries. This article reflects on an overview of forms of European Union external actions with a pointing out the current situation in Slovak republic. The stu...

The article deals with the structure of the civil society forming in Russia. A lot of attention has been given to this phenomenon recently both in theory and in practical terms. Over the last years, major changes have taken place in the social and political life of Russia. New institutions have appeared. According to their formal features they can be assigned to the elements of civil society. However, there are some opinions that civil society in Russia is still in its infancy. The article analyses the reasons why...

The very nature of the elite phenomenon urgently requires researchers to use an integrated approach, especially in analyzing the system of their core values laid down in each professional community. Since the elite always points to the best that exists in every professional community, the study of the axiological and acmeological data of the elites is the most important condition for any elitological analysis. Empirical measurements can reveal the quality of a particular elite in the current time (“here-and-now” m...

Recent experience of Presidencies in the Council of the European Union was characterised by direct participation of V4 countries: the Czech Republic (2009), Hungary (2011) and Poland (2011). Lessons learned also suggest that Member States of the European Union might remain in the spotlight even after completion of their Presidencies. Moreover, in the (geo)strategic regional context, the European Union and its enlargement process open up to the potential and synergies of regional initiatives. Multidisciplinary appl...

Discourse plays an important role in political systems, especially during the electoral period and electoral campaigns. National politicians often used a wide range of themes that are related to any level of the political system, just to be elected once again. In such a competitive world, discourses and buzzwords play an important role in framing behaviour and relations. The themes of regionalization, good governance, autonomy, decentralization and reforms are very popular words of politicians at national level wh...

The main purpose of this paper is to reveal main characteristics of the conflict interaction between a business and authorities in Russia. Another purpose is to verify analytical possibilities of several concepts of the conflict studies for their usefulness in the examination of our subject in the post-Soviet Russia. This analysis gives us opportunities to solve an analytical problem of the conflict analysis in Russia and to describe the content of the new business development in Russia. There are specific ties be...

Robert Fico's candidacy in the Slovak presidential election in 2014 from the position of the Slovak Prime Minister may be perceived as a challenge to restructure the functioning of the executive power. Fico's authority and political past would be in the presidential office in sharp contrast with previous directly elected presidents, who at the time of taking the Office were the small political parties chairmen. Robert Fico as the president of the Slovak Republic could actualize the government system transformation...

Improvement of social situation of Roma citizens in Slovakia has been task for Slovak political elites for decades. It seems like no government or municipality is able to prepare real solution with long term effect. The problem also existed during totalitarian era in former Czechoslovakia. The most visible and the most intensive attempts to solve the issue were those from the late 60s and early 70s of the last century. The goal was to identify the main areas that were the cause of the exclusion of the Roma citizen...

The primary objective of the drafters of the Constitution should be the drafting of a real constitution that takes into account the actual social reality of a country, its real development objectives, the report of the social forces and ensure its implementation in practice. The makers of the constitution on the occasion of the drafting of each article of the constitution should think how it complies with reality, and whether it can be implemented in practice. To devise a realistic and functional constitution mean...

This article is the pilot study of the research focused on ethical values, virtues and character values of students. The main purpose is explain research aimed at investigating university students' perceptions of ethical values, including their importance, application, usefulness, origin, benefits and need for education. For students is necessary to accept ethical values benefits in all aspects of their life and then, to be aware of these advantages and to start applying and developing them in our daily activities...

Romania and Hungary, two countries of the former Soviet Bloc, have started on their post-communist project having pretty many similarities. In the beginning they adopted the same soviet model of social organization and similar institutional framework, but, until the end of the regime they matured following divergent paths. One of the most obvious differences between the two was their different attitude towards nationalism. While the western neighbour was constantly trying to avoid it, at least at the official leve...

It is well known that the gravest dangers to international security are no longer military threats from rival great powers, but trans-border threats emerging from the world's most vulnerable countries. The key connection between weak and failing states, on the one hand, and transnational threats, on the other, is undeniable. Political thinkers such as Francis Fukuyama hold that “since the end of the Cold War, weak and failing states have arguably become the single-most important problem for international orderвЂ...

In the broadest sense, the concept of sustainable development is a set of activities pursuing the long-term trends in the social, economic, and environmental development. Its implementation is subject to voluntariness in approach, the selection of objectives itself, the way of their implementation, and the necessary partnership of all involved. Sustainable development at the regional level in the Czech Republic applies to the regions which have a legal obligation to take care of the versatile development of their ...

The concept of social conflict is within the field of social knowledge, explaining the principles of the society as a system of the integration of elements that are constantly disintegrated by their conflict interests. The article deals with the theory of socio-political order conflict nature, genesis and ideological basis of socio-political order, and the interrelation of conflict as a means of needs satisfaction and socio-political order. Authors conclude that a modern society represents, as a matter of fact, th...

Arab spring almost unaffected Morocco and as result are changes in its constitution, such as Berbers language recognition as an official, and official gender equality. Herein, some possible explanation of this result is presented. Significant factors are location on the margin of islamic world, relations with Europe, belief to join EU, and Berbers support of ruling King as well. Unique aspect of Moroccan King Mohammed VI as not only political leader, but also spiritual one. Finally, King Mohammed VI did not undere...

The submitted paper is a case study dealing with the criteria of statehood stated in the Montevideo Convention of 1933. The Convention sets four criteria of statehood: permanent population, defined territory, government and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. On the basis of these criteria, the submitted paper is divided to four chapters, where each chapter deals with one of the criteria of statehood applied to the case of Abkhazia. The resulting text primarily draws on resources from field res...

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the electoral reforms that have been performed in Romania in the last 25 years, in order to identify their effects, which have been, in some cases, harmful to the already difficult process of transition to democracy. We base our working hypothesis on the assumption that the large number of these reforms, as well as, in some cases, their ambiguity and/or complexity, represented important criteria which led to a constant decrease in the population's voting participation a...

In an earlier paper titled “European Union Enlargement to the Western Balkans applied to the Acapulco typology of agenda-setting: Focus on Montenegro, Serbia and FYROM revisited” (čiderova, Fejesova & Kovačevic, 2015) interactive matrix of the Acapulco typology of agenda-setting was stretched to the context of the European Union external relations (namely, macro-regional strategies of the European Union and regional cooperation initiatives) and enlargement (particularly the Western Balkans). Fulfillment of t...

The prevention of a terrorism in the frame of civil and environmental protection getting to be more important within the last decade. Ongoing intensive industrial development and production of chemical substances provides new opportunities and tools to modern terrorist groups, which may represent the major threats to the citizens and the environment. Common - industrially produced - chemicals, which are classified as toxic or highly toxic, can be quite easily abused (in the forms of improvised chemical weapons) fo...

The main research question in this paper refers to top-down Europeanization of subnational government levels, in the context of implementing the open government policies. In the last few decades, democratic deficit and growing passivization of citizens in political life keep denoting the European countries. Therefore, it seemed important to explore all options for increasing democratic legitimacy of the public authorities' actions and decisions. This paper is focused on citizens' participation in public life on su...

The aim of the paper is to motivate the Government and local authorities to manage and plan the development of urban communities in the next 5 – 10 years through public policies. Globalization, as an external factor accelerated the movement of population towards great cities and developed countries several times. Nowadays, ¾ of European population live in cities. This tells us that these kinds of movements are a result of human instinct in search for a better life. The city offers better living and working cond...

Transparency is considered as one of the key features of good governance and an essential prerequisite for accountability. In simplified terms, transparency means openness of the system, clear processes and procedures and easy access to public information. By doing so, it is contributing to ethical awareness in public service by information sharing, which ultimately ensures accountability for the performance of the individuals and organizations handling resources or holding public office' (Suk Kim et al 2005: 649)...

Creation of Common foreign security policy is determined by many factors. The aim of this paper is to analyze and recognize the populist tendencies in foreign policy making. Foreign policy is one of the most important policies of countries. After the Lisbon Treaty there were the biggest changes in the competences of foreign policy. The main objective of the policy is to keep peace around the world. The process of creation in the policy is difficult because of the member states status. Populism is notable in this c...

Vatican diplomacy will play important role in international relations, where is a significant source as a soft power. As follows from casustics herein, the Pope might be a great mediator in some stages of conflicts. However, we have to take into consideration some limitations. The Pope's power is not equally all over the world due to particular religion strength. If we are talking about Vatican diplomacy, it is necessary to define, what it is. Unfortunately, differences between Vatican City State and the Holy See ...

The paper deals with a broader emphasis on sustainable environmental policy and for the fact, that security and safety of the citizens from disasters of natural and anthropogenic origin could not been done only through the classic concepts of population protection, but also through the protection of the Environment and its specific parts (atmosphere, water, biota, soil). On the basis of researches of this challenge and growing importance of environmental security all over the world, two Czech teams of experts (VSB...

While respecting the variety of inter-group conflicts, most of them have a tendency to be related to political power, i.e. state power. That is because political subjects try to gain the biggest share of power possible, i.e. gain the possibility to influence its distribution, achieve certain goals and advance certain interests against the will of others. These efforts are common for individuals, groups within states, or among states. Clash of interests and opposition of goals occur and led to a political conflict....

The transformation process of the Slovak Republic from a socialist state into a democratic republic left scope and considerable potential for the creation and establishment of the charismatic leadership in terms of emerging young democracy. The development of Slovak political system after the fall of communism was the least linear in all the surrounding countries undergoing these transitions. The aim of this work will therefore mean serving an analysis of meciarism period and its main protagonist- Vladimir Meciar ...

The paper devotes to the problem of client-initiated occupational violence against workers in public administration. In Slovakia, this issue is still lacking proper attention from academic and political perspective. The aims of study: 1. To make out the extent forms and frequency of client-initiated occupational violence against public officials (in period of previous year). 2. To assess how Guidelines for prevention of third party violence and harassment at work have been adapted in branches of public administrat...

The structure of contemporary international relations is multilateral in nature and stage of the international system is rather of entropy. Changes in the system of international relations in the last two decades regrouped states as basic elements of the system, and states are now looking for a new place in the emerging new temporary balance. The symmetry of relations between the great powers is changing and radius of action of medium and small states in international relations has diminished. What are now possibi...

According to estimations of relevant institutions, the private sector, experts, citizens, public administration shows lack of administrative capacity in the implementation of constitutional and legal functions. It is intense of all countries claiming to be members of the EU countries improve their governance and efficiency as a prerequisite for achieving the economic and political objectives in the functioning and in providing services to the citizens. The Government of the Republic of Macedonia should come out fr...

Whereas the concepts of human living is the fulfilment of needs, interests and values to achieve greater benefits, so the conflict is a natural part of human existence and communication, and it is therefore impossible to avoid all conflicts and their consequences. In intercultural context as well as in international relations, conflict is defined as the perceived or actual incompatibility of values, expectations, processes, or outcomes between two or more parties from different cultures. Intercultural conflict typ...

This paper will deal with issues related to social distance between ethnic groups in Macedonia. Our intention is to define the development of democracy, 20 years after pluralism. The questions which this paper tends to answer are: Based on the social aspect is Macedonia transforming to state of citizens, as were the expectations of the majority or is it becoming state of one ethnicity? How much is social justice oriented to service the needs of citizens? Is there discrimination on ethical basis? Based on their pre...

Given that it is the most representative government component of any public administrative system, we have proposed in this paper, to analyze how government is organized and invested in several European countries. Constitutions of various countries governing find distinct features and in terms of organizational structure or incompatibilities regime. Regarding the appointment of the Government, it is determined by the existing constitutional or parliamentary system, constitutional monarchy or semi-presidential regi...

Discourse plays an important role in political systems, especially during the electoral period and electoral campaigns. National politicians often used a wide range of themes that are related to any level of the political system, just to be elected once again. In such a competitive world, discourses and buzzwords play an important role in framing behaviour and relations. The themes of regionalization, good governance, autonomy, decentralization and reforms are very popular words of politicians at national level wh...