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PRINCIPLES OF RATIONALITY
Abstract
The paper deals with the epistemological topic of rationality. Are there any general principles of rationality? How is the concept of common sense connected to rationality and scientific cognition? The aim of this article is to answer these questions. Firstly, the author defines the main principles of rationality. We distinguish two main groups of such principles: the principles concerning the system of beliefs and the principles concerning inferential mechanisms. The members of the first group are for instance ontological realism precondition, confidence in the empirical evidence, confidence in accepted cognitive frame, the ability to negate beliefs, causality supposition, which will be analyzed in more detail, and so on. In particular, we analyze and classify the fallacies from the causality supposition. As it is concerned inferential mechanisms, we make a distinction between concept inference and propositional inference. Concept inference concerns deriving new concepts from well-known ones, and propositional inference concerns deriving new propositions from some set of propositions. The respective methods of concept inference are introduced with concrete examples. The methods of proposition inference are well known induction, deduction, and analogy. Finally, we describe the relation between the common sense, principles of rationality and the scientific cognition. The common sense is considered as the prerequisite for scientific cognition.
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