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FREUD ABOUT ETHICAL AS CULTURE SOURCE: "DIALOGUE" WITH KANT

T. Kuzubova

Abstract

The article substantiates the thesis about the central role of the phenomenon of ethical in the Kantian and Freudian reconstructions of the culture genesis. Comparative and hermeneutic methods of research are used. With necessity ethical conception of psychoanalysis founder presupposes a reference to Kant, but it contains a clear and hidden polemic with his ethical apriorism. In this connection, a comparative analysis of the two versions of the culture genesis is carried out, and similarity and difference of these interpretations of the role of ethical in this process are revealed. It is shown that in fact both thinkers understand the meaning of culture in the same way ? as the unification of individuals into a community to achieve happiness. According to Freud and Kant the moral collision associated with the act of freedom, which, however, is interpreted differently, is forming the culture origin. The point at which their positions coincide is the opposition to ethical sensual desires, the thought of abandoning them as a condition of cultural existence. It is asserted that the model of "transgression", which marks the beginning of the process of culture, a kind of "sinful fall" of man, is of timeless nature. Both thinkers are characterized by ethical pessimism: they state that the rejection of desires under the influence of a categorical imperative and cultural progress do not lead to the growth of individual happiness. At the same time, the article shows significant differences between Kantian and Freudian interpretations of the ethical phenomenon, which are related to the difference between classical and non-classical paradigms of philosophy thinking. Reconstructing the culture genesis, Kant does not raise the question of the genesis of ethical: the unity of the mind, ethical and freedom is an attribute of the human being, synonymous with the human being. Moral law is initially present in the structure of the individual and precedes any act of freedom. According to Freud act of freedom as a manifestation of the instinct of aggression leads to the formation of the Super Ego, identified with conscience; the genesis of ethical and the culture genesis coincide. Freud deciphers the moral law, revealing in the base of its obligatory character a dramatic struggle of sensual desires. Despite the ethical pessimism of both thinkers and the difference in philosophical foundations for the interpretation of ethical and culture, they are characterized by the pathos of "consciousness enlargement" to cultural forms of freedom

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2019V/2.1/S06.013

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