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This article describes the possible causes of low strength magnesia binder, mixing an aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate. The results of X-ray diffraction are shown.

The purpose of this article is to present spatial and functional transformations undergoing in the structure of Wieliczka town and its surroundings. Wieliczka is an important medieval town with rich historical heritage. The Salt Mine, which is on the list of the World Unesco Heritage, is its main tourist attraction. Wieliczka is situated in Krakow metropolitan area and despite having its own administration is heavily under Krakow's influence. Transformations of its functional and spatial structure concern two sphe...

Informed user can briefly be defined as the fictive person who is to assess an industrial design's distinctive/individual character when it is a subject matter in law cases, where the protection conditions of a registered industrial design are to bear novelty and to have distinctive/individual character. Further, it is a point of view which is supposed to be adopted while assessing the designs in such cases. It is possible to state that “informed user”, either as a notion or as a means of assessment, can be ac...

Even though the term 'Parametric' originates from mathematics and refers to the use of certain parameters or variables that can be edited to manipulate or alter the end result of an equation or system, by a quick search through internet it is known that the parametric architectural design is a process based on algorithmic thinking that enables the expression of parameters and rules together to define and to encode and finally to clarify the relationship between architectural design intent and architectural design ...

The article deals with the possibility of energy-saving manufacturing of the construction magnesium oxychloride cements increase by addition of intensifier additives in furnace charge. The mechanism of additives effect, and also dependence of their action efficiency according to the chemical nature of substances are considered.

The discourse of the city as a conceptual structure is the state of its legibility. In the most basic sense the phenomenon of †legibility' is related with the citizens' or/and visitors' perception and interpretation the city. In this context, any kind of perspective set out to understand the city has the potential to turn into an urban reading method that centralizes different interpretations. By resolving the complex structure of the city, each historical formation can be called as a †layer'. It can be realiz...

The objective of this research is identification, studying and analysis of the most often used methods of creation patterns on a surface and in face cuts of blanks and pre-fusions. This paper for the first time presents classification of the methods described above by a number of signs: by a receiving way, by character of the location of a pattern and by the character of glass melt flow. Also in this work three various ways of creation so-called “chaotic pattern” on a front surface and in a volume of a blank o...

Sustainability is becoming a standard in European architecture. To achieve higher energy efficiency it is necessary to use specific solutions in the field of HVAC, construction, used materials but also in the field of architectural design. Impact of those architectural solutions on the appearance of buildings is significant. The article treats the topic based on the research on zero- and plus-energy buildings completed in Europe in recent years.

Wroclaw University of Technology (WrUT) is one of the largest universities in Poland. In 2014 its authorities have announced a competition for the architectural concept of the new campus located on post-industrial areas. The article describes the project - the ef-fect of the work of architects from the Faculty of Architecture in WrUT. The project – related to sustainable development - is an attempt to express by architec-tural forms the university mission defined in its statute - innovation, interaction, imple-m...

Since the 1980's, and in Poland two decades later, cities have been subjected to a continuous and dynamic transformation. The city spaces have become places of global capital flow acceleration, and in the market-based economy they have been turned into a commodity. This situation has led to the feeling of powerlessness and lack of any visions for cities that would reach far into the future. With the impetuous and uncontrolled development of cities – growth combined with increased density, and shrinking and disap...

The aim of the research has been to examine correlations and discrepancies between music education and major developmental trends in cultural and artistic production (music and multimedia) in Slovakia in the 21st century. Regarding its methodology, the research has been based on the methods of qualitative paradigms (analytical-synthetic, interpretative and comparative). Available results and statistical data of the quantitative research have been also used. The article argues that music education in Slovakia can b...

The article analyzes the views of Russian literary and theatrical critic, theologian and priest Sergei Durylin on opera theater in connection with the ideas of new mythogenesis and mystery (religious and synthetic art), which were popular in the early 20th century, especially in Russia. The method of presentation corresponds to the method of research and offers a synthesis of methods of art criticism, philosophy of art, philosophy of myth and religion, as well as history of culture, all of which are presented in t...

Formal language of contemporary architecture is constantly changing. For years, one can observe embedding trends in which the form of a building is not the result of construction requirements and functional expectations but it precedes them and acts as a declaration of designer's creativity and artistic attitude and as a promise of how designed space should affect its users. Formal procedures derived from a variety of architectural styles and eras are used simultaneously (often in the same facilities). However it ...

Article is devoted to the history one of the first Ural medical institution - Demidovsky factory hospital that is situated in Nizhni Tagil city, Sverdlovsk region, Russian Federation. This hospital was built in 1825 and it is an interesting example of a classicism style. Authors consider architectural and planning decisions made by A.P. Chebotaryov and other architects during its existence, reconstruction questions, administrative questions and today condition of hospital. During reconstruction the 120 beds hospit...

At present, immeasurably increased the role of education of young generation in the spirit of humanistic ideas, tolerance, the perception of the news, the formation of inno-vative thinking in the social and educational environment for solving the global chal-lenges of the reality reorganization. One of the possible solution ways to such important tasks are presented to the public means of emotional education through music education. We analyzed the results of a study to extract the sound timbre students and teache...

Headed perhaps by a personal passion of the zodiac, and also influenced by the opening science to space exploration and the recent conquest of the moon, the American composer George Crumb (b.1929) proposed in the early 70s a series of authentic pieces for piano grouped under the generic name of Makrokosmos. This series of works is a thorough exploration of multiple possibilities of the piano expression. Composer's intention was to write a encompassing work using all the techniques imaginable for this instrument. I...

Although streets are empty spaces, they have a strong effect on one's perception of the city. They work as a key reference in space and time that influence people's mental map and facilitate their orientation. Not only they may carry footprints of past civilizations, but also they provide a place for public activities, whether cultural or functional. This paper tries to search for the role of streets and its representation in the old town of Nablus, Palestine. It aims at understanding their role in keeping peopleВ...

The paper concerns theory and practice of architectural design with the focus on actual interpretation of critical regionalism intertwined with elements of bioclimatic strategies. The aim of the paper is to analyse the relationship between indigenous cultural heritage, theory of architecture and contemporary building project. These interacting elements are presented in the light of the complex process of architectural education. The paper explains how modern architectural design should be based on the balance betw...

The Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (JPCPs) can resist high traffic demands without invasive maintenance interventions that produce delays, discomfort and even can affect users safety. However, sealing the joints of JPCPs and keeping them sealed for 10 years, costing up to 45% more than the Unsealed Joints (UnJs). As in addition the joint seals are not working well enough there is an increasing interest to eliminate them. The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) has reported savings of 6,000,000 US dol...

The current pace of urbanization is so rapid that, as of the moment of the writing of this article, more than half of the world's population lives in cities. This causes the eyes of many researchers from many different fields to focus on them. This essay illustrates the relations that shape the influence of technology, architecture, ecology and society on the functioning of and the form that cities take. The technical death of many buildings and structures, which have until recently met the expectations of the inh...

The recent tendency to redefine architecture and its role on the social function of space is awaiting for its reflections in the architectural design studio practice to be included in the grounds of the future architects' design know how. This paper explores this attempt in a design studio case conducted at Gazi University, Department of Architecture, the topic of which was a secondary school design. Throughout the semester the students sought for ways to make a school building and its surrounding site an integral...

Play is an activity of paramount importance to the child's development; hence it is crucial to have spaces created especially for this purpose. It is visible that, currently, this concern is taken into account as there are numerous children's play areas. A question is raised though, regarding the involvement of children in the process of creating these spaces: are their preferences taken into account when creating these spaces for them to relish? In order to answer this question during the ongoing research, it bec...

The history of the development of cities teaches us that changes to the structure and the model of a city and its constituent parts occur in a process of evolution. This ceaseless process is stimulated by the development of industry and the growth of the economy, inducing social changes that generate new needs and expectations. The process of the evolution of an urban organism is irreversible and its only stable trait is the increasing pace at which the changes take place. The introduction of new spatial structure...

There are a lot of structural mechanics' problems which associated with buildings working under dynamic loading conditions; many existing methods of the solution of dynamic tasks consider a simplified model of a real building. Normally internal friction is not considered. Number of degrees of freedom is limited. Exitation forces are simulated simplistically: system's response to a single (usually instant) impulse is investigated, more complex loadings (groups of impulses) are being studied for a single-degree-of-f...

Nowadays password 'sustainable development', for all the validity of the idea became fashionable slogan, because its actual, highly demanding requirements imposed are often impossible to apply from day to day in economic, technological and legal context of a particular country. Responsive architecture is the first step towards sustainable design, when the architect takes into account the status quo and makes decisions on basis of the analysis of current, available technological possibilities and financial capabili...

Considering the user's importance during the creation process in design and the fact that we live in a society where diversity reigns, in order to have a greater guarantee of success in a project, it is imperative to use a participatory methodology. However, when those users are children under school age it is necessary to pay special attention to possible necessary adjustments, especially from the point of view of communication. It is intended to build a communication code focused on child audience so that it can...

A main concern of contemporary cities in developed countries is to provide an urban environment that encourages non-motorized transport. However, depending on the socio-cultural background of the city under study, specific parameters may demand to be considered. This paper tackles the study and assessment of the environmental qualities of Taipei city urban environment from the point of view of its walkability. The examination of the potentials of urban ambiances in Taipei city and the sensory stimuli they provide,...

Although the studio based learning in architectural education is founded on the interaction between the tutor and the design student, there are few studies on the means and methods to facilitate this interaction. The well-known methods are one to one and public tutorials and from the tutors' side, all function for articulating what they think is important for the effective development of the student project. Within the specific system of limited guidance in the final semester design studio at Gazi University, Depa...

The environmental factors directly affect the persons' perception, comfort, and concentration in working environments. Accordingly, in home office environments, room settings can enhance the preference of the working environment. With this in mind, differently designed home office environments, were assumed to influence the perceptual performance of design students. To verify this hypothesis, six different home office room pictures, were tested by eliciting responses to seven bipolar semantic differential items on...

The rapid development of metropolises is pushing the prices of real estate higher and higher, as areas closer to their centers become more attractive to real-estate developers for the purposes of constructing high quality office and residential complexes. The inhabitants of these areas who are not wealthy enough to purchase a larger dwelling and for whatever reason choose to remain in them, are forced to inhabit smaller and smaller residences and apartments. The article attempts to examine the phenomenon of micro-...

There had been some researches made related with the effects of the physical settings within the offices on the behavior of the employees by now. This paper has been trying to carry this topic one step further by researching the effects of the physical settings within the offices on the motivation of the employees by considering the motivation theories existing in the literature. To be able to increase the awareness; case studies are used in addition to the literature to be able to reveal the real life experiences...

The principles of harmonization of sound and visual components in multimedia advertizing are considered. Five main indicators on which it is expedient to establish compliance with the subsequent harmonization are offered. The emphasis is placed on timbre characteristics of a sound component. The technique and algorithm for practical use are offered.

Among different extant written sources of Tibetan music, namely, theoretical works, notations and manuals, the “Treatise on Music” written in the thirteenth century by prominent Tibetan scholar Sa skya Paṇḍita Kun dga' rGyal mtshan (1182—1251) is the earliest and most informative one. As this work includes three chapters almost entirely dedicated to the theory of vocal music production and composition techniques (with a small part relating to musical instruments), the treatise seems to be very important ...

In the late 40. of twentieth century, there was discovered the possibility of music creation by means of electronic tools. Ten years later – during the Internationale Ferienkurse fur Neue Musik – there were held lectures of electronic music. The lectures bounced wide repercussions among the participants of meetings in Darmstadt. In the context of whole legacy and available comments of Karlheinz Stockhausen, Luigi Nono, Luciano Berio, or Gyorgy Ligeti, one can be argued that the experience in experimenting with...

The present research aims to study the works of outstanding modern conductor N. Harnoncourt during the period of the late XX c. and early XXI c. for example of productions of the opera wrote by Mozart "La Clemenza di Tito" and identify basic principles and regularities of the dynamics of the style. The methodology of the study was the comparative method, that enabled a comparative historical and cultural analysis of the phenomena of Opera art of modern time. N. Harnoncourt in his work the of Mozart's Opera "La Cle...

This article is about different Multimedia 360В° technologies and some examples, how to use of Multimedia 360В° technologies for filming of different events (theatrical performances, musical concerts, city excursions, etc.). Also described the experience of technological base of Multimedia 360В° technology, created by team of center design and multimedia (ITMO University).

The transition from Gothic to Renaissance usually explained in the canonical architectural criticism as the (re)discovery of Greco-Roman culture fostered by humanism. Faced with this traditional view, the proposed paper attempts to show that the change, rather than disciplinary, was due to the emergence of a new structure of thought. In Europe, this change entailed moving from a world and a transcendent space to another scientist, as reflected in the passage of the space/divine light of Gothic cathedrals to the sp...

The timber architecture trails of the borderlands and the inclusion of the preserved Orthodox and Catholic churches, as well as unique timber synagogues on the UNESCO World Heritage Site List has contributed to the development of cultural tourism in Poland and in the neighboring countries. Open-air museums have been established around these timber structures and their staff have started to seek new ways of advertising their exhibitions through marketing. The aim of their management is to increase the popularity of...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons why students from Hacettepe University, Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design who have been to Italy have decided to participate in the Erasmus Student Exchange Program. The methods used in the study include interviews and questionnaires conducted on the students who participated in the program. Through these methods, it was examined why the students have attended the Erasmus student exchange program; have choses Italy, and Italy's cont...

The paper presents various aspects of the process of transience in architecture: technical, functional, social and civilizational. Both the transience and the tendency to nomadism are intrinsically linked with the architecture of buildings and cities. However, the perception of these processes is largely associated with hard to define, subjective assessments.

A.V. Morozova's article deals with the development of Art criticism and Spanish Art research in Russia starting from the middle of the 19th century up to the beginning of 20th century. This problem has been little studied in research literature on historiography so far. However, the knowledge of stages and factors of this development allows us to understand better the Spanish paining itself. Morozova compares the ideas of various authors of the time under study who speculated on Spanish art of the Golden Age repre...

The existence of many cultures and religions is a fascinating phenomenon which continuously raises questions. This is an inspiring phenomenon, stimulating intellect and emotions. This is a phenomenon which reveals old conflicts as well as instills joy and hope. In the past, all religions were isolated from each other and their convergence was impossible. Today, more and more often, their authentic interest in each other can be noticed. To a higher degree than in the past, symptoms of a mutual exchange of ideas and...

As the title implies the article deals with works of Video art based on paintings of Renaissance epoch. It is spoken in detail about works of Hermine Freed, Bill Viola, the group AES+F. Much attention is given to the detailed analysis of links between paintings and their video transformations. The article shows parallels in composition, color schemes, semantic and formal transformations.

Cultural landscape is the environment where the totality of elements created by both a human and nature interact. This landscape demonstrates the development of the society over time. It testifies to the symbiosis of social, economic and cultural processes. Evidence of different historical events and of social life in various epochs, cult and memorial objects co-exist in the landscape. Historically more significant and valuable environmental elements created by a human acquire the status of a cultural monument or ...

Poland is situated in the area of cultural and religious borderland, in the sphere of Greek-Slavonic and Latin influence. In the past, mutual contacts and attempts to exchange values were limited. Both churches, Roman Catholic and Orthodox, were structures of a rather closed character. However, examples of modern churches in Poland seem to prove that these separation tendencies of both Christian churches and cultures are now being reversed, which is not only a symptom of mutual dialogue, exchange of ideas, values ...

The complementarity or harmony relations of the great works of the universal culture have been the subject of artistic analyses. Proportionality – the golden ratio – is a construction pattern that has always sparked debate, from various structures of nature to many outstanding artistic achievements that include the creation of architecture, art, music. In several works by contemporary Romanian composers, this concept of proportionality is present both in sound organization structures and in the architectonic c...

The article analyses the role of light in Russian avant-garde. Light, as the most important pictorial and expressive mean of art, is analyzed in the visual art of the beginning of the twentieth century. It is stressed that in Russian avant-garde light was revealed in a new way philosophically and technically. Much attention is given to the experiments with light undertaken by Michail Larionov, Natalya Goncharova, Vladimir Baranov-Rossine.