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This study investigates the metaphor of the wall in the Hebrew Bible as a complex theological and anthropological symbol, deeply rooted in the cultural framework of the ancient Near East. Walls are not merely defensive structures, but markers of sacred space, social identity, moral boundaries, and divine presence. Drawing on key biblical texts such as Joshua 6, Nehemiah 2-6, Isaiah 26, Ezekiel 13, and Zechariah 2, the paper explores how walls function both as instruments of divine protection and as expressions of ...

The study analyses the role of the Orthodox Church in raising public awareness and promoting community involvement in environmental issues in a global context marked by the ecological crisis. Methodology includes analyses of official Orthodox Church documents, interviews with religious leaders and case studies of local environmental projects. It examines the theological foundations of creation care and how these are concretised in educational, liturgical and social action. Initiatives such as reforestation, recycl...

This article reconstructs the concept of rationality within the context of postwar experience, where the subject faces epistemic injustice, moral instability, and hermeneutic exclusion. It critically examines the limitations of instrumental and procedural models of rationality under conditions of disrupted norms and fragmented meaning, and proposes an alternative framework — axiological rationality — grounded in the subject’s internal moral discernment rather than external normative systems. The study draws ...

This study examines the theme of silence in the Hebrew canonical texts, understood as a rupture in communication between God and humanity, manifested both as divine silence and human inability to hear. Beginning with the Genesis narrative, the acquisition of the “knowledge of good and evil” triggers shame, fear, and exile from Paradise, marking the onset of God’s silence. The research critically analyzes key biblical passages highlighting this dialectic of unheard voices: the silent God and the suffering, un...

The study is a Christian theological analysis of environmental protection issues, emphasising the notion of the spirit of communion (???????a) and man's responsibility towards nature. Orthodox tradition has the capacity to propose its own approach to the relationship between man and the environment. Orthodox theology can contribute to the contemporary dialogue on sustainability and environmental protection by proposing an understanding of man's spiritual responsibility towards nature – God's gift – and how thi...

This paper examines the limitations of traditional historiography and proposes a novel approach incorporating the existential concept of responsibility into historical understanding and writing. It argues that conventional historicization methods are inadequate, especially when addressing catastrophic events like genocide that transcend mere factuality. These events challenge historians to move beyond passive documentation and engage in responsible historicization. The proposed approach emphasizes the historian's ...

At the beginning of the 1990s, Ralf Dahrendorf outlined that political or constitutional changes can be made in 6 months, economic reforms over 6 years, and solid democratic foundations, in the form of an active civil society in 60 years. The political culture of consensus or its absence critically influence the way that transformations are made, the formation of political structures. Why did illiberal political systems emerge in Central Europe, especially in Hungary? The paper will mainly try to analyse the socia...

Faith in God also enables individuals to make sense of their lives in the midst of chaos and to find meaning and purpose in life’s challenges, a sense of peace and security, especially during difficult times, It can provide hope for a brighter future and a sense of assurance that no matter what life throws our way, God is always with us, knowing that God will never leave them and that He has a plan for their lives. The debate on creation versus evolution is an ongoing, heated debate that has been going on for ma...

Color has always been an important component of a person's perception of the overall picture – this applies to art, religion, and individual worldviews. In different epochs and cultures, different, but always important meanings were conveyed with color, certain colors were associated with what was most significant and valuable for a people or a representative of a religious tradition. The blue color is exceptional in this sense – for a long time it was not paid attention at all, but once appearing on the canva...

The question of whether we can know that God exists simply by thinking about it has been explored by various philosophers throughout history. Let’s examine the ideas of Plato, Saint Augustine of Hippo, Saint Anselm, Thomas Aquinas, Rene Descartes, and Lucian Blaga on this topic. Plato’s philosophy centered around the idea of forms or ideal concepts. While he did not explicitly argue for the existence of a monotheistic God, he believed in a transcendent realm of perfect forms that served as the ultimate source ...

What kind of educational significance does the appreciation of paintings have? In order to answer this question, it is important to answer what and how visitors are learning in the painting appreciation. Neuroscientific research is important. However, while brain function mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows us to understand which part of the brain processes the specific stimulus of viewing a painting, what kind of stimulus is transformed to what kind of recognition cannot be answered....

The article describes a qualitative inquiry in the form of a case-study based within a performance as research paradigm. The study entailed the implementation of a performance art piece by the author in which migration was viewed as a phenomenon rooted in the personal experience of space and time. It also exploited tropes central to the author’s previous performances: walking and the use of “poor” objects. For the performance, the author walked a total of 42 kilometres over two nights, cut up sections of wir...

This paper analyses Brentano’s aesthetical classification of arts from a psychological standpoint. Two questions are raised. First, if the established number of arts, which is five, is transparent and if one type of art does not only deflect the attention of others. That means if we have five completely different arts or maybe some of them fall in the same class altogether. The used method is an inquiry into how the arts that we percept through sight and hearing influence our psychological processes such as imag...

This paper contrasts Monarchia by Dante Alighieri with Il Principe by Niccolo Machiavelli. It is argued that the Principe not only incorporates the realities of politics but is also superior to the Monarchia as a scientific work because it avoids the latter’s commitment to scholastic philosophy and has greater empirical relevance and logical consistency. Moreover, it can serve to some extent as a role model for an approach to a positive analysis of politics even today.

The present study examines the contemporary rewriting in the French language of Euripides' play The Trojan Women by Jean Paul Sartre. The French philosopher having the intention once more to deal with humanity’s big problems, he intensifies Euripides’ text with elements drawn from modern society and era. The theme dealt with is war and suppression, along with their conviction, a pattern especially popular with the creator since it is the one he deals with in his debut drama Bariona ou le fils de tonnerre (1940...

This paper analyses Brentano’s aesthetical approach to two questions concerning value. The first, whether all presentations essentially have a positive intrinsic value. Thesecond, if there is a kind of relation between two presentations that assigns higher value to one of them. The results Brentano came to are that, first, there are certain conditions inquality judgement of presentations for them to have intrinsic value. Second, Brentano introduces six main types of relations, explaining why he attributes higher...

Any period of a developed society, of comfort, multiplication and lack of worries prefaces a moral decay and the extinction of the species. This is one of the conclusions of the Calhoun experiment or Universe 25. The experiment carried out between 1950 and 1970 is an extraordinary discovery on which, many scenarios having as subject the emergence and disappearance of civilizations over the years can be built, but before it is a scientific discovery, it remains, above all, a gloomy prediction about to become realit...

In recent philosophical research in Ethics and Moral Philosophy, scholars pay a significant amount of attention to the concept of ethical labeling products, especially to the problem of what kind of goods should be mandatory labeled. In their search for a possible criterion for mandatory ethically labeling goods, they mainly have focused on the moral issue of the consumption of products, ethical status of whose is not established in society. In this connection researches neglect the perspective where there is such...

Solution focused approach to problem-solving means creating a solution instead of solving the problem. What is the difference? It logically separates the solution from the problem. It is deeply counterintuitive because in our culture problem seems to be closely related to the solution. This is why we analyze the problem thoroughly in order to find an optimal solution: we scrutinize the situation, create a plan, look for resources, carry out the plan (create the solution), and then monitor the result. It is a very ...

This paper compares three similar yet distinct philosophical interpretations of the mythological motif of Narcissus admiring his reflection in water. Since these interpretations span a period of fifteen centuries, they are bound to appear in different types of philosophical discourse: In PlotinusВ’ Enneads, where the motif of a beautiful image in the water appears without NarcissusВ’ being actually named, the myth is used as metaphor of the soul seduced by sensible beauty; in FicinoВ’s commentary to PlatoВ’s Sympo...

The article aims to analyze the anthropological content of metaphysical concepts of Sankhya and to answer the question what determines it. The analysis of the metaphysical Sankhya concept showed that when characterizing Purusa and Prakriti as the principle of subjective and objective reality the representatives of this philosophical school use the terms that alongside ontological meaning have also anthropological one. This specificity is manifested in the description of Prakriti evolution process since every stage...

This paper points out at the ability of music to capture and make sense of the existence of human, since music is, in its essence, the element of it. The artistic work of Roman Berger is an urgent message, the defence of values, and, the anxiety and concern for both the Truth and the state of the contemporary world. Personal experience, encounter with suffering and pain, and, attitude to eternity have all become a ubiquitous source for the feeling of life and the artistic inspiration for Roman Berger, an exception...

When a person meets another one, sometimes has the strange feeling of “deja vu”, thinking “I met this person before”. Psychology explains it as a path which is crossed between people. The same happens when people tries to predict the next friend they will meet. Which facts are most likely to lead to the connection? In the world of social networks, these are called nods. Each link shared among people is a line connecting them. In the computer world these graphs exist in an unlimited dimension, and artificia...

This paper examines such modern philosophical movements as transhumanism and posthumanism. The central issue of these concepts is “What is Posthuman?”. The twentieth century is marked by a contradictory understanding of the role and status of human. On the one hand, following the understanding of the onset of the new geological epoch of the Anthropocene, some rejection of the Anthropos figure comes. Such categories of agency as historicity, sociality, subjectivity are no longer so anthropocentric On the other ...

Modern theories of elites not always adequate and timely cover the diversity of elite groups practices with their scientific analysis, especially those who belong to the number of non-political elites – the elites of science, culture and religious societies. Each elite professional community needs its own separate set of criteria of elitism, reflecting the specificity of their occupation. The political elites cease to be the fashion to the elite breeders. Increasingly they are beginning to adopt the criteria of ...

Both novels are controversial and difficult to interpret due to their critique of the cultural, philosophical, and religious dimensions of the aestheticization of sexuality and gender from the perspective of human freedom and individuality. Our goal is to discover how both writers address this problem indirectly but openly, using irony, to show the insufficiency of the traditional, aesthetic fulfillment of the human being that we see, for example, in Don Juan. Moreover, it shows something that seems natural as som...

Ethics is an important ability in any profession but, considering the spectrum of responsibilities of the certified accountants, ethics should be even more important. The research concerning ethical issues related to accountantsВ’ profession has increased in the last years. Those studies highlight mostly the nature and extent of ethical problems. This study aims to validate the different importance given to ethical behavior in accountantsВ’ profession in Portugal, for men and women, and to understand how they also...

The development of modern society at the level of post-industrial relations requires not only the creation of the foundations of the digital economy and the introduction of advanced scientific achievements (hi-tech), but also a qualitative change in the system of training professional personnel. In this regard, the role of universities and, in particular, of faculty members, which are facing new challenges, is growing. It is not so much about changing educational programs, but about changing the very principles of...

The history of the last four centuries convincingly testifies to the increased role of the scientific elite in solving fundamental problems and in determining the development strategy of all mankind. It is already impossible for us to imagine the modern world without the achievements of science, with which all spheres of our public and private being are saturated. As a result, the role of the scientific elite, which is an advanced class of the elite professional community, increases, and the fate of the developmen...

The article substantiates the thesis about the central role of the phenomenon of ethical in the Kantian and Freudian reconstructions of the culture genesis. Comparative and hermeneutic methods of research are used. With necessity ethical conception of psychoanalysis founder presupposes a reference to Kant, but it contains a clear and hidden polemic with his ethical apriorism. In this connection, a comparative analysis of the two versions of the culture genesis is carried out, and similarity and difference of these...

Our study aim to identify the main sources of individualism, in Renaissance. We have established the conceptual relationships between greek Christian terms hypostas-enhypostas-parahypostas-polyhypostas and their metamorphosis under the influence of iudaic and gnostic philosophy. We are sketching the typology of the individual, reflected in symbolic portraiture of Adam. The individualism excludes any form of constraint and impose with necessity the idea of authenticity. We can observe the deconstruction of the esse...

Rudolf Carnap, one of the most accomplished representatives of logical empiricism, finds himself in discussion with Heidegger in the most radical phase of his work. His radical, critical approach is significant for the syntactic period of Carnap's thought development. Heidegger is, according to Carnap, a philosopher who speaks out against the rules of grammatical rules. Heidegger does not perceive Carnap as a philosopher worthy of a long answer. There are only two Heidegger's responses to Carnap. In his intellectu...

The research aim is to define and substantiate the methodological guidelines for the historical reconstruction of Ukrainian philosophical tradition of axiology of the nature. First of all, the research methodology as a synthesized self-reflection of historical humanities, in the search for new knowledge, should be based on human-centered approaches, principles and methods and it has to take into account evolutionary changes in the world society, the conceptual and historical-contextual influence on human conscious...

The aim of this paper is to analyze the life and work of Czech protestant theologian Jan Milic Lochman (1922-2004) and the influence of Tomas Garrique Masaryk on Loch-man’s concept of thinking. The author of this paper describes Lochman's works, espe-cially the Decalogue and the Credo, and emphasizes the truth and the struggle for truth. It also highlights the difficult situation between the World Wars in Europe, where ideo-logical struggle was present and the rise of Nazi Germany occured. Lochman and Masa-ryk a...

This article looks at connections and parallels between MachiavelliВ’s depiction of a state leader in his work The Prince and PratchettВ’s portrayal of a character ruling a city state in his fantasy novels. To accomplish this, we analyzed the character of Machiavelli and PratchettВ’s leaders and looked for similarities and differences in their statecraft. This paper will also look for intertextual connections as well as other Renaissance influence that can be traced in the British fantasy. One of Terry PratchettВ’...

Applied ethical frameworks in the field of social theory and practice face the limits of moral philosophy, which are given by the absence of a fundamental philosophical reflec-tion of new emerging phenomena in changing current society. It is evident, that the highly organized society suffers from fragmentation and loss of coherence of various ethical theories lacking their deeper metaethic justification. The authors of the article point to a Judeo-Christian narration in which they see important metaethic bases for...

The current study is focused on the influence of Nikolai Yakovlevich Grot (1852-1899) on the formation and institutionalization processes in Russian philosophy in the late 1880s. As the editor of the journal “Questions of Philosophy and Psychology” (Voprosi filosofii I psikhologii), Grot transforms this edition into the first press organ which accepts all the philosophical trends. This article aimed at examinating how Grot perceives positivistic, materialistic, scientific and metaphysical concepts, including t...

The term “syncretism” has a complicated history in religious studies, especially it concerns European scientific environment. In Russian science it has appeared with more or less determined meaning. Comparative analysis helped us to reveal the main array of issues that concerns the meaning of the term “syncretism”. In the 70s European academics decided to revive this notion, but since it was ignored it has acquired different synonyms. So academics in the most recent papers debate if the revival of the term...

The aim is to show the disintegration of a personality by analyzing the fragment of “Confession” by St Augustine. It allows us to come from the phenomenological description of personality transformation process to means of psychological defense. By solving the questions of love St Augustine uses hidden rhetorical constructions, which reflect his emotional processes in the most adequate way. They should be analyzed and clarified. The rhetorical aspect of this transformation can be reconstructed from that part o...

The purpose of this work is to show the influence of socio-psychological factors on the irrational behavior of labor agents. A systematic view of labor relations and of the role of socio-psychological factors can only be given by Philosophy, which allows to consider labor relations in an interdisciplinary context. When developing measures to improve socio-economic policy in the field of labor, it is necessary to take into account the incentives that affect the ratio of rational and irrational in the behavior of in...

The article shows the origins of coaching (one of the most effective ways of leadership development) in the Socratic dialogue as it appears in Plato's works. This origin appears in the most advanced way in cognitive coaching based on cognitive therapy. However, it is not only the roots of a young practical science that goes so far into antique philosophy. If we look at the elements of the Socratic method, it turns out that coaching belongs to it not only in the form but - or perhaps more - in its purpose. Formally...

Despite the fraught relationship between abyssal psychology and cultural anthropology, both are applicable to human behavior. Anthropological analysis is directed from the exterior to the interior (i.e., the historical and cultural framework of the Renaissance), in contrast to the psychoanalytical perspective, which follows from the inside out the internal complexity of the human mind and its contribution to the cultural act. Anthropologically, the structural model of the psyche contains both the Freudian personal...

Recent Orthodox Tradition is the perpetuity of Christ’s divine-human life in the Christians from our times understood as part of the Church or of the mystical body of the Resurrected Jesus Christ, the Lord, in Saint Apostle Paul’s own words (1 Cor. 1: 27; Eph. 4: 12). Contemporary theological writings, in their authentic state – as written testimonies of this real experience – are, in their turn, part of this continuous Tradition. They constitute scientific “recordings” of God’s indescribable uncreated ...

The article reflects not just a personal concern of the author of the fate of social and philosophical thought in the era of the tectonic social shifts. This article discusses the problems of modern social and philosophical knowledge, as an appeal to the ontological foundations of sociology and the need for a new perspective on the social phenomena underlying the sociological theories (personality, society, social structure, etc.) taking in account intense social changes in the society of the XXI century. Sociolog...

The process of comprehending the world is given by Wittgenstein in his “Logical Philosophical Treatise” (1920) as a visual image of a ladder. The world of science developed in the Treatise is a world of logic and mathematics, while the worlds given through language games are presented in later works. The former is based on the concept of complex, while the latter – on the concept of paradigm or a local sample which stipulates the rules of the game. The paradigm is formed historically, while the complex is fo...

Topicality. The question of self-identification of contemporary national philosophy remains insufficiently studied. This paper specifies the tradition of philosophizing in France – the most influenceable national philosophy in Europe. In the year of 50th anniversary of May-1968 the report attempts to apply the historical reconstruction to the analysis of main ideas of the so-called “French theory”. The aim is to propose an analysis model for postmodern philosophy in France as a continuous tradition of consis...

Nowadays the world development is characterized by application of various practices that manipulate human consciousness. Cultural diplomacy of the Soviet Union was one of these practices. Its analysis involves the search for research programs and application of various epistemological schemes that enable us to obtain and form ideas about this phenomenon. The choice of a cognitive method is ontologically determined by the nature of philosophical knowledge and requires addressing the socio-cultural context of the co...

The article deals with the process of childbirth and the factors affecting it. Actuality of this work is caused by the significant decline in the birth rate in Russia in 2017-2018. The article describes the institution of the family as an integral part of the socio-economic structure of society, in which changes of the whole system naturally entail changes in its elements. Groups of factors influencing the childbirth process are determined. The main attention is devoted to the analysis of the influence of economic...

This paper considers boredom as a non-authentic modus of human existence, which includes emptiness of life and absence of fullness, as the opposite to an authentic modus, which means living full and meaningful life. From the one hand, by contrast, it could be used as a source of inspiration. From the other hand, from the deeper point of view, it could be used as an opportunity to manage self-transformation. We also used a classification of types of boredom by M. Heidegger - from the routine to the deep existential...

Transhumanism is the movement for a radical change in human nature: physiology, emotions and feelings, intellect, etc.; it exists for several decades. Transhumanism as a project of human transformation is impossible without the use of high technologies. These include cloning, genetic engineering, cognitive technology, nanotechnology, information technology. It is important that Transhumanism uses scientific developments, but is not limited to them. The ideologists of Transhumanism try, firstly, to explain the reas...