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Today the definition ‘Transnational Literature’ is used by some Russian philologists to determine the layer of Literature that can not be unequivocally attributed to a particular national literature. If, for example, the works of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy are directly connected with Russian Literature and culture, then there are still difficulties with regard to Literature created by non-Russian writers in Russian. During the Soviet period, Russian-language Literature (Russophone Literature – alternative term) wa...

The aim of the paper is to study the role of the transport communications of the Southern Russia, especially the railroads, in the initial period of the Great Patriotic war (1941-1942). For Russia, throughout its history, transport and related logistical problems were of significant and sometimes paramount importance. This postulate is characteristic of the period of the Great Patriotic War. The Nazis, who decided in June 1941 to attack the Soviet Union, soon began to face the challenge of supplying their army. Th...

Engineer and painter François Albanis Beaumont (1753-1811) travels on the most famous routes of the Grand Tour. Albanis Beaumont writes and draws. His approach to the region was different. In fact, the great Italian cities, their buildings and famous antiquities, seem relegated to second place, nevertheless he is a critical observer. The descriptions of the trips of Albanis Beaumont across the Alps are rich of topographical, economic, geological, anthropological and historical information. The traveller, however,...

The paper addresses the widely discussed problems of development of banking systems, as well as the problem of achieving a balance between ensuring financial stability and stimulating business activity in the country. The lessons of the global financial and economic crisis 2007-2009 prompted regulators and, in particular, the Basel Committee on banking supervision, to transform the regulatory system to more rigid models. The need for restrictions on the freedom of the market through increased powers of regulatory ...

Agriculture is an important sector of the economy in the European Union (EU) and milk production is one of the most significant agricultural sectors in Latvia. It has proven itself as the sector with stable development and future perspective. The purpose of this study is to analyse the dairy sector in Latvia and trends in its historical development and the future perspectives. To reach these purposes research tasks were set which helped to analyse the key elements of dairy sector in Latvia. This study allowed to c...

The study aims to explain motivational and behavioural patterns of political participation of Russian university youth in the context of contemporary trends in youth political participation in Europe and beyond. It is based on a sociological survey conducted among a sample of 976 students aged 18-21 in 12 higher education institutions of Sverdlovsk Oblast, a region found to be representative of RussiaВ’s youth at large. The findings show that, in line with a global trend, beside alienation from conventional politi...

Tunisian Jasmine revolution in January 2011 was closely monitored by media and experts from all over the world. It supposed to be the first and great step towards democracy. It took only 29 days and president Zine El Abdine Ben Ali left the country. A wave of enthusiasm followed, and Tunisians expected huge improvement of their lives. However, democracy does not mean automatically prosperity. Herein are discussed main reason, that helped revolution to run successfully and peacefully, what was the expectations of p...

This article is a part of broader research on the rationalist attitude in architectural theory and practice. The subject of the following considerations is the notion of typological thinking. Raising of this subject aims to systematize knowledge (both rich historical and contemporary theory) and to draw attention to the issue of type and typology as a potential tool for shaping architectural form. Categorization, classification, identification, definition, and constriction are constructs engrained in human nature,...

The study and research of extremism is extremely topical. Extremism touches every country. Increasingly, it also appears between intelligent populations or directly at universities. This theme deserves its space because it is Europe's modern geopolitical problem. The article consists of two parts. One part is theoretical and the other part is practical. The theoretical part was devoted to classical definitions such as: extremism, radicalism, but also political extremism and the resulting right-wing extremism and l...

In the study we addressed the problem of personal safety and for this purpose used a social role approach and a psychological analysis of criminal cases as a research method. The method was based on the following social role criteria: a) the level of the criminalВ’s or victimВ’s knowledge of the social role; b) the degree to which they have mastered role-play; c) the knowledge of not only oneВ’s own action scenario in the social role dyad but also of that of oneВ’s counter partner; d) an ability to understand the ...

Several groups of the population are threatened by unemployment. These groups include graduates from secondary schools and universities, individuals in the retirement age, persons with disabilities, persons with low level of education and other groups. One large group represents secondary school and university graduates. The aim of this article is to compare and evaluate the amount and causes of unemployment of this population group in Slovakia and in the Czech Republic. Although Slovakia and the Czech Republic in...

The paper dwells upon the historical process of introducing multilingual dictionaries into the Russian linguistics and its influence upon the Russian lexicography development. In the article two first Russian multilingual dictionaries of P.S. Pallas (1787-1789) and of T. Yankovich de Mirievo (1790-1791) were examined. It is noted that this type of dictionaries marked the qualitative shift from pure language facts collecting to comparative-historical and typological linguistics beginning, as multilingual dictionary...

The more and more accelerated scientific and technological progress in advanced economies requires an increased complexity of the uncertainty and non-repetitiveness characteristics of the university activities. This calls more and more for the diversification, perfection and refinement of the evaluation methods for the efficiency and effectiveness of the university activity, in the short, medium and long run under the new conditions of globalization and assertion of knowledge-based society. This paper compares met...

Bridges in urban areas often constitute architectural dominant features of particular cities. In general, while an arrangement of bridges in rural areas prefers technical points of view, in case of urban bridges esthetical or architectural perspective plays important role as well. It causes non-unified solutions and more complicated structures, frequently with very knotty details. Such structures cannot be monitored using conventional methods as shown in an example of the fallen footbridge in Prague recently. The ...

The paper is referring to the design workshop as a method of developing various project proposals for the difficult urban site. The study case was an area of Ringön in Gothenburg, Sweden. Gothenburg is probably just before the major transitions of the river area. Former and present industrial sites separate the city from the waterfront. The Göta River is still dividing the public space, the landscape potential seems unused. Revitalisation of the Ringön became a topic of an international workshop for students in...

Electrical lighting solutions affect the functioning of contemporary cites at a night-time. Urban lighting is associated with vision, provision of information and security as well as with the intelligent technologies. The amount, the appearance of light and its setup can significantly affect human behaviours and contribute tomajor spatial changes. This article verifies how emerging lighting technologies correspond with a design of the built environmentand how they may improve the robustness and resilience of a con...

Hospitals and hospital complexes represent an important function in the urban fabric of cities. As usually closed and impassable areas, they have specific requirements for a good accessibility and for a constant implementation of innovations in healthcare and technologies. Old hospital complexes situated in city centres and their outdated hospital buildings are often not able to adopt the advances in healthcare and they become dysfunctional. New modern hospital complexes are developed in more suitable urban locati...

Compared to the separate production of electric and thermal energy from conventional sources of fuels, their combined generation in a Combined Heat and Power Plant (CHP), produces a primary energy saving of at least 10%. This savings can also be translated by a proper reduction of pollution caused by combustion of fuels and thus by contributing to maintaining sustainable development. However, there are also situations where cogeneration can be extended to produce many more forms of useful energy, using the same ma...

In the context of an increased traffic volume and number of pedestrians on the streets and roads, we can observe an increase in the number of road traffic accidents involving road users, particularly children and adolescents. Children and adolescents get involved in road traffic accidents mainly due to ignorance of the rules of safe behavior on the streets and roads or traffic violations, as they do not comprehend the consequences of these violations. Therefore, it is very important to develop a sense of disciplin...

The economic pressure on the forestry fund is one of the greatest challenges of contemporary society, generating major imbalances both in the natural components of the territorial systems and in the anthropic ones. In order to quantify the evolution of the complexity of the phenomenon analysed, we have chosen for our research two methods of textural fractal analysis to determine which of the two is more relevant to the study. Textural fractal analysis is an analysis that no longer requires binarization, maintainin...

The majority of information has a spatial context that can be represented in the map. For some kinds of users, the map is not only the possibility but also the necessity. In such cases it is highly important that presented information is correctly understood by the target group of users. Among these belong people with visual impairments, for which, however, the conventional map is insufficient. The number of visually impaired people increases every year and to their full-fledged integration into society is devoted...

Higher education plays an important role in the formation of an environmentally literate society. Currently, federal state educational standards in the Russian system of higher education presuppose the development of general, professional and special competencies among university students. The new paradigm of higher education makes it necessary to look for new teaching practices, in particular, to use active and interactive technologies in the educational process. Fallowing these ideas, the carrying out of educati...

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the effectiveness of electronic educational resources for classes in Russian as a foreign language for medical students. The article analyzes various electronic educational Internet resources, which are used in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The effectiveness of electronic educational resources in teaching Russian as a foreign language to medical students was determined by an experiment conducted in two groups of students of the fourth year of the seventh seme...

Human Development Index (HDI) is calculated as a combined index of three indicators: the expected life expectancy, purchasing power and expected education. These three indicators can adequately represent the development of the country because the longer life expectancy of a population implies a better health condition, resulting in better psychophysical abilities or greater human vitality. The purchasing power of the population indirectly expresses the level of satisfaction of the needs, and thus the satisfaction ...

Using Unreal Engine 4 in linguistics to create standalone educational applications Creating customized standalone applications is one of the current trends in business that also started to have its influence on the sphere of education. It offers a large variety of opportunities to linguists and language teachers alike. In this publication the author explored the untapped potential of the latest technology that became available to a very wide audience due to the recent rapid development of mobile graphics processin...

This study aims to reveal the findings about the validity and reliability of the psychological empowerment scale (PES) developed by [1]. Research data has been collected by applying survey to the health institution professionals. Of the total 12 items in the scale, 3 were excluded from the analysis due to their low factor loadings. Factor analysis results of the remaining 9 items were collected under 2 dimensions. In the confirmatory factor analysis, model test values (p <.05); x2 (88.117), x2 / df (3.421), confir...

The study was aimed at describing the value system of sexual workers in private sex business. The study used the quantitative research strategy and the technique of standardized VALS (Values and Lifestyle) questionnaire. Additionally to the questionnaires, the respondents were also subject to biographical-narrative interviews dealing with the motivation for work in sex business, risk behaviour and other topics. The research set consisted of women working in private sex business (N=37) and advertising their service...

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the effectiveness of electronic educational resources for classes in Russian as a foreign language for medical students. The article analyzes various electronic educational Internet resources, which are used in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The effectiveness of electronic educational resources in teaching Russian as a foreign language to medical students was determined by an experiment conducted in two groups of students of the fourth year of the seventh seme...

Balkan architecture, as a synthesis between Orient and Occident, has offered modern architecture many possibilities for continuity and particularization. These features, interpreted and exploited by Henriette Delavrancea-Gibory, Romanian architect from the modern period, can be found within the architectural works on the shore of the Black Sea. The villas from Balchik, integrated to a specific landscape and in harmony with the spirit of the place, continue and reinterpret the local traditions of the vernacular arc...

Construction of various types of buildings and engineering structures invariably interferes, although to different degrees, with the surrounding environment. Every development project is executed in a strictly delineated area and under specific conditions. While planning a construction project, the investor is obligated to analyze several variants of its execution, including an assessment of different effects it may have on the environment. The investor can evaluate the impact on the surrounding ecosystems, in its...

This article is devoted to the empirical confirmation or refutation of an intuitively obvious assumption that more frequent words retain the inflectional type well, while less frequent words tend to change under the influence of analogy. This situation was confirmed in similar works during the study of verb unification process with an irregular declension in English and German: it was proved that the more frequent an irregular verb is, the more time it takes for it to transform into a regular one. However, the Rus...

In history of architecture and urban planning, there are examples of theoretical projects that had much higher impact on history of building construction art than actual buildings realized by authors of such theoretical projects. During 10th Architecture Biennale in Venice, in 2006, Italian architects presented an original concept of city VEMA, located near Verona and Mantua, positioned on a cross axis along Lisbon–Kiev and Berlin–Palermo line. The model of the ideal city that has crystalized in theoretical ar...

One of the basic theoretical postulates for the protection of monuments is to preserve them in the place of their creation. However, such action is not always possible to implement. The great historical processes of the 20th century led to significant national, political, religious and cultural changes in the border areas between Poland and Ukraine. As a result of those changes, a large number of wooden churches have lost their users. These buildings indicate the development of the skills of using wood as the basi...

Stalking is becoming a substantial social pathology in contemporary times. Nowadays, stalking adopted a form of cyberstalking, which means harassment or intimidation using contemporary communication channels, such as sending a large number of e-mails to the person who does not want it. There have been numerous publications in the scientific literature that described stalking, emphasizing its sociological, psychological and legal effects. These studies have revealed e.g. the causes of stalking or characterized stal...

The cult of the Virgin Mary as the patroness of the Livonian Order played an important role in the history of medieval Livonia. Through the use of different subjects and symbols associated with the Holy Mother, the Order unambiguously declared its claims for the leadership in the region. However, the peculiarities of her worship in the OrderВ’s domain and among its authorities differed greatly. This research is trying to the find those differences. In the work were complexly used general scientific and special his...

This paper focuses on the virological epistemology principles that form the basis for viral idea translation in terms of the world of knowledge (“Third World”, as defined by Karl Popper). Within this framework, five principles can be identified, specifically, dependence on the knowledge holder, infecting, spreading, networking and self-organization. For the evolutionary epistemology, with the modern evolutionary synthesis being its metaphorical resource, such transfer is quite traditional. Two constituents of ...

In the sixteenth century, after the austerity of the medieval atmosphere,and the perfect harmony of the Renaissance forms, the rich and cultured commission of the European courts began to turn towards new architectural and expressive solutions. These new expressions, had a substantial purpose: to amaze, to distance themselves from such elegant perfection as if one wanted to declare a certain "boredom" towards the now consolidated splendor. Today, in the yacht design world we are witnessing what we could call a for...

Visual space and music seem to be the components of the real space, which are separated, and donВ’t come together but interaction of the rules of vision and sound can bring interesting research effects. I am convinced that the basis of visual arts can be adopted on the ground of music and deepen our knowledge about music of that time. In fact, visual and architectural space is around the composer and the listener. Moreover, it is experienced during musical performance and has a great impact on it. Areas of vision ...

Persons with severe visual impairment are trained by a large number of professionals, from doctors, special educators, social workers to lawyers or finance specialists. In the framework of our contribution, we would like to present a comprehensive overview of the complex services provided to individuals with severe visual impairment within the Czech Republic and then focus on visual therapists as professionals from the field of visual therapy. Visual therapy in the Czech Republic is relatively new field, where the...

This paper describes the photographic heritage of Diane Arbus in the context of visual overcoming and transformation of the norm. Interest in what most people would call outcasts, misfits and freaks as an accepted theme of the underground culture finds a new semiotic interpretation in the artistВ’s work. Inspired by Tod Browning's cult horror movie Freaks (1932), which featured an array of marginalized physical disabilities, Arbus creates her own freaks gallery (A Jewish giant at home with his parents in the Bronx...

The objective of this paper is to present complementary schooling in Cz?stochowa in the years since 1918 until 1939. The submitted text presents the difficult situation of schooling for males and females in the interwar period, among others, in the aspect of legal status, financial situation and finding premises. The authoress used the method of historical research constituted by the analysis of documents. In the course of research, it was established that, until the year 1937, there had been no legal regulations ...

The article focuses on voice and manners (manner of speaking and behavior) as social indices implicitly attributing social standing to a speaker/character. Modern British and American literature allows us to draw parallels between two cultures in the way the upper-class characters are depicted in novels and through the prism of voice and manners descriptions come to the conclusion that there is one shared code of prosodic and behavioral signs unambiguously indicating a characterВ’s belongingness to the upper class...

The article presents the main results of the development of a range of proposals for the development of volunteering in tourism in Russia, provided that typical risks and threats caused by this phenomenon are reduced. Volunteering in tourism is a rather complicated topic. It includes many ethical, organizational, legal, economic and other aspects. There are two main components in it: volunteering at tourist sites, as well as volunteer tourism (voluntourism) and other types of tourism that have a volunteer element....

Voter apathy or the lack of interest to participate in the electoral process by ordinary citizens in the Republic of Macedonia, has been and remains one of the main issues that the electoral system of the country is being faced with. In fact, during the last couple of elections voter apathy has shown growing trends, while no real mechanisms to limit it have been set in motion. In fact, voter apathy in certain electoral cycles has even threatened the legality of the entire electoral process and the legislator of th...

The purpose of this article is to outline a generic framework for dealing with acts and facts of corruption within the structures with control responsibilities. We propose, integrating past findings and combining existing approaches, to present a two-way analytical view of the phenomenon of corruption manifested in such structures. Thus, our research has led us to a conceptual model that also aims to integrate empirical knowledge on the vulnerability to corruption of investigating agents and which is able to outli...

В‘War of the KnightsВ’ (Ritter Krieg) is a medieval alchemical narrative, written in the form of judicial combat between the allegorical figures of the Sun (gold) and Mars (iron). The purpose of the study is to show that if one considers the verbal duel of the В‘knightsВ’ not as alchemic dispute, but as a clash of interests of various medieval social classes, the contents of the book is clear, and the alchemist is engaged in the analysis of the historical and socio-political situation in the late Middle Ages. The ...

After the end of the military operations and the German occupation of Poland, the border areas around ?adca in Kysuce Region and SpiВљ region were joined to Slovakia. The population enthusiastically received reconnection of the territories to Slovakia. After the calming of the situation on the border, the formation of new public administration structures began. The situation at the borders was finally stabilized after the signing of the Slovak-German Border Treaty, on 21 November 1939 in Berlin, which temporarily ...

Co-ownership represents an encumbrance of the entire property. Encumbrances take the form of the mandatory approval of any action involving a co-owned item to be obtained by every co-owner of real estate from other co-owners, thereby restricting the exercise of a co-ownerВ’s property right. It should be stressed that property is an absolute right in rem, one of the fundamental rights of every individual; therefore, any restriction must be soft to the maximum extent practicable, granting the owner the widest possib...

The document defining the spatial development policy of the city in Poland is study of conditions and directions of spatial management. For proper planning of public spaces, it is crucial that the study fulfills its regulatory functions accurately, protects the common good against the market game and against usurpation of these areas for non-social functions. Therefore, planning records should determine the accurate localization and ensure, within the designated boundaries, two things: firstly, a place for anticip...

The aim of the article is to study ways of the implementation of the strategy of the economic diversification in countries – major oil exporters. It is well-known that the expansion of non-oil sources of added value is the main guideline of the economic diversification and decreasing the dependency on oil revenues in the developing countries – oil exporters. Many economists recommend to such states rapid privatization and reduction of the government participation in the economy as almost the only way of the di...