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PROGRAMMING, REGULATION AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH SPECIFIC LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT AND SENSORIMOTOR ALALIA

Elena A. Gorobets, R. G. Gamirova, E. A. Sakharov, V. I. Gorobets, V. I. Marulina

Abstract

Background. Sensorimotor alalia (SMA) is regarded as a specific Russian-language term but it has no analogs in neurology and neuropsychology. It is a disorder of impressive and expressive speech development at the early stages without the previous period of normal speech development according to ICD-10. The term SLI (specific language impairment) reflects other types of speech disorders. It is an urgent question if SMA is more closely connected with the disorders of programming, regulation and control functions than SLI and if the risk of learning disabilities is higher in children with SMA than in children with SLI. Material and methods. We observed 35 children with SLI (levels 2 and 3) and 42 children with SMA (levels 2 and 3) aged 3.5-6.5. We conducted the neurolinguistic assessment to reveal SLI and SMA and the neuropsychological assessment of programming, regulation and control functions with the help of neurocognitive subtests worked out by T.V.Akhutina et al. and adapted to pre-school children with speech impairments in the laboratory of clinical linguistics at KFU. Exclusion criteria were: ADHD (confirmed by psychiatrists), mental retardation, epilepsy, autistic disorders, cognitive epileptiform disintegration, pediatric aphasia. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using the software package Statistica 10.0. Results. The neuropsychological assessment of programming, regulation and control functions revealed mild deficit in 12 (34%) children with SLI and in 15 (35,7%) children with SMA, moderate deficit – in 19 (54,2%) children with SLI and 16 (38%) children with SMA, severe deficit – in 2 (5,7%) children with SLI and 4 (9,5%) children with SMA. The method of conjugation tables revealed that there is no significant difference between the groups: p> 0.05. Conclusions: the risk of the deficit of programming, regulation and control functions is almost equal in children with SLI and SMA aged 3.5-6.5. It proves that sensorimotor alalia should be considered as a specific damage or a significant retardation in the development of speech areas, which does not affect the learning abilities more than SLI. The work is performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/3.2/S11.042

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