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This article describes the possible causes of low strength magnesia binder, mixing an aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate. The results of X-ray diffraction are shown.

The purpose of this article is to present spatial and functional transformations undergoing in the structure of Wieliczka town and its surroundings. Wieliczka is an important medieval town with rich historical heritage. The Salt Mine, which is on the list of the World Unesco Heritage, is its main tourist attraction. Wieliczka is situated in Krakow metropolitan area and despite having its own administration is heavily under Krakow's influence. Transformations of its functional and spatial structure concern two sphe...

Informed user can briefly be defined as the fictive person who is to assess an industrial design's distinctive/individual character when it is a subject matter in law cases, where the protection conditions of a registered industrial design are to bear novelty and to have distinctive/individual character. Further, it is a point of view which is supposed to be adopted while assessing the designs in such cases. It is possible to state that “informed user”, either as a notion or as a means of assessment, can be ac...

The sense, role and some types of crises in social and economic systems is shown in this paper. The comparative analysis of concept and a role of crisis in economic systems from the point of view of the standard economic theory (classical and Keynesian approaches, dynamic models, etc.) and concept of crises in social and economic systems from the point of view of the theory of self-organization are carried out. The difference of concepts of sustainability of system in the specified theories is also shown. Showing ...

Even though the term 'Parametric' originates from mathematics and refers to the use of certain parameters or variables that can be edited to manipulate or alter the end result of an equation or system, by a quick search through internet it is known that the parametric architectural design is a process based on algorithmic thinking that enables the expression of parameters and rules together to define and to encode and finally to clarify the relationship between architectural design intent and architectural design ...

The present paperwork presents the development and the results of a micro-level scientific research regarding the interdependencies of strategic management and knowledge management. Throughout the paper content we briefly introduce the conceptual framework which is represented by the connections between knowledge management and strategic management both in theory and practice. The research focuses to discover the managers' perspective and practices with respect to the strategic management and application of knowle...

The present paper describes the concept of cross-functional managers compared with the one of traditional, classical managers. Using the reference literature on cross-functionality and our findings from the managerial practice, this paper investigates the status of cross-functional managers within both traditional and modern enterprises. We explore the position and capability of cross-functional managers to fulfil their objectives and to favorably solve the identity matters they are confronting with.

The article deals with the possibility of energy-saving manufacturing of the construction magnesium oxychloride cements increase by addition of intensifier additives in furnace charge. The mechanism of additives effect, and also dependence of their action efficiency according to the chemical nature of substances are considered.

In the contemporary era, the right to health is a human right and is based on the natural rights of humans. Hence the obligation of the states to develop appropriate legislation and to implement this obligation. In other words, the social responsibility in health. Currently, in Europe there is a close collaboration between the World Health Organization, the European Union and the Council of Europe with the declared aim to support the implementation of coordinated strategies for the implementation of patient rights...

The purpose of this paper is to analyse specific rules concerning free movement of goods, especially measures that may hinder market access. Articles 34 and 35 of the Treaty of the Functioning the European Union (hereinafter: TFEU) prohibit quantitative restrictions on imports and exports and all measures having equivalent effect as quantitative restrictions between all Member States. The European Court of Justice (hereinafter: ECJ) dealt with a number of cases concerning Articles 34 and 35 TFEU. Even after numero...

Technical-technological environment became very strong environment in recent years. It significantly affects and influences life in a globalized world as well as in tourism sphere. There can be found many factors within this environment. They bring new technologies, therefore new products and new market opportunities when considering tourism as important economic facilitator in the global economy. Due to a modern technologies disposition and rapid exchange of information and deciding of customers, strengthens the ...

The article defines the essence and content of the program budgeting. The role of state programs is identified as the main instrument of the program budgeting in the budgetary strategy development in the region. The state programs should occupy a central place in the budget process at the sub-national level including budget-planning, implementation of the budget expenditures and monitoring their effectiveness. An important way to im-prove the budget process based on the program budgeting is structuring of financia...

Communication in tourism sphere is very important. We can say that communication affects tourism as it is. Informational technology in recent years hit every area of business and influenced the use of marketing tools in the field of tourism as well. In the era of information society the information have character of power supply. Internet communication is essential to the success of any company, organization, destinations, but also of each individual. Timely and relevant information help to obtain a significant co...

France is well-known for its solid and fierce social system, particularly in terms of employment. However, despite the French legislator's efforts to create a legislative protection shield for the French employees, moral harassment at work developed itself as a silent, ever-growing and - at a certain extent - tolerated phenomenon which led to a significant number of suicides. This paper aims to present the proper, complex and thorough legislative protection granted under the French legislation against various type...

The relevance of the study is confirmed by the fact that the processes of restructuring of the telecommunications sector and increasing competition put forward new requirements for the forms and methods of strategic management by business operators. The aim of this study is to optimize the business operators through improved strategic management. Methodological basis of the study is methods of system analysis, comparisons and analogies, logical-semantic modeling. As the theoretical basis the works of domestic and ...

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the electoral reforms that have been performed in Romania in the last 25 years, in order to identify their effects, which have been, in some cases, harmful to the already difficult process of transition to democracy. We base our working hypothesis on the assumption that the large number of these reforms, as well as, in some cases, their ambiguity and/or complexity, represented important criteria which led to a constant decrease in the population's voting participation a...

In an earlier paper titled “European Union Enlargement to the Western Balkans applied to the Acapulco typology of agenda-setting: Focus on Montenegro, Serbia and FYROM revisited” (čiderova, Fejesova & Kovačevic, 2015) interactive matrix of the Acapulco typology of agenda-setting was stretched to the context of the European Union external relations (namely, macro-regional strategies of the European Union and regional cooperation initiatives) and enlargement (particularly the Western Balkans). Fulfillment of t...

The prevention of a terrorism in the frame of civil and environmental protection getting to be more important within the last decade. Ongoing intensive industrial development and production of chemical substances provides new opportunities and tools to modern terrorist groups, which may represent the major threats to the citizens and the environment. Common - industrially produced - chemicals, which are classified as toxic or highly toxic, can be quite easily abused (in the forms of improvised chemical weapons) fo...

The main research question in this paper refers to top-down Europeanization of subnational government levels, in the context of implementing the open government policies. In the last few decades, democratic deficit and growing passivization of citizens in political life keep denoting the European countries. Therefore, it seemed important to explore all options for increasing democratic legitimacy of the public authorities' actions and decisions. This paper is focused on citizens' participation in public life on su...

The aim of the paper is to motivate the Government and local authorities to manage and plan the development of urban communities in the next 5 – 10 years through public policies. Globalization, as an external factor accelerated the movement of population towards great cities and developed countries several times. Nowadays, ¾ of European population live in cities. This tells us that these kinds of movements are a result of human instinct in search for a better life. The city offers better living and working cond...

Transparency is considered as one of the key features of good governance and an essential prerequisite for accountability. In simplified terms, transparency means openness of the system, clear processes and procedures and easy access to public information. By doing so, it is contributing to ethical awareness in public service by information sharing, which ultimately ensures accountability for the performance of the individuals and organizations handling resources or holding public office' (Suk Kim et al 2005: 649)...

Creation of Common foreign security policy is determined by many factors. The aim of this paper is to analyze and recognize the populist tendencies in foreign policy making. Foreign policy is one of the most important policies of countries. After the Lisbon Treaty there were the biggest changes in the competences of foreign policy. The main objective of the policy is to keep peace around the world. The process of creation in the policy is difficult because of the member states status. Populism is notable in this c...

Vatican diplomacy will play important role in international relations, where is a significant source as a soft power. As follows from casustics herein, the Pope might be a great mediator in some stages of conflicts. However, we have to take into consideration some limitations. The Pope's power is not equally all over the world due to particular religion strength. If we are talking about Vatican diplomacy, it is necessary to define, what it is. Unfortunately, differences between Vatican City State and the Holy See ...

The right of intellectual property in all its complexity can be characterized nowadays as „the most universal law subject field, developed enough scientifically and systematized adequately.“ [1] The significance of the right of intellectual property as the law branch, is currently becoming more popular worldwide. The protection of the right of intellectual property in the condition of Slovak Republic, comes out of the basic legal enactment, that is Constitutional Act of Slovak National Concil no. 460/1992 of t...

The paper introduces the preliminary findings of the project that explores current state of affairs regarding national legislations and relevant agencies' activities with respect to investigating the child sexual abuse as a crime and combating it. The goal of the research is to map basic fields where countries might face challenges regarding the criminalization of child sexual abuse within the circle of trust and draft preliminary recommendations to enforce international activities to prevent the crime under study...

Crowdinvesting is a recently emerged business practice recognised as an alternative method of raising risk capital in the early stage financing of start-ups and small enterprises. It involves a collection of relatively small amounts of money contributions from a general public, via platform operator. In return, investors acquire equity or debt financial instruments issued either by project holder seeking finance (direct crowdinvesting) or a special purpose vehicle established by the platform operator or a third pa...

Reception of Roman law, which, in the High Middle Ages hit the legal environment of almost the entire Europe, had also imminently influenced the development of law in the Czech lands. Aside from Canon law, which often used Roman law terms in documents, the issue of reception of Roman law in the Czech lands was closely connected mainly with the medieval cities which, thanks to their market-economy nature, were very close to the economic and social structure of Ancient Rome. There were many Czech towns that followed...

Declaration of necessity to improve the level of data protection in all spheres of European Union (EU) policy under the Stockholm program was the impetus for European Commission to start the data protection reform in EU, particularly paying more attention for data protection regulation in the investigation and prosecution of crime. On the other hand, Council conclusions on the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 including the creation of a European Forensic Science Area and the development of forensic scienc...

Expropriation is a traditional and generally accepted way of property acquisition for the public benefit. In the Czech Republic, it is most often used for roads and energy infrastructure. It has recently been a favored tool for implementing measures to improve the environment and protect against natural disasters. Investors typically need several years to purchase or expropriate all the land required. This slows down the construction process. Every year of delay means a cost increase of approximately 5 %. My paper...

State aid for rescue and restructuring of companies in difficulty causes a significant distortion of market competition. Financed by taxpayers'money and in a sensitive era of EU economy getting back at its feet, state aid to companies facing difficulties called for additional ex ante control and filters to be applied. Thus, the European Commission introduced new Guidelines looking into more strict assessments of cases where rescue or restructuring aid is awarded. In addition, the burden must be shared between the ...

In the process of interaction of the legal systems of the present it is necessary to take into account the processes of globalization that take place. At the same time, one should not miss that the principles of universalization and pluralization, which dictate the necessity of clear idea of the specific character of each culture as well as their deep commonness, should be assumed as a basis of interaction of the legal systems.

The author argues that liberal ideology arose out of Christian concept of man. But in the 20th century, Western European liberalism underwent essential changes. It gave up on the “divine authority” and became more pragmatic. †The Universal Declaration of Human Rights', adopted by the United Nations, in contradistinction to the American †Bill of Rights', does not rest on the claim of the “inalienable rights of man”, which have been endowed by his Creator, but only on the possibility of a consensus betwe...

This article aims to call attention to the dangers of the heteronomous concept of morality in a situation of growing institutionalization of human activities, and justify the need for the autonomous concept of morality. Morality is defined as an important form of social discipline, without which no society can do. The heteronomous conception of morality represents the basis for the utilitarian approach to ethics. The article promotes the idea of necessary connection with the utilitarian approach to ethics and deon...

This paper critically analyses the theory of French philosopher, sociologist, and literary theorist J. F. Lyotard. Jean-Francois Lyotard remains best known for his 1979 study La Condition postmoderne. Lyotard's central concern in the text, the crisis of legitimation, comes to define the postmodern condition. His declared war on "grand narratives" initiates a critical reappraisal of knowledge, aesthetics, and politics in a post-Enlightenment era. Postmodernism, as described by Lyotard, involves a challenge to unive...

Every culture exists and develops in imaginary spaces and real places. As rule these places are always incorporated into ethnic culture and history. Their formation goes along with the formation of the society they belong to. But there is also a type of places that represents by itself an inversion where different spaces or places are mixed together. These places were called heterotopia by French scholar M. Foucault. Some of them represent Utopia and others – Dystopia or Anti-utopia. There are no traditional rel...

The following essay deals with the relation between Jan Patočka's approach to the meaning of life and things and his thoughts on art. First, we point to Patočka's concept of the †shakiness' of accepted or putatively secure meaning. This shakiness, which ensues from an explicit relation to being, enables new perspective to one to conceive true meaning not as obvious or definitive and secured, but as meaning that consists in the †seeking of being', which both enables every conceivable meaning and then shakes i...

The aim of the research is in conceptual analysis of the problem concerning cultural security in Russian discourse. The main task is to systematize in terms of comparative analysis of close terminology in English and Russian scientific discourses (“cultural safety”, “cultural security”, “safety of culture” “культурная безопасность” [“kulturnaya bezopasnost”], “безопасность культуры” [“bezopasnost cultury”], and “культура безопас...

Some principles of the Christian ethics, that are included in the traditional cardinal virtues, have their assertions also in the marital relationships. These are created by concrete person, who has the obligation, to according to his possibilities, present the values, which will benefit not only him, but also the other members of the community. The study, by deductive method, applies the cardinal virtues – justness, tameness, moral power and deliberateness – to the life of marital partners, who try to impleme...

Current research of neuroscientists about the processing of the signals captured from our eyes show that our perception of images occurs in a segmented way into our brain. This paper proposes some implications of this fact in the relationship between drawing and our visual perception. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods.

The discourse of the city as a conceptual structure is the state of its legibility. In the most basic sense the phenomenon of †legibility' is related with the citizens' or/and visitors' perception and interpretation the city. In this context, any kind of perspective set out to understand the city has the potential to turn into an urban reading method that centralizes different interpretations. By resolving the complex structure of the city, each historical formation can be called as a †layer'. It can be realiz...

The appearance of the social media has led the mankind to a new era of social development and social relations, when the exchange and the production of information has become the major human activity. The present article studies the development of Twitter as a cultural phenomenon in Russia and in Great Britain, thus showing that the digital age of social media has enabled cross-cultural communication to become mass scale, supranational and global. Social networks as well as blogging systems involve a person not on...

The objective of this research is identification, studying and analysis of the most often used methods of creation patterns on a surface and in face cuts of blanks and pre-fusions. This paper for the first time presents classification of the methods described above by a number of signs: by a receiving way, by character of the location of a pattern and by the character of glass melt flow. Also in this work three various ways of creation so-called “chaotic pattern” on a front surface and in a volume of a blank o...

This article is devoted to the study of communication in behavioural practices Tungus in Northern Siberia. The main results of the study of traditional and modern etiquette; special attention is paid to communication issues of intercultural dialogue. Keywords: ethnography of communication, symbolic anthropology, Northern Tungus, cultural codes, traditional etiquette, behavioral culture, the Person and Nature, valuable orientations, models of social interaction. In this article I would like to highlight the communi...

The increasing mobility of people, the improvement of the mass travel as well as the accommodation and recreational infrastructure development facilitate the tourism activities, and implicitly encourage visiting the Holy Places. Often, the offers of travel agencies neglect the intrinsic aspects of a genuine pilgrimage: the spiritual aspects, the proposal of a faith itinerary and the conservation of sacred aspects into the pilgrimage to the Holy Places. This confusion and the lack of involvement on the part of the ...

Sustainability is becoming a standard in European architecture. To achieve higher energy efficiency it is necessary to use specific solutions in the field of HVAC, construction, used materials but also in the field of architectural design. Impact of those architectural solutions on the appearance of buildings is significant. The article treats the topic based on the research on zero- and plus-energy buildings completed in Europe in recent years.

Wroclaw University of Technology (WrUT) is one of the largest universities in Poland. In 2014 its authorities have announced a competition for the architectural concept of the new campus located on post-industrial areas. The article describes the project - the ef-fect of the work of architects from the Faculty of Architecture in WrUT. The project – related to sustainable development - is an attempt to express by architec-tural forms the university mission defined in its statute - innovation, interaction, imple-m...

Since the 1980's, and in Poland two decades later, cities have been subjected to a continuous and dynamic transformation. The city spaces have become places of global capital flow acceleration, and in the market-based economy they have been turned into a commodity. This situation has led to the feeling of powerlessness and lack of any visions for cities that would reach far into the future. With the impetuous and uncontrolled development of cities – growth combined with increased density, and shrinking and disap...

The aim of the research has been to examine correlations and discrepancies between music education and major developmental trends in cultural and artistic production (music and multimedia) in Slovakia in the 21st century. Regarding its methodology, the research has been based on the methods of qualitative paradigms (analytical-synthetic, interpretative and comparative). Available results and statistical data of the quantitative research have been also used. The article argues that music education in Slovakia can b...

The article analyzes the views of Russian literary and theatrical critic, theologian and priest Sergei Durylin on opera theater in connection with the ideas of new mythogenesis and mystery (religious and synthetic art), which were popular in the early 20th century, especially in Russia. The method of presentation corresponds to the method of research and offers a synthesis of methods of art criticism, philosophy of art, philosophy of myth and religion, as well as history of culture, all of which are presented in t...

Formal language of contemporary architecture is constantly changing. For years, one can observe embedding trends in which the form of a building is not the result of construction requirements and functional expectations but it precedes them and acts as a declaration of designer's creativity and artistic attitude and as a promise of how designed space should affect its users. Formal procedures derived from a variety of architectural styles and eras are used simultaneously (often in the same facilities). However it ...