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Religiously the Tunguses (Evens and Evenks of Yakutia) were the pagans and the shamanism believers. Among them the cult of hunting magic, also of a reindeer and of the Sun was strongly developed. Before the Soviet power among the Evens and the Evenks shamanism was as a national religion. According to the traditional Tungus view, the world was divided into three mental spheres: the upper World, the Middle World and the Lower World. Shamans were the mediators acting between those three worlds, Gods, spirits and men....

The aim of the given investigation is to find out various definitions and comparing characteristics of antonyms on the basis of synchronous analyses. The article is dedicated to research of antonyms in different structural languages. In order to reveal the nature of antonyms it is necessary to investigate their essence but concerning this question there is no settled opinion. The review of existed approaches to antonyms in linguistics opens the lack of united view on this problem. There is no satisfactory solution...

"What does it matter who is speaking?" asks Foucault in What is an author?. In that text Foucault proclaims the death of the author, as well as only a few years before he had shown another death, that of the subject. In both cases, it is properly a matter of disappearance: the subject and the author establish the representation, but they disappear from the scene, because they are no more represented, as it happens to Philip IV in Velazquez's picture Las Meninas, to which Foucault devotes the first chapter of The O...

Currently folklore genres are actively researched. Their study exposed the various aspects of folklore . There are lexical, syntactic aspects of genres of folk arts analysis. Also cultural component is studied. Cultural aspect is believed to be of great importance, as it reflects the way people used to perceive surrounding reality hundreds of thousands of years ago. This article analyzes riddles in English and Russian . Comparative study is believed to reveal similar and distinctive qualities both in terms of buil...

The place-names being a linguistic phenomenon reflect different facts and trends related to the development of society. Here are some of them among the regional settlement names: 1) The peculiarities of Perm Krai occupancy reflect in the toponymic productive stems; 2) Toponymy reflects the changes in the system of the types (in a classification) of the geographical objects; 3) Toponymy reflects the changes in social population stratification; 4) Toponymy reflects the standardization trend in the Soviet society; 5)...

During the last decades, the family has undergone some profound mutations in its structure and functions: it has become increasingly sensitive to all changes occurring in society. Consequently, the term family has become more ambiguous and it tends to cover today some different realities than those characteristic to the previous generation. The structure and functionality of the family has a psychosocial character. Doesn't matters the personalities taken in themselves, but their relationship, the interaction betwe...

The article deals with the derivation view of metaphor. The main aim is to present the results of metaphor research connected with our interest in metaphor as a vehicle for cognition and communication. We try to show the view of metaphor, based on the assumption that it is analogous to communicative syntax. The process of metaphorisation is described in terms of mechanisms of text formation reflecting the results of cognition. Such view would differ from traditional ones by being dynamic, cognitive and anthropocen...

A detailed account in the article is given to the empirical findings concerning such insufficiently studied constitutional characteristics of a man as juvenility and gracility. Students sample heterogeneity on these constitutional characteristics is proved. The obtained results reflect differential sex-specific evolutionary development of a modern man, complex nonlinear interaction of juvenility and gracility as a somatotype manifestation.

This paper concentrates upon Roma ways of dealing with illness from the perspective of social anthropology. Social science defines illness primarily as an opposite to the state of health. As such, it is to great extend a subjective and relative phenomenon, determined most of all by the native culture. Ethno medicine, a sub-field of social anthropology, offers for these purposes so called Explanatory model of Arthur Kleinman [9]. The author does not offer practical solutions in her paper. Rather, she points to diff...

Ritual is a form of symbolic action, expressing the connection of a subject with a system of social relations and values. The main theme of any ritual was theme of creation of the world, which resulted in the establishment of people relations system. Ritual performs several vital functions, which are primarily a function of individual socialization, as well as integrating and reproducing function. The function of individual socialization is that the ritual prepares the individual to the social life, nurturing it n...

The given interdisciplinary research regards on the basis of the analysis of literary texts the specificity of the perception of the Holocaust in Latvia that demonstrates transformation of anthropological categories related to the perception of the alien, life, death, responsibility, sinfulness. In the contemporary Latvian cultural space the theme of the Holocaust is given a special place. It is one of the aspects of the interpretation of the events of World War II and the human factor in the context of the war. (...

The Christian family, aware of its role as a fundamental cell which is capable of draining the human race, is called to actively engage in the promotion and the defence of human and Christian values. The quasi-generalized crisis of moral, religious, social and material values has its origin mainly in the family crisis. The Christian family must rediscover its own intrinsic value to persistently promote ignored or lost values of our current society. The values constantly rediscovered and promoted by the Christian f...

Paper introduces, upon the context of gender-role divisions, current parental ethnotheories applied to childhood learning in the Czech Republic. It illuminates work-or-care dilemma women are still facing and pinpoints different life strategies that Czech families conclude from it. It introduces a new term – cosmology of education, and relates to it theories of institution-centred learning and unschooling. Data used to support the theory come from longitudinal research on schooling in the Czech society, especiall...

The social representation of work has been shaped by several factors along the history, each having its importance in relation with the cultural context of each era. In the modern secular society, the justification of work has lost its ethical-religious side to a large extent, but, despite its primarily economic determination, one cannot ignore the psychological aspects. By offering to God his work, the person is associated to the redemptive work of the Christ (by considering the work as dignified by the Christ Hi...

Origin of ancient Turkic tribes remains an important issue. As the ancient used to say, "In one thing there is what we know and what we do not know." Therefore, the proposed article focuses on "what we do not know" or rather "do not know much." On the other hand, we know that ethnogenesis of any ethnos (in this case ancient Turkic tribes) proceeds in a long time in the interaction of diverse processes. On that basis the formation process of the ancient Turkic culture should be divided into two conditional stages -...

The report topic submitted for the conference is connected with the study of the phenomenon of persistence of ethnic identity, language and culture in the Essey Yakuts historically formed under special life conditions. The main objectives of the work are to analyze and identify the features of the current state of economic activity and make analysis of the current state of culture of the Essey Yakuts. The article content is partially based on the field-work material collected by university research expedition to t...

Throughout the history of the development of different societies, political systems and phenomena dealing directly with states and societies, an important role in building their media was played. Media have an important impact on development of social processes and civic education. In democratic societies, media is the greatest state's corrector. Having always been a natural rivalry with the local media, they both have played an important role in identifying and combating negative phenomena, as well as the develop...

Our research aims at the ways of knowledge transfer in professional interlanguage communication. The analyzed data is formed by means of a comparative analysis of the ST and TT in the English and the Russian languages. The field of our research includes mental activities of the translator. It focuses particularly on the exploration of cognitive systems and structures of knowledge representation. The advantages of this point of view over formalistic equivalence theory lie in the recognition of textual and cognitive...

The contribution deals with the qualitative analysis of the mystical and transpersonal communication and phenomena. We have used research methods hermeneutics, phenomenology, interviews, participant observation and ethnography. Transpersonal phenomena occur from the beginning of the development of mankind and in every culture. We have found that they are bound by the modified, so called. a spiritual "We" states of consciousness, which corresponds to the activation of specific brain centers. For humans are natural,...

The charity is a genuine expression of humanity and a fundamental element in the achievement of authentic human relationships. The people, the beneficiaries of the divine love and subjects of charity, they are called to make themselves instruments of efficient spreading of God's love. According to the teaching of Jesus, love is the synthesis of the entire Law, the real substance of the personal relationship with God and with the neighbour, it is the principle of human micro-relationships (with friends, family and ...

The article is devoted to the analysis of paroemies from the point of view of ethno-hermeneutics and ethno-psycholinguistics. Main attention is drawn to the precedence as the most important characteristic of the paroemiological discourse. The authors analyse precedent phenomena, view precedent situations in paroemiological units. Precedence as an essential feature of the paroemiological discourse plays an important role in accumulation and retranslation of ethno-cultural information, serving as a certain indicator...

Current linguistics investigates the way human knowledge is reflected in the language. Owing to this fact it has become very acute to explore folklore as a mean of reflecting human knowledge. We concentrate our attention on folk omens, because we take it for a special and very unique genre of folklore. Folk omens represent human observation of nature, the relationship of some natural phenomena. In this article the authors compare the peculiarities of a lexical items rain and snow in Russian and Chinese omens. We t...

This paper will draw upon an anthropological field study exploring new religious movements – in particular neo-shamanism – which I am currently undertaking. The research employs the participant observation method and deals with a typical feature of many of these movements: the intentional bringing about of altered states of consciousness and subsequent unusual experiences (visions) to use as part of spiritual practice. According to neo-shamans, their spiritual journeys take place in a trance. However, as I dis...

Global changes taking place in modern society affected all spheres of political, social, economic and cultural life. There is a growing increase in the role of the ethnic factor in the global cultural and historical process, which is reflected in the increased interest in their cultural identity, territorial and cultural integrity. Occurred disconnection of time and generations, loss of spiritual guidance in society forced to seek a way out of the crisis and the renewed interest in ethnic culture, national traditi...

Cemetery culture is a phenomenon of everyday life culture that represents many anthropological concepts: memory, life, living, death, human body, soul, etc. Each culture develops its own model of the space of cemetery with the principles of designing the cemetery space, tombstone culture, burial, cemetery territory and its maintenance as well as commemoration traditions as its components. Investigation of cemeteries in the border area is a significant segment of studying the aspects of present and past, individual...

The author's understanding of mechanisms of cultural interaction of the peoples living on the Volga is given. Processes of formation and development of traditional national costumes are interpreted in a new light, on the basis of postnonclassical methods. The essence of genesis of a traditional costume, mechanisms of distribution of its most successful cultural forms, the factors influencing on image and clothes of people are revealed. Connection of a traditional costume as an integral figurative and artistic syst...

Man is body and soul, and suffering can be lived as pain of the body or pain of the soul, related to a psychological or a spiritual state. God does not want man's suffering, yet it penetrated in man's life as a consequence of the ancestral sin and of the wrong use of freedom by our ancestors Adam and Eve. The Holy Fathers of the Church, having gone through suffering, teach that man should not be concerned mainly by the natural causes of suffering or the means to heal a disease, but should first of all try to analy...

The results of the extensional research of the initial stages of Tatar literary language establishing are introduced in this work. Studying the establishment of Tatar literary language, which is considered to be the recension of the Volga region Turkic literary language, conducted by the author, includes a wide range of the literary monuments. The detailed examination shows that the Golden Horde literary language was formed basing on the Kirchak Koine. The Kipchak Koine was used by writers and poets, who relied on...

From a social viewpoint, justice is the principle which most people of all classes refer to nowadays. As it must be the basis of building a strong and sustainable society, this principle is studied and researched by individuals and private institutions, as well as civil and international religious institutions. The term of justice, at an empirical glance, seems to express a simple idea, accessible to most people's knowledge ability. However, analyzed in depth, from several perspectives, it proves to intrinsically ...

The Tatar's conception of the world is connected with influence of pagan faith and millennial Islam traditions and its value system. Islam got into everyday life of an individual and had an effect on their lifestyle and household activities. People changed the world not only in the material plan, but also in the mental way. We can get information about how the society lived and what the time was like through studying the things people created. To define the inner mental world of a person a specific lexical item ku...

Agricultural and Weather-lore is a unique monument of folklore. It accumulates practical wisdom of people, experience gathered during the centuries and carefully passed on from generation to generation. It has been proved that agricultural and weather-lore is closely linked with customs, amulets and talismans. The aim of this article is to reveal whether we can take agricultural and weather-lores for linguistic units. This question has appeared because many scientific investigations have been made devoted to vario...

Contrastive-comparative studying of languages and literatures serves the spirit of modern integration processes in the world, especially in the sphere of science and culture. At the present stage, marked by multilingualism, and intensity of cross-cultural and cross-ethnic contacts, it is necessary to develop a number of key questions of cross-cultural communication. The study of its various sides is important for formation of the tolerant language personality knowing several languages and living in different cultu...

This article focuses on the reverse side of the anthropological fieldwork on a case of explorer's identity. This case uncovers the process of research work inside the island community of Solovetsky archipelago. The main aspect of this paper is autoreflexion of a scientist. First of all he has the status of a spectator. On the next stage we find him as a participant involved, to a greater or lesser extent, in social action, production processes inside the community. But even being simply a spectator of random scene...

A group of researchers from the Department of Mathematical Linguistics of St.Petersburg State Universityhas been developing scientific and educational web resource dedicated toplace names of Ingermanlandfor several decades.This project began in early 2000s, when database on place names of Ingermanland was created. This database was developedon the base of place names register, collected in the course of a number oftoponymic expeditions in St. Petersburg Government and Kareliafrom1970s until the present day. In thi...

The paper is devoted to the analysis of sacrifices of the peoples of the Volga region. These sacrifices symbolize the “initiation” of the select few (priests and benefactors) into an otherworldly sphere that it is possible to compare with absolution from sins. According to the theory of the French scientist Marcel Mauss the sacrifice falls into a category of “the sacred” along with magic and prayer, has the scheme, general and special functions. It is supposed on the ground of the existentialistic approach...

The development of the travelogue genre in a national literature is closely related to the geographical and mental cartography that characterizes the respective territory. Moreover, the strategies for perceiving, mapping and describing the lands, countries and regions which the writer has become familiar with while traveling are usually informed by the historical tradition and the ideological context of one's epoch. The travelogue genre in any national literature is one of those literary genres that essentially de...

The article is devoted to the university teaching community of Russia at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries as a particular social category of Russian society. Despite being a relatively sparse group, even from the XIX century, it played a significant part in the life of the country and often was a marker of the social and political processes occurring in Russia. Appeal to the specified object allows us to fill one of the gaps in the comprehensive analysis of the social history of Russia in the late XIX – early ...

The problems of transformation of complex sources in the Russian regional ethnography are discussed in article. The reasons for the change and the expansion of ethnocultural information corpus in XX-XXI centuries on the example of the Vyatka province / Kirov region are showed. This corpus expanded by ethnography of city, micro-history, mentality studying, ethnoecology, ethnovaleology, application of nanotechnology and aerobiology.

Ethnographic and other historical sources help to reconstruct gender portraits of peasants in Russian province, for example – in Vyatka Region. These portraits are comprised from visual characteristics, costume complexes, living standards, statuses in village association. The question about personal freedom was answered specifically. The models of woman and man communications were important parts in ethnic culture.