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GEORGE CRUMB AND THE MUSIC OF STARS: MAKROKOSMOS
Abstract
Headed perhaps by a personal passion of the zodiac, and also influenced by the opening science to space exploration and the recent conquest of the moon, the American composer George Crumb (b.1929) proposed in the early 70s a series of authentic pieces for piano grouped under the generic name of Makrokosmos. This series of works is a thorough exploration of multiple possibilities of the piano expression. Composer's intention was to write a encompassing work using all the techniques imaginable for this instrument. Implementing innovative techniques are introduced as electronic amplification or deliberate modification of piano sound. This approach achieves an openness to new piano sounds by increasing means of expression was generically named by the composer the extended piano technique.
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References11
Sonoloco, record reviews: http://home.swipnet.se/sonoloco18/mode/makrokosmos. html
George Crumb, The Oficial George Crumb Home Page „The Compositions”, Makrokosmos Volume I http://www.georgecrumb.net/comp/ makro1- p.html
George Crumb, Makrokosmos Volume I, C. F. Peters Corporation, preface, 1972.
George Crumb, Makrokosmos Volume I.
George Crumb, The Oficial George Crumb Home Page, „The Compositions”, Makrokosmos Volume I, http://www.georgecrumb.net/comp/makro1-p.html
George Crumb, The Oficial George Crumb Home Page, „The Compositions”, Makrokosmos Volume I, http:// www.georgecrumb.net/comp/makro1-p.html
Stenitz, Richard John. "George Crumb." Musical Times 119 (October 1978) 844-47: http://www.music.indiana.edu/department/theory/isaacso/t556/bibliographies/crumb. html
Harold C. Schonberg, New York, 14 November 1974, The Oficial George Crumb Home page, „The Compositions”, Makrokosmos Volume II, reviews, http://www.georgecrumb. net/comp/makro2-r.html
Robert Miller, Makrokosmos vol II, reviews, The Official George Crumb Home Page, The Compositions,: http://www.georgecrumb.net/ comp/makro2-p.html
George Crumb, Makrokosmos Volume I.
Karlheinz Stockhausen Tierkreis (Zodiac) Trio Version (1975/83): http://home.earthlink.net/~almoritz/tierkreis trioversion.htm
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