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The article demonstrates the application of phenomenological description method to describe the architectural space of Saint Petersburg Empire period. The style originating in the French architects designs in the late nineteenth century was fully embodied in St. Petersburg, thus creating the image of a perfect capital. The style involves a particular vision of space, that can be perceived only from a supervisor’s perspective, creating a panoramic view, combining planimetric images with perspective ones, implementi...

The purpose of the article is to consider the directions of notion transformation of safety in conditions of the modern world. The concept of turbulent society is offered, where, by means of the term turbulence, two most characteristic features of this society – unpredictability and fluidity are emphasized. The conceptualization of turbulent society is based on theoretical resources of non-classical ontology. The reality of turbulent society is postulated through the concepts of a network and an assemblage. The ...

The paper deals with the effect of mentality on literary creation. Dialectic of interrelation between human, national and personal was treated using conventional and modern theories of philosophy (on aesthetics, epistemology, axiology), psychology of creativity, cognitive poetics and cognitive linguistics. The objective of the paper is to determine when and how mentality influences writers' artistic understanding of the reality. Research methods were based on a comparative and historical approach with elements of ...

Modern virtual space reaches the stage of saturation of perceived information. Various types of information coexist and are waiting for their intended recipient. A special place within the virtual space occupied by the various phenomena of multimedia features which are examined by experts from various fields of knowledge. Philosophical analysis media phenomena within the virtual space allows you to diagnose and analyze important trends of modern, post informational society. Modern media phenomena (computer games, ...

A significant increase in interest to the cultural heritage of the province and its regional features can be noted in today's socio-cultural space. It†s worth to notice that socio-cultural development of some regions of our country also has a considerable influence on the issue. At the moment, different ethnic groups, social groups and individuals are showing increased interest in self-identification, which is only possible when referring to their cultural heritage. The scientific novelty of this study includes ...

Apophatic theology appears in every religion. The reasons for this approach to theology, however, are different. The present text focuses on the three monotheistic religions: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. The first part is devoted to analysis of selected religions and how they develop negative theology. In Christianity we deal with Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and Master Eckhart. In Islam, we focus on the arguments submitted by Al Ghazali and Ibn Rushd. In Judaism, we focus on the idea of Maimonides and its...

The current state of society sets new trends into the development of all its spheres. This is reflected in its economic, social, political and cultural sides of the society. New trends in the development of culture emerged in the 20th century. Nowadays the visual information is getting more and more popular, and the new information and computer technologies are helping to spread it. Computer games as a part of virtual world are required a high level of visualization, which affects on human being. In our paper we i...

Among the phenomenons of postmodernism is the highlighting of experience, even exciting approach to all areas of human life. Today's people are flooded by constant repetition of the words "experience", "enjoyment", "to enjoy something" and stressing their necessity for a happy and fulfilling life. Emotionally powerful experience has begun to be considered the key criterion of live faith among many Christian communities and their members, squeezing by a new interpretation of "empirical verifiability" the truths of ...

The aim of this article is to show and critically analyse the explanation - different from traditional approaches - of the nature of mathematics with reference to the social-cultural factors. Speaking of traditional approaches, the author means the traditional approaches of philosophy of mathematics that came into being at the beginning of the 20th century, namely: logicism, intuitionism and formalism. The common feature of traditional approaches is to consider mathematics as a domain of objective knowledge, indep...

The author argues that liberal ideology arose out of Christian concept of man. But in the 20th century, Western European liberalism underwent essential changes. It gave up on the “divine authority” and became more pragmatic. †The Universal Declaration of Human Rights', adopted by the United Nations, in contradistinction to the American †Bill of Rights', does not rest on the claim of the “inalienable rights of man”, which have been endowed by his Creator, but only on the possibility of a consensus betwe...

This article aims to call attention to the dangers of the heteronomous concept of morality in a situation of growing institutionalization of human activities, and justify the need for the autonomous concept of morality. Morality is defined as an important form of social discipline, without which no society can do. The heteronomous conception of morality represents the basis for the utilitarian approach to ethics. The article promotes the idea of necessary connection with the utilitarian approach to ethics and deon...

This paper critically analyses the theory of French philosopher, sociologist, and literary theorist J. F. Lyotard. Jean-Francois Lyotard remains best known for his 1979 study La Condition postmoderne. Lyotard's central concern in the text, the crisis of legitimation, comes to define the postmodern condition. His declared war on "grand narratives" initiates a critical reappraisal of knowledge, aesthetics, and politics in a post-Enlightenment era. Postmodernism, as described by Lyotard, involves a challenge to unive...

Every culture exists and develops in imaginary spaces and real places. As rule these places are always incorporated into ethnic culture and history. Their formation goes along with the formation of the society they belong to. But there is also a type of places that represents by itself an inversion where different spaces or places are mixed together. These places were called heterotopia by French scholar M. Foucault. Some of them represent Utopia and others – Dystopia or Anti-utopia. There are no traditional rel...

The following essay deals with the relation between Jan Patočka's approach to the meaning of life and things and his thoughts on art. First, we point to Patočka's concept of the †shakiness' of accepted or putatively secure meaning. This shakiness, which ensues from an explicit relation to being, enables new perspective to one to conceive true meaning not as obvious or definitive and secured, but as meaning that consists in the †seeking of being', which both enables every conceivable meaning and then shakes i...

The aim of the research is in conceptual analysis of the problem concerning cultural security in Russian discourse. The main task is to systematize in terms of comparative analysis of close terminology in English and Russian scientific discourses (“cultural safety”, “cultural security”, “safety of culture” “культурная безопасность” [“kulturnaya bezopasnost”], “безопасность культуры” [“bezopasnost cultury”], and “культура безопас...

Some principles of the Christian ethics, that are included in the traditional cardinal virtues, have their assertions also in the marital relationships. These are created by concrete person, who has the obligation, to according to his possibilities, present the values, which will benefit not only him, but also the other members of the community. The study, by deductive method, applies the cardinal virtues – justness, tameness, moral power and deliberateness – to the life of marital partners, who try to impleme...

Current research of neuroscientists about the processing of the signals captured from our eyes show that our perception of images occurs in a segmented way into our brain. This paper proposes some implications of this fact in the relationship between drawing and our visual perception. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods.

Never before was sociocultural communication as complex as it is these days. Natural character of man represented by his sociability, on the one hand, and curiousity, which make him explore and want to see and understand what is there beyond any border, on the other hand, intertwines with the deconstruction of original physical limitations and great time-space compression of our time. This creates a major common platform (and particular platforms) where plentiful and diverse cultures and their representatives meet...

The paper presents heuristic potential and philosophical interpretation of the concept of “ontological security”, developed in sociology of A. Giddens. This concept is important for understanding gaining security of the individual in risk, liquid and turbulent environment of modern society. Giddens' theory shows how transformations of classical modernity on the way to late modernity (postmodern or radicalized modernity) make social world unpredictable and unstable and change the relationship between time and s...

Each of issues of loneliness and sociality is widely analyzed nowadays. The aim of the paper is to analise them as antithetical or mutually influenced and overlapping poles of human being and existence, i.e. as phenomena of philosophical anthropology. Seeking answers on atributive character (or denying it) of sociality and loneliness is alaborated within essentialist and existentialist methodological approaches. Despite of the mostly accepted viewpoit on definiton of man as social being within essentialist approac...

In the article the problem of definition of extremism and theoretical interpretation of its essence is observed. Modern theoretical extremism researches are characterized by a remarkable variety of methodological approaches and concepts. The attempt to classify them just in the group around the problem of radicalization of social and political movements into violent extremism might result in enumeration of several dozens of sociological and other social theories. Whereby, the notion of extremism maintains its conc...

Naturalism is a view that everything that exists is Nature. There doesn't exist any other reality, apart from the natural one. Naturalists require that all phenomena be expressed taking into account only their natural causes. Natural causes are the ones that are accessible for scientific cognition. Science (physics) tries to describe this reality basing on observation and experiment as a foundation for creating theoretical constructs (theories) pertaining to natural phenomena. Mark Steiner, in his book entitled Th...

The paper is devoted to the explication of the inner mechanism of the teleological method in its relation to values as the principle of historical cognition as it is presented in H. Rickert's philosophy. The problem of the principles and methods of historical cognition is extremely important for contemporary philosophy as its crucial points concern not only basic grounds of historical cognition itself but also the very being of Mankind. One can see that nowadays among historians and philosophers there is not commo...

The purpose of the article is to consider the possibility of using the notion “refraction” in the research of literary translation as a kind of intercultural communication. The author introduces this notion in philosophy of translation in reference with the notion “typological dominant of text”, which is defined as the essential property of a text differentiating it from other types of texts. The typological dominant of literary texts is named “poeticity”. The notion “refraction” is used metaphoric...

Frontier interethnic relations take different forms due to many factors defined by a peculiar frontier stage or a phase. There are three frontier stages that differ from each other. They are early frontier, active frontier and postfrontier. One of the markers that can help to mark out a concrete stage of it is a role of interethnic gender relations. They can be presented in various forms, mainly through such terms as acceptance, negation and as a norm. On the early frontier the interethnic marriage is acceptable a...

The paper aims to analyse Leo Tolstoy†s and Fyodor Dostoyevsky's versions of Christian worldview and their impact on both the main streams of Russian religious philosophy and the Western philosophy. Both writers denied two essential ideas of orthodox Christianity: the idea of the radical sinfulness of man and the opposition of the earthly world and the transcendental, divine world (Paradise). In the opinion of Dostoyevsky, Jesus expresses the ideal of the individual human perfection, performed in earthly life; e...

The paper examines the problem of relations between philosophy and authorities in Russia. On several examples its authors demonstrate that prohibition is a universal strategy used by authorities when they have to deal with certain philosophers, or the whole philosophical schools, or even philosophy itself. When the authorities impose a ban on some cultural processes or elements of culture it results in rearrangement of unprohibited elements of culture and profound changes in general. In the introduction we discuss...

The methodology of modern cognitive linguistics faces the urgent question of symbolic means aimed at expressing the knowledge, which is not used directly in specific acts of communication, but still plays an important role in the life of the ethno-cultural community. The article considers a symbol as one of such means, as a linguo-philosophic category that serves to correlate the significant with the designatum, the inner meaning with its external form, the individual with the universal. The aim of research is to ...

The history of happiness in the European Enlightenment is well researched and studied. In eighteenth-century Russia the problem of happiness was also one of the central philosophical issues of the time, as were questions about the meaning of human life and human nature. Nevertheless, the concept of Russian happiness was on the periphery of humanitarian thought. This paper deals with philosophical aspects of happiness presented in eighteenth-century Russian literature; the main goal of the article is to identify th...

The paper analyses the background LotzeВґs philosophy, which influenced the definition of the value. Lotze is primarily the eclectic. He is inspirited by Hegel, Kant, Leibniz but by romanticism and realism. He uses the methodology of philosophy, history, medicine, but also psychology. The results of his eclecticism are so diverse, that after him there was no school of followers. Lotze has not commented, what is the nature of value. Therefore, we do not find the definition of value in the form of the thesis in a pa...

This article aims to clarify and emphasize the importance of general and essential characteristics that constitute the definition of man in philosophical anthropology. The methodology used is based on the tradition of the essential approach in the conception of man, and it is associated with a consistent application of a holistic approach. The question †What is man?' and the associated definition is not the issue of the individual existence; it is an attempt to find common characteristics of humans. The holistic...

Mircea Eliade's ideas developed in the scientific and literary works had considerable influence over the past century, both among historians of religions, imposing the discipline that he promoted in many prestigious universities from America and from around the world, and among other researchers in related fields of the history of religions. The question today is about what is left of Eliade's work after a careful analysis according to the grids of thought of our century. The question that has not yet found a defi...

A person who can be, in fact, indifferent to the values is often termed as to be tolerant. In contrast, Thomas Aquinas was on the opinion that every moral act, including the act of tolerance, rises from virtuous dispositions, and thus from internalized values. The aim of this paper is to discover and emphasize the importance of the thesis about the connection of virtues for proper understanding of the concept of tolerance in Thomas Aquinas. All virtues are connected on the natural plane in the prudence and through...

This paper critically analyses the theory of a world-renowned French philosopher, urbanist, and cultural theorist Paul Virilio. In this text, the focal point for Virilio is the character and condition of picnolepsy. What is picnolepsy? How has it been produced, arranged, and used over the centuries in human cultures? Virilio's book The Aesthetics of Disappearance is thus a book about how ancient, modern, and postmodern human cultures behave toward perceptual stability and breaks, photography, technology, conscious...

I would like to present some ideas regarding historical process: its nature and principles. I will start with the idea of eternal return of Heraclitus (c. 535 – c. 475 BCE) and his „Ever-newer waters flow on those who step into the same rivers” thought. From his conception of cyclical historical process drew Oswald Spengler (1880-1936), who devoted his doctoral dissertation to philosophy of this Ionian thinker. I will discuss extensively Spengler conviction about the collapse of Western civilization which wa...

The ecstasys of creation has been among the main concerns of the great Russian philosopher. Therefore, in his opinion, creation refers to giving great benefit to mankind. The genius is the one providing the creation force/creativity, while holiness and asceticism turn off the creation power. This study shows why Berdyaev is describing the two concepts in antithesys, thus being outside of Orthodox theology notion of holiness. Berdyaev identifies the isolation and inner consumption of the ascetic with an impoverishm...

Heidegger, responding to the various issues that are existential for the human beings, also addresses to the philosophy of religion. Our paper is a brief assessment of Heidegger's text Phenomenology and Theology. We believe that Heidegger before rebounding relatively adequately characterized the relationship between philosophy and theology as disciplines of clear cognition and knowledge. He seeks to describe the relationship between philosophy and theology in original way, his solution retains the hallmark of orig...

The societies in the South-East European area are dominated by relations that have acquired specific tones: Sacred and secular, orality and writing, rural and urban, tradition and modernity. The deciphering of the respective tones can be realized based on the analysis of the mentality flow, mentalities being neither just “prisons of long duration” in the sense of forces preventing progress over long periods of time (Fernand Braudel), nor just a “philosophical way” of approaching the perceptible reality (Ro...

Article studies the influence of corporate ethics of a state-owned company on the stability of its operations, management and growth of business. The authors discuss the cost-based approach to the formation of corporate culture and values. As a result of research, authors found that the process of value creation includes business planning, corporate law, a system of tangible and intangible compensation, and corporate culture (conduct and ethics).

The paper issue is theoretical and methodological basis of studies in suicide terrorism motivation and rationality, legitimized by radical Islam. Two methodological ideas are identified as dominant and defining paradigmal features of Western researches of suicide terrorism - the concept of rational actor and multi-causal approach. Concept of rational actor in most cases is interpreted through the sociological point of view: it takes into account a social group, not an individual. When individual motivation is view...

Style is a fundamental category of aesthetics and the study of art: it is easily defined but hardly lends itself to theoretical research. Alexey Losev (1893–1988), a Russian philologist, philosopher and musicologist, presented some examples of the most comprehensive consideration of style as an aesthetic category within the broadest notional context in his main work on this topic “The Theory of Art Style.” However, Losev's idea about an aspect of style that is not divided by any components requires some spec...

The paper deals with the epistemological topic of rationality. Are there any general principles of rationality? How is the concept of common sense connected to rationality and scientific cognition? The aim of this article is to answer these questions. Firstly, the author defines the main principles of rationality. We distinguish two main groups of such principles: the principles concerning the system of beliefs and the principles concerning inferential mechanisms. The members of the first group are for instance on...

Paper is based on the understanding of globalization as a complex phenomenon and focuses on detecting of cultural contours of globalization process. Globalization is studied today in many contexts: global civilization and its risks in current stage of historical development, pitfalls of multiculturalism, cultural plurality and cultural difference both as set of values, nature of the differences among cultures, their influence on international relations and on addressing of global problems, global cultural gap, cul...

The existence of a philosophy in Christianity was regarded as unfounded even by some of the writers of the first Christian centuries. More precisely, the idea presented in some patristic texts was that the Logos the Greeks had been looking for became incarnate and proved His truthfulness to the people. Even though the Greek philosophy may be regarded as a gift from God, namely as a manifestation of the eternal Logos - which manifestation gained a philosophic expression through Heraclitus and Plato - Christianity h...

In the center of our attention is the Slovak cultural tradition in the period of post-modernism, focused on some selected issues associated with the imaging of the human body in the visual arts. The Slovak culture in the postmodern context takes the elements characteristic for the whole postmodernism : unifying world views fall apart and individual, group or regional perspectives are preferred; universalism (the ideas on universal human values and theories) is being desintegrated; logocentrism as well as the belie...

John Dewey (1859-1952) was an American pragmatist under the influence of Charles Darwin's evolutionism. In 1934 he published his aesthetic summa Art as Experience. In the book he promoted a new approach to art and introduced understanding of it as an indispensable part of human life in the contrast to regarding art as an exclusive activity reserved for the chosen. Art for Art's Sake slogan was something he found harmful and openly criticized. For Dewey art is born out of daily experiences of a human being interact...

This article examines theoretical background of interreligious dialogue from the perspective of “the kingdom message” that is to be understood, either explicitly or implicitly, the core reference point of all Christian philosophy and theology. The main objective of the article is to point out the significance of hermeneutics of “the kingdom message” for interreligious dialogue. The question “What is the relevance of the kingdom message to the interreligious dialogue today?” may be, therefore, considere...

Even at the dawn of human civilization, there was a cult of death, which depending on the worldview of a people, called and represented death differently. With the appearance of religion this phenomenon was interpreted with theological positions. Dispute about the nature of death and its meaning as philosophers and thinkers. The phenomenon of "death" was depicted in the literature, arts, theater, cinema. The death is depicted in recently appeared japan cultural phenomenon of anime. In this paper we consider the ph...

Due to the end of a stage of formation and a bioethics institutionalization in Russia and need of a philosophical and methodological reflection of this phenomenon for the general course of world researches of a bioethical perspective and practice of permission of the difficult equations "eras of biotechnologies", the explication of interrelation of "eternal" problems of freedom and responsibility, sense of life and the immortality, comprehended by the Russian "ethics of life", and "biotechnological decisions", fun...

The intention of this paper is to bring the possibility of escaping from the time according to Mircea Eliade. It aims to bring options how the archaic man trying to escape from the profane time to sacred time. At the same time we try to apply knowledge about the escaping from the time and for today's man and reflect them in the light of postmodernism. Through selected examples from the arts and the media we would point out escape time in postmodernism and its relevance for humans. Possibility of escaping from time...