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The worldwide challenges related with the agricultural sector are diversifying and the financing of this field is more and more required in order to develop the sustainable agriculture while mitigating and adapting to climate change. This paper aims to overview the agriculture finance landscape worldwide by investigating the Scopus research publications. Also, it was conducted an analysis at BRIC and USA levels. The review uses the bibliometric techniques for emphasizing the evolution during 1960-2016 time frames,...

This paper discusses bilingualism in early and pre-school age. Considering that the world has become a global village and a multicultural community, bilingualism in general and especially in the young population, is a unique phenomenon, and as such it is increasingly subject to the interest of many linguists, sociolinguists, psychologists and other professionals (including school and kindergarten teachers). In this paper we discuss the various definitions of bilingualism and the very process of becoming a bilingua...

The advent of neoliberal capitalism at the beginning of the 1980s led to the rise and media promotion of celebrity philanthropy. Groundbreaking events in the media affirmed celebrity philanthropy, for example Bob Geldof's organisation of the Live Aid concert in 1985 with the aim of collecting aid for the hungry in Africa. Geldof's example was an inspiration for other celebrities such as the musician Bono Vox, the actress Angelina Jolie to engage in philanthropic activities. In the analysis of their philanthropic a...

In economic relations, the equality of the parties is purely of formal nature at times, especially in the case of entering into the legal relationship with a professional whose capital and information position is implicitly stronger than the position of a non-professional contractual partner. When offering goods and services to the consumers, the entrepreneurs are encumbered with many domestic or supranational duties (for example obligation to provide information). However, the practical examples prove that the co...

The article is devoted to topical issues of application of the blended learning methodology for teaching foreign languages in a higher educational institution. According to the author, blended learning, mediated by network interaction using computers and the Internet, can be successful if the role of students and their autonomy is strengthened in the learning process, and the emphasis is shifted from teaching to training, from teacher to student. Based on conducted practical experience, comparative analysis and in...

In the path of gender transition, the body may assume a very important role. Through gender transition it is possible to undertake hormonal treatments, surgical operations in order to modify the primary or secondary sexual characteristics, but also other practices of body change and care not bounded to the medical context. These possible interventions or actions may imply different processes of change, meanings and needs, sometimes with doubts and difficulties, for the person in transition who is engaged in giving...

The article shows the relationship between the development of information technologies, the characteristics of the information society and digital art. The broad possibilities of the digital world related to recording, storing and processing data (cyber text, big data, smart services) and the creation of virtual worlds are pointed out. The influence of the development of information technologies on the character of the works of art (their variability and availability) is also considered. On the basis of representa...

This paper considers boredom as a non-authentic modus of human existence, which includes emptiness of life and absence of fullness, as the opposite to an authentic modus, which means living full and meaningful life. From the one hand, by contrast, it could be used as a source of inspiration. From the other hand, from the deeper point of view, it could be used as an opportunity to manage self-transformation. We also used a classification of types of boredom by M. Heidegger - from the routine to the deep existential...

The visual identity of airlines is important component of their business. This is emerging from intermediate service character of air transport which is not primary target of passengers and is significantly unified at the international level. Air transport as a service is intangible, processes and resources are very similar and thus greater emphasis must be placed on the visual identity of companies. The article describes the specifics of the marketing mix of airlines with emphasis on the fifth and sixth P - Peopl...

The article concerns the problem of the gradual change in the balance of power between the West and a group of rapidly developing countries, particularly the BRICS countries. The data from the World Bank, the IMF, the OECD, the Total Economy Database and other open sources have formed the base for research. In recent years, the world economy has demonstrated the accumulation of unresolved imbalances. Evaluation of observed trends in the world economy proves the need to complement the actions of international econo...

In the 1950s, Alison and Peter Smithson, somewhat unfortunately used the term brutalism to name an emerging trend. In English, the element of brutality of this term turned out to be very strong, creating negative thinking about architecture made of raw concrete. However brutalism is not only the rawness of the material, it is also an expressive architectural form, and this rawness emphasizes this expressiveness. Brutalist architecture is often sculptural, but above all it is massive, dominating over its surroundin...

The subject of this paper is an analysis and evaluation of budgetary policy and the state of public finances in Scandinavian countries of the European Union (Denmark, Finland and Sweden) in 2000-2018. The adopted basis of assessment is budget deficit and public debt ratios to the GDP. The statistical data was drown from the AMECO and IMF databases. Comparison of the situation of the public finances in the analysed countries to the average situation in the euro area is an important aspect of the evaluation. The goa...

This article is devoted for studying the forms and directions of cooperation between Ukraine and African countries, the analysis of the negative and positive aspects of this process, its perspectives and role in modern world politics and economics. The relevance of the research topic comes from the need to study the process of cooperation between the countries of the developing regions of the world in the economic and political spheres. Secondary actors of world politics are the objects of study in all three main ...

This study presents the results of studentsВ’ work from Hafen City University in Hamburg and Gdansk University of Technology, carried out as part of a joint studio dealing with Nowy Port problem area. It refers to the methodology and design proposals, as well as to individual projects of students from Gdansk University of Technology - Spatial Management and Architecture. The aim of this study is to present framework project guidelines resulting from in-depth analyzes and projects of international groups to show de...

The European car market is progressing with a relatively fast pace during 2017 and the trends in the development of the new car registration in Bulgaria are advancing even further. The automobile industry and the automobile market generate high gross value added in the development of the economy of all countries, which is the rationale for the research of the dynamics and the structure of car sales. The main aim of the current paper is to indicate some fundamental perspectives for the development of the car market...

Business communication in English is getting more highlighted in the globalized context, as the English language spreads as the most dominant lingua franca in international business settings. While the volume of studies focused on business communication in various disciplines continues to increase, new strands of research emerge; some approaches are going out of focus. To improve our understanding and offer a more realistic picture of the field of business communication in English, we examined promising trends in ...

Business ethics is a wide subject that can be applied to all moral or ethical issues that arise in a business environment. Recent business ethics scandals have created a moral minefield of shifting expectations and growing uncertainty about the responsibilities of business. Economies fare better thriving in environments free of scandals, in morally cleaner firms. Firms often start out making good, ethical decisions, but the line separating right from wrong can be easy to cross. The article aptly illustrates that 1...

Economic security of a stable enterprise that gains profit meeting its ownersa?? demands, is based on presence and efficient usage of all required components for marketable goods production in the respective legislative environment. There are two aspects of economic security of an enterprise: operative and strategic. A strategy targets economically safe development of an enterprise, while business activities are to guarantee effective functioning of an enterprise in terms of economic security, which means generati...

The topic of inbound logistics costs has recently become very actual. Inbound logistics involves a relationship with suppliers and also includes all the activities required for income, physical control and warehouse of inputs. Inbound logistics has become an interdisciplinary science that deals with optimal coordination, alignment, interconnection and optimization of the flow of raw materials, materials, semi-finished products, products and services, but it must not forget the flow of information and finance. The ...

The article deals with the topical issue of assessment of recreational loads on the most visited forest areas near the lakes of the Republic of Mari El. Here in the organization of rest a special role belongs to the owners of leased areas, which do not limit mass visits exceeding the established standards. Therefore, in conditions of significant recreational nature and exhibiting a natural deficit of water recreational resources of growing importance for the purposes of recreation acquire comprehensive studies to ...

With the advancement of the Internet, the rise of the Big-data, rapid evolution of the computer science, huge progression in robotics and programming caused the development of the Artificial Intelligence, which leads it to deal with complex issues and task. Further, this technology seems to be able to generate contents as different as music, poems, paintings, movie or news scripts, jokes along with creative problem-solving. However, can machines create paintings or produce images as an art? Firstly, this paper bri...

In recent years, some Russian scientific journals have noted that the interest in texts and literature written in the language of the metropolis is becoming more and more topical in foreign (i.e., English-language) linguistics, and the scientific interest in the so-called 'Contact Literature' is growing as well. A well-known American scientist of Indian origin, the author of the term 'contact literature' Braj B. Kachru writes: "Language changes as a result of the contact of languages are not limited to grammar, vo...

Museums are essential memorial institutions that keep information about the lives of our At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, human resources are already a very important part of the factors of production. Apart from land, labor and financial capital, human resources are sum of the unique capabilities of individuals, which can be both inherited and acquired, can be expanded by appropriate investment and lead to the production of goods, both public and private. In today's modern theory, people are less seen ...

This paper focuses on captions for visuals as a specific type of scientific microtext and provides functional, semantic and structural analysis of this linguistic phenomenon in English scientific texts. For our research, we used captions for visuals in monographs and edited volumes, as well as collections of scholarly articles published in the last decades (1990-2010). Papers in scientific journals were deliberately ignored, because in this type of publications authors are generally restricted by the journal style...

Background & Aim: To investigate the potential of cardiovascular disease as risk factor for periodontal disease in the context of current etiology model. Methods: It was used a cross-sectional sample consisting of 374 dentate adults, age >30 years. Subjects were selected from patients attending periodontal care between years 2016-2017 in the Faculty of Dentistry Constanta Romania, South-Eastern Europe. Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee and each patient signed an informed consent form. T...

This article aims to demonstrate how career counsellors perceive discrepancies between requirements of the labour market and education of job seekers. We delivera closer perspective of view of a young and employed people on the labour market as well as the requirement that employers have on job seekers. Young graduates are disadvantages by the lack of work experience. Employees often prefer people with larger work experience although they may have lower qualifications as well as job seekers who speak some foreign ...

The carsharing of a current generation is a short-term car renting service with a capability to find in the nearest surrounding a fleet car parked anywhere in the public space where the previous user left it, as well as to book, open, rent and pay of, with the use of a dedicated mobile application. Nowadays, only a minority of municipalities is considering implementing the carsharing in their policies. The lack of awareness of decision-makers about carsharing results from the lack of a research regarding complex p...

Name days (also known as feast days) are celebrated in several European countries, but nowhere else has it acquired such a wide recognition as in Latvia. The origin of the feast goes back to the eighteenth century after the first Catholic Calendars were published in Latvia, nevertheless, nowadays there is no longer explicit connection to Christianity. Although in the Church (Catholic, Lutheran, Orthodox) calendars, the name days are arranged on the basis of the saintsВ’ heavenly birthday or the date of death, it i...

As its content itself stipulates, as a rule, the provisions of the Romanian Statute of Civil Servants approved by Law no. 188/1999, republished, do not apply to contractual staff employed in public authorities and institutionsВ’ own bodies and who carry out secretarial, administrative, protocol, management, maintenance-repair, supply and security activities and to other staff categories who do not have public authority prerogatives. Therefore, with regard to contractual staff, the legal relationship developed betw...

Cervical cancer is a major worldwide health problem that can be prevented by using a simple exam, a cervical-vaginal cytology or Pap smear. Romania has the highest incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in Europe. Romanian people have a strong fear towards cancers and, paradoxically, toward screening measures for cancer. Objectives: To determine the efficiency of Romanian Health Programmes regarding cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: The last six decennial periods were analysed from the point of view...

Nowadays we face with the challenge of managerialism that constructs what is called common sense in social management, i.e. which could be interpreted as "obvious" criteria of evaluation concerning purposes and methods of management actions’ implementation. The ideological essence of managerialism demonstrates itself through the activity of groups of interests that is presented as interest of all “progressive” members of society. These groups of interests include state officials, “academic bureaucracy”, m...

There are many of challenges for good governance and democracy in 21st century - fake news, post-truth argumentation style, rise of populism through social media, rise of populism in reality, etc. The backbone of problem is not fragmentation of views and opposition to government in power - on contrary - this always will be the source of fruitful decision making in democracies; the problem is ability to deliver information from government to people and vice versa to ensure objective discussion. So called Digital Ag...

This article presents current issues in the development of international relations on the basis of the Eurasian Economic Union countries expand the use of national currencies and the coordinated support of economic actors State institutions of the countries partners. The joint work of international teams contributes to the implementation of economic programs of mutual interest, and strengthens the trend towards the formation of a multipolar world. To expand the use of national currencies in international relations...

The research aims to explain the relationship between governance and welfare, analysing 20 countries, some of the richest and most developed countries in Europe, and some developing countries. The period analysed is 2002–2016. While the World Database of Happiness is the source for welfare data, for governance we used the Worldwide Governance Indicators from the World Bank. The latter ones are widely used as some of the best comparable international governance indicators, having perception-based measures from th...

Games on chance make important part of the free movement of services within the European Union (hereinafter: EU) internal Market. Due to the development of technology, the online gambling is a fast developing activity in Europe. Since this activity can be provided by the Internet the market of the gambling industry practically doesn’t have physical limits. Different kinds of gambling services often operate across borders and can also operate outside the control of individual EU countries’ national authorities. ...

By the beginning of the XX century in the Russian Empire home beer production was not subject to any taxes and was widely developed among peasants. To large holidays, especially local, village, to weddings peasants always boiled beer in large quantities, but again same only for themselves, not on sale. In the late nineteenth century significantly increased the role of indirect taxes, and above all drink taxes. By the beginning of XX century. Russia had the following indirect taxes: taxes on sugar, matches, oil, to...

The current knowledge of the management of the capital structures of companies does not enable clear determination of optimum ratios of debt to equity. The factors considered by managers in their decisions concerning ways to finance their companies only partly match the theoretical findings on those matters. Empirical studies mention the following factors affecting the financial leverage: legal and institutional constraints, size of the company, profitability of the company, and growth prospects of the company. Th...

The paper is devoted to the study of the French punctuation system development and processes taking place in it currently. The views of researchers, regarding the criteria for punctuation marks and their classification, have been considered. Punctuation (broadly understood) is integrated into a system that includes not only traditional text punctuation marks, but also typographic graphic signs. There is a possibility for expanding the punctuation system of modern French. Contemporary French-speaking authors widely...

Information and communication technologies (ICT) play an important role in the development of modern Russian society. Their fast development together with the convergence of computer systems with different types of communications resulted in the need to reevaluate the perception of these technologies in the spiritual sphere of a human being. This paper analyses the implementation of information and communication technologies into the spiritual sphere of the Russian society. Based on the analysis of statistical and...

Charles I was the king of England, Scotland and Ireland, whose conflicts with the parliament provoked a civil war (1642–1651) and led to the execution of the king in 1649. Following his father, James I, who was fond of the architecture, theatre and music, Charles became the patron of the arts. James commissioned Inigo Jones, the first English classical architect, to construct the Banqueting House at Whitehall Palace. The House caused a sensation becoming the first truly classical building in London. It became th...

The article presented here has its origins in the framework of R+D project Multiculturalism and Social Exclusion in Images for Children: Illustration and Pedagogy (HAR2014-53168-P. Spanish Ministry of the Economy and Competitiveness). The fundamental aim of this project is to analyze the potential of children’s picture books as a complementary tool for teaching infant and primary level schoolchildren about values with regard to gender equality, multiculturalism, disability and, in general, “difference”. Set o...

In European countries, including Poland, parents and psychologists are starting to pay more and more attention to overload of children with school duties and additional classes and tutoring before starting attractive studies or even working to earn extra money. According to UNICEF, around 150 million children all over the world aged 5 to 14 years are forced to work, with the highest number in African and Asian countries and in Central and Eastern Europe, which represents ca. 5% of global population. This has a neg...

The article deals with the actual problem of the evolution of Chinese foreign policy in East Asia in recent decades. Historically, the region is a sphere of special interests of China. After the end of the Cold War era, the balance of power in the Asia-Pacific region shifted in favor of the US-Japan bloc, but in modern conditions of economic weakening of Japan and losing of the military and political superiority on a global scale of the United States, and in the situation of strengthening Russia as an important pl...

The article summarizes of materials sociological monitoring of student of Sverdlovsk region (1995-2016) – in terms of the motivation of choice University. Monitoring materials published [1], disclosed in the publication methodology and research technique, unsubstantiated picks and sample size. The sample included monitoring student survey III course on four main areas of learning (socio-economic, humanitarian, scientific and technical). A number of issues (in particular, of the reasons for the choice of the Univ...

From the earliest times, the man tried to find ways to reduce the stress level and to find ways to relax physical, mental and spiritual. The sauna is one of most renowned method for its healing properties. There are many types of saunas, the most known are the finnish traditional sauna and the infrared sauna; the last one, because of the technology used, is the most up to date. A new concept appeared few years ago in the infrared saunas domain, and that is the usage of a chromotherapy during the sesion. The infrar...

Fairy tales have their roots in archaic society and archaic thought, thus immediately succeeding myths. Myths have close connection to their bearers and folktales are В‘displacedВ’ in time and space. The timelessness of the tale and lack of geographic specificity endow it with utopian connotations. The spatiotemporal indefiniteness, or such a definiteness, which is not characteristic to reality is the most essential feature of the tale genre. The particular construction of fictional space and time, the chronotope,...

Transylvania became an important and well-liked destination for English travelers in the nineteenth century. Their travel accounts provide intriguing insights into the cultural, social, as well as political climate of the period. John PagetВ’s journey was meticulously recorded in his extensive book entitled Hungary and Transylvania (1839) that served as a travel guide for other British visitors after him. Archibald Andrew Paton, writer and diplomat, synthesized his travel memoirs in the volume entitled: The Goth a...

Is it possible to learn more from the fact that cities are subject to scaling laws, than just about their complexity? It is often pointed out that along with the increase in size, some important characteristics of cities do not grow linearly but exponentially - in some cases - as in the case of infrastructure development - with an exponent smaller than one; and in some, as in the case of residents' income - with an exponent greater than one. This means that larger cities use the acquired resources more effectively...

Under condition of dominance of the Russian etatist political model, crisis of democratic institutions, problems of civil and political rightsВ’ exercise by certain social groups, and with a relatively low level of political and civic engagement, the wide dissemination of civic and social initiatives could engage citizens in the tackling problems at the local, regional and federal levels. By the means of activity approach, case study and taking into account citizens' motivation the author defined civic and social ...

This article focuses on development and design of class of the counterparty reliability recognition system which constitutes verification process of potential or currently existing counterparty of any scale and form of ownership. The Relevance of the development depends on organizationsВ’ necessity for understanding of due diligence indicators in contract award. The target audience of the program is small and medium enterprises of Russian Federation and individual entrepreneurs who can gain additional competitive ...