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The effective use of production factors and their right combination is in focus of the economics and is an integral part of the economic practice. Defining of the efficient allocation of resources is very difficult, because the term efficiency has different meanings, in theory and in practice. The ability to assess properly the relationship between the factors of production and the subsequent production is a prerequisite for effective management of the company from the perspective of planning and optimizing of the...

In the article is carried out the general analysis of profit sources and JSC “Nizhnekamskneftekhim” losses are separated the internal and external factors\ldots. For the periods of 2005 - 2012 and 2005 - 2011 are constructed еру models of extensive and intensive growth for the purpose of the accounting of their shares in production management on the near-term outlook.

Tourism has represented and represents a fundamental link of the complex process of economic development. However, tourism is ensuring economic sustainability through intensive and effective use of its natural and human resources. And, given the fact that the image of a country is given by the degree of development of the tertiary sector, it becomes obvious that the hospitality and tourism industry development depend not only on the overall progress of each country, but also that of all human resources and their w...

Population aging phenomenon is recorded not just in highly economically developed countries but it is felt even in the less developed countries. The aging of the population affected the Czech Republic as well. Over the last 20 years there has been quite a dramatic change in the age structure of the population. Population aging brings with it the need for a wide range of changes in the functioning of society in areas that are significantly affected by the age structure of the population. The main areas are the fund...

The paper aims to provide the theoretical basis for developing a framework to analyze the main social and political factors affecting tax morale and compliance in Greece. Initially, the explanation of tax compliance by the neoclassical economic theory is presented, followed by a critical review of the neoclassical model. In turn, other, contemporary theories and approaches are presented and analyzed. The main feature of the interpretative power of these theories is that they have managed to innovate by using tools...

The submitted thesis called “Environmental Impact Analysis of Railways” deals with life cycle of superstructure, which includes rails (metals), rail road ties, rail fastening system and track ballast. The analysis is processed using the LCA, by the principle of from cradle-to-grave“. This principle is often used in industrial practice. It consists in product life cycle costing, from raw material acquisition, but it ends by leaving the production, the stage of product use and its removal are not weighed. In t...

The debt crisis in the European Union revealed the bottlenecks developments in public finances of several Member States. Despite the fact that the deepening fiscal imbalance is correlated mainly with crisis phenomena of the prior five years, insight into the evolution of public finances suggests long-term problems for management of public administration in several countries of the European Union, both in the field of streamlining processes in the public sector, as well as approaches to the responsible fulfillment ...

Starting from the constant controversy regarding the capitalization of Dracula's myth, the paper analyses the place of Dracula tourism in the Romanian national policy and local destination management. The study focuses on two key Dracula destinations and highlights the main actors and strategies that have shaped their evolution as well as the main components of local heritage capitalized.

Foreign trade is one of the ways in which the national economy of the country is involved into the international division of labor with other countries. The extent of the participation of countries in international trade depends on the variety economic, political, natural, technical or other conditions. Due to the relatively small internal market and lack of sufficient energy and raw materials is the Slovak economy very open in the long term, what created the conditions for a highly positive development. In the co...

In Romania, pig carcass classification started in March 2006 and, according to the EU regulation, it was implemented as a compulsory activity in all slaughterhouses, regardless their size. At present, the lean meat content is predicted on the basis of objective carcass measurements obtained with the “Two Points” method applied with the ruler (Zwei Punkte method) or with two optical probes (Fat-O-Meat'er and OptiGrade-Pro). In order to meet the European Commission's requirements regarding the harmonization of t...

Universities have different ways of gaining an understanding of the way their students and graduates view the academic process. They often follow up with alumni after they graduate and also gather survey data from students. The purpose of our study is to gain an understanding of the perception of a group of students and graduates, the ones that engage in an exchange that is part of crowdsourcing named micro-tasking, of their experience as students. Crowdsourcing is a recent 21st century invention, created as a res...

Market globalization constitutes a vivacious entrepreneur platform in recent years. Demand stimulus played a key role in the holdings international scenario. Nursery gardening is herein fairly involved due to the great variety of products available in international markets that are routinely renovated to increase demand. Product increasing innovation is done by companies with ample finance and human resources, as well as hi tech plants. Companies keep experimenting new market strategies: one of them is to add sell...

Mineral waters have a non-uniform distribution in Romania, being present mainly in the Subcarpathian area, where the Mio-Pliocene formations offer conditions of water storage and circulation. Their genesis is related to the area of certain hydrocarbon, coal and salt reserves. The mineralogical content of the waters from Vulcana BДѓi is similar to that of the waters from Govora, OlДѓneЕџti, BДѓltДѓЕЈesti, Bazna; predominant are the sulphurous waters, although here one can find as well waters containing iodide, salt...

The research is devoted to the problem of transformation of the Russian economic space within the framework of the current geopolitical risks, as well as the assessment of current trends and prospects of Russian-Ukrainian relations, using the comparative approach, and under the provisions of the two States in relation to the centers of global power.

The paper studied the systems of agriculture practiced in Romania. Currently in Romania there are farming systems very complex. The complexity of systems is determined by the natural and socio-economic conditions, the development level of the science and technology with the evolution of human society. The literature contains a large number of farming systems and their name is made by one of the specific measures (specific work) that these includes. The Systems Agriculture widely used and those dominated are: the c...

After 1989, due the economic changes made in Romania, the Danubian ports have suffered a decrease of the activities. They have changed the structure of functions. Many of them stopped or have a very low activity. All these problems are reflected in demography. The dynamic of population is negative, people leave these towns, the rate of unemployment increase. Fetesti has the same trend as the other Danubian towns of Romania. The only escape is to revive the commerce and the tourism, because the favourable position:...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between foreign direct investment in tourism and total foreign direct investment in Croatia. The study employs econometric techniques such as unit root test, Johansen co-integration and Granger and Toda-Yamamoto causality tests in vector autoregressive model (VAR) using quarterly time series data from 2000 to 2012. The results do not confirm the existence of a stable co-integrated relationship between variables in the long run. The Granger causali...

The overall aim of this study is to identify and analyse the tourist demand in the rural areas of a European peripheral region, in Romania. Rural tourism often represents one of the most popular and also controversial solutions for rural spaces in difficulty. At the same time, it is known that the tourism products centred on rural areas with socio-economic difficulties often lack applicability and strategy, due mainly to a poor understanding and adaption to the tourist needs. The paper is based on the results of a...

The lack of a realistic vision of the future for the European village, on the qualifications needed for the diversification of activities, which set up a multifunctional rural development becomes more acute. At Community level there are a number of initiatives for rural development, LEADER is one of them, whose purpose is to encourage, at European level, public-private partnerships and sharing best practices to promoting rural world. Public-private solution, as cooperation, in various forms, from public authoritie...

The paper describes modern tendencies of budget risks management in the region. Some factors of budget-fiscal security and its threshold limit value for the Russian Federal subjects and municipal units are revealed. A system of factors which generate budget risks, areas of budget risks at the regional level is well founded.

In globalized world quality of life becomes an essential part of modern civilization, and the business practices of the prevailing opinion are the decisive factors in enterprise systems and in their further development of the quality of products and services. Therefore, there is a raising need of quality of all kinds of goods and services, and in this connection, tourism services as well. Instead of mass-appeal, extension and uniformity, a crucial role in meeting the needs of tourists now rests on individuality, d...

The article discusses the changes in the nature of work and labor relations in the post-industrial economy. Modern trends of development of flexible employment, changes in the balance of work and leisure time are analyzed in the paper. Particular attention is given to remote employment, telework, freelance and its development in Russia. The article studies the socio-economic consequences of the spread of flexible employment, offer new approaches to the statistical treatment of various forms of flexible employment.

In this article, there are demographic statistics of Russia revealing decreased turn-out of qualified workers and graduates with primary and secondary vocational education. The article proves social and economic feasibility of rehabilitation of disabled people as qualified specialists or instructors. Also, the article determines main deterrents to the maximal possible rehabilitation of disabled people and sets up measures aimed at elimination of such deterrents.

The article is focused on identification of factors of competitiveness, which are divided on external and internal factors of competitiveness. Aim of this paper is to analyze the competitiveness of the V4 countries in comparison with the EU countries on the basis of macroeconomic indicators evaluation and the subsequent use of selected indices of competitiveness assesment. Although competitiveness is still difficult to measure, there are factors that affect it and not just the intradepartmental, but also on the se...

This paper reviews the country-of-origin literature and presents a tendency among those that investigate the phenomena that was born in the late 1990's deriving from the country-of-origin to the brand origin. In general terms, the value of literature reviews resides in their ability to provide scholars, students, and practitioners with a critical appraisal of the existing research, helping to identify and develop other studies. Country-of-origin maintains his interest regarding the effects and their impact in term...

The authors of the following article apply to the problem of ecotourism development in Western Siberia. Public attention often focuses on the problems of steady development, the preservation of biological diversity, and the implementation of ecotourism activities. Western Siberia is a prospective region for the development of Ecotourism in Russia. This is caused by the high natural potential, originality and aesthetic value of its landscapes, as well as its diverse flora and fauna. In spite of such plant diversity...

There is a strong connection between the overall development of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial culture of the country in which entrepreneurship develops. Transition countries started to develop entrepreneurial culture quite late, thus facing a series of barriers to a full implementation of entrepreneurial values in their respective areas. Changing the concept of approach to entrepreneurship at the same time includes overall changes in socio-economic environment. Researches have shown that development of entr...

The World Bank is the largest global source of financial resources for different kinds of investments, with special attention devoted to developing countries and all other countries which request assistance. It annually grants over USD 20 billion of different kinds of loans and credits to the EU Member States. Among other investments, it also significantly participates in tourism development of less developed countries at the global level. As a result of globalisation changes in the world, the World Bank has becom...

Hand in hand with Chinese economic transformation came an opening of China to the world. New opportunities enhanced an integration of the People's Republic of China into the global economy. China's outstanding performance in the goodsВґ export influenced lots of small open economies. In the same time the overall world trade has increased significantly making many researchers ask what is behind this trade growth. Is the trade volume growing on intensive or extensive margin? In this paper we will analyze trade relat...

The article discusses modern tendencies and problems of tax revenues formation of the regional budgets. Instruments of tax regulation and a mechanism of their effect on eco-nomic processes are considered. Tax benefits are tax regulation tools for certain catego-ries of taxpayers to solve a number of social and economic problems.

The article investigates main organizational and economic trends improving the enterprise readiness to implement changes such as the elements of change management concept, the elements of changes in organization structure, the instruments of overcoming changes resistance. The object of the research is organizational and economic relationship appearing during change management process. The goal of the article is to elaborate the main items of change management concept regulations. The methods for the research are s...

The growth of the markets and the dynamics of economic and geopolitical turmoil have caused increasing pressures for companies seeking to understand how to suggest the decision to purchase goods. The markets are very competitive and, in times of crisis, the price seems to be a variable that has gained ground. The aim of this study is to analyze the attitudes of Portuguese citizens towards Portuguese products – products of the brand Portugal – in times of crisis. The sample is composed by 590 Portuguese citizen...

The public sector approaches tourism with special interest due to its positive impact on the economy. However, in order to realize the benefits of the effects of tourism, the public sector must achieve certain prerequisites for the development of tourism. The public sector by its intervening in tourism development seeks to achieve its long-term sustainable development, i.e. the maximization of benefits from tourism activities while preserving the attractiveness of tourist destinations. After an overview of issues ...

The article analyzes the main directions of integration of Russian universities in the international educational space. The statistics characterizing the export of educational services of the Russian system of higher education, reflecting the priorities of the government target of increasing the country's share in the global market for educational services. Systematized competitive advantages and disadvantages of Russian system of education in the implementation of educational services in foreign markets. Demonstr...

Desires, aspirations and preferences are subjective elements of demand and they express attitudes or positions that occur at individual level. Though the needs are few, a human's desires are very different and they occur on a permanent basis modelled by social forces and institutions. Though each individual has his/her own features, research shows that the need for food consumption varies depending on several individual (genetic heritage, age, sex, body size, physiological states) and environmental (physical, biol...

This study aims to explore the profile of female entrepreneurs and to examine their entrepreneurial behaviour. A sample of 40 female entrepreneurs from the North-East Region of Romania was surveyed in order to identify their socio-demographic characteristics, main features of their businesses, as well as their ways of approaching business. The outcomes of the study found that female entrepreneurs in the North-East Region of Romania show many similarities with their counterparts in other countries in terms of marit...

This article describes the results of a sociological survey aimed to analyze the youth' moral qualities as important driving force of Russian economy. This study suggested a necessity of national youth policy adjustment.

In this paper we have examined the evolution of bilateral trade flows of agricultural and food products among the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) countries in the last decade. The analysis covered the main food products classified according to the international UN Comtrade classification (2-digit products classification). Developments of agri-food trade among the BSEC countries was analyzed using the methodological approach of the Network Analysis and Revealed Comparative Advantage through the Balassa Index....

One of the factors of the economic and financial prosperity of the country is the age structure of the population. The bases for the age population structure calculation are the statistical tables. The indicator specific mortality rate is usually calculated on the base of the known data concerning the death people and living people. The Makeham - Gompertz function is one of the commonly used models for the mortality modelling of the population. Parameters of this function are mostly estimated for example by the me...

The growth rate of gross domestic product is one of the basic indicators in assessing the performance of the economy. The global economic crisis has resulted in a decrease of economic performance in all Member States of the European Union. The main aim of this paper is to focus on analysis of economic performance of the V4 countries compared to EU28. In the analysis, we follow the evolution of gross domestic product and its components in the last 10 years. Through the analysis of the development rate of unemployme...

The intangible assets as an output of creative and cultural industries represent an important part of the wealth of the society. The development of the territory established on the intangibles produced by the creative and culture industries are a factor which can support to build and exploit the local or regional competitive advantage and uniqueness of the place, especially in the field of tourism. The paper deals with the role of intangibles as an output of cultural industries that can be a source of potential co...

Generally defined as the method to transfer the ownership and control of an entity from the public sector to the private sector, privatization causes a strong impact in important areas such as social, economic, environmental. The study aims to describe, the benefits but also the effects achieved by governments and companies that have chosen and understood the importance of a transparent and competitive privatization. The data collected to be presented shows clearly that governments manage to implement policies but...

After the global crisis, the attention paid to resource utilization and cost efficiency have been an issue in a massive body of research. On the macroeconomic level, one could be interested in efficiency of the transformation of standard inputs capital and labour into an output, usually GDP. Non-parametrical way of productivity analysis helps to avoid assumption as to specific type of production function building deterministic production frontier. In the paper, data envelopment analysis approach is employed to det...

This article describes an estimation procedure for social and economic municipal district asymmetry. In order to identify social and economic asymmetry, regional parameters have been selected, analyzed and used to district quantitative rating and grouping based on developmental level. Parameter selection procedure has been covered by the regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation. Data for Kursk region' municipal districts have been used for calculations.

The research purpose was to explore the webpages of museums in the Baltic Sea region and to evaluate the level of its usage as a financial instrument. In the following article there are the different options to use the museums websites as instruments of a financial endowment, fundraising, public relations and direct sales. The group of cultural studies scholars, researchers of usability and Web-developers has investigated 20 webpages of different museums in Russia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In the framework o...

The purpose of this research is to analyze the state of economy development results and factors and to compare them in the Baltic States: Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in the context of the European Union countries (EU-27) in the period of 2005-2012. In order to examine the changes of economic development, the index of economic development as part of sustainable development in conditions of globalization in these countries, was used and calculated, year 2005 was chosen as base. For the determination the index of e...

Tourism is an extremely active agent producing significant spatial modifications and changes in the territorial development. Therefore, it becomes necessary, for different research domains, to try estimating the socio-economic, ecological, geographical and territorial impact of tourism through the analysis of its main actor, the tourist. The main objective of this study was to anticipate the intentions of travelling and of the preferred Moldavian tourist destinations. Based on these findings, a second purpose was ...

This study is dedicated to features of risk management implementation for Russian companies preparing to become public. Methodology approach is based upon the idea that the levels of company governance may create a strong value oriented risk management system, while the standards provide the matching of stock exchange requirements. We made the assumption that not all Russian companies are equally exposed to the risks, the level of exposure estimates by measurement of differences between the actual value-basic indi...

Foreign direct investments play a significant role in the overall development of the regions. Direction of investments to less developed regions brings synergies for the whole economy. Foreign investors are usually the biggest employers in the regions and through their co-operation with small and medium-sized enterprises; they provide secondary employment and growth of small and medium-sized enterprises in the respective regions. These secondary effects play are important in the development of the economy and henc...

The study of consumer behavior has become a constant concern for marketing specialists who thus can find out how consumers choose the goods and services they need to meet their multiple needs and what the stimuli and factors are that influence their choice. With the considerable diversification of the offer, consumers have a wide range of choices. On the other hand, the increase of the purchase power, together with the increase of the education and cultural level, allow consumers to meet more and more of his/her n...