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The present paper aims to analyze the level of concentration of the electricity markets in Romania compared to that of the other European states. The purpose of this study is to check whether electricity markets in Romania are less competitive than in other European countries. The degree of concentration has been used both as a tool to analyze possible anticompetitive behaviors and to examine the effectiveness of competition policy as a whole in order to protect and facilitate competition throughout the economy. T...

The aim of this survey was to identify the hierarchy of most important aspects of what primary, secondary and high-school students, from six schools, in three Romanian cities would describe as “The School of My Dreams” (the ideal school). The methodology used was content analysis of a questionnaire with open answers written by students, along with drawings, on empty postcards. The question was: How would look like the school of your dreams? The answers were written after a discussion on school buildings from diffe...

Workplace stress is recognized as a worldwide challenge for both employees and organizations. From this point of view, approaching a research topic regarding the factors that determine the occurrence of stress within the project teams from public institutions, along the realized public projects, I think it is also of real interest for public institutions. This research aimed to determine which are the main stressors that appear within the project team, more precisely in the elaboration and implementation of public...

Industry 4.0 has recently become a very actual and interesting issue in many areas for lot of people. The questions of the creation of state economic policy for development of sectors of particular industries and the related question of their support by the state are discussed. If this area can be characterized by a pragmatic, predominantly economically oriented approach, there is a greater degree of emotion in other areas discussed. These emotional categories also include the impact of various Industry 4.0 initia...

This paper proceeds from music, which if applied in teaching as a narrative medium, can be an important identifying factor for student / listener if its background is interpreted meaningfully. Thus this paper interprets song lyrics as a teaching medium whose meaning mediation can motivate students if the teacher places emphasis on understanding the background text of the song instead of emphasizing passive listening. The song is not just a mere decoration, something that accidentally fills one’s environment, wheth...

The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the main aspects of the sociocultural analysis of a foreign language textbook. The material of the study was 5 Russian language textbooks for foreigners of the Beginner level, and 5 textbooks on Russian phraseology for foreigners of the Intermediate level. The following research methods were used: critical analysis of the scientific literature on the textbook expertise; content analysis of Russian language textbooks for foreigners on the following aspects: an...

In the past few decades, in the furniture industry, the value of traditional culture has been underestimated in many countries under the process of western-centric modernisation. The process of the culture grounded competitive advantages of furniture& furnishing firms has not yet identified and still undeveloped theoretically and practically. Using the local identity (culture) to add an emotional and symbolic value to the furniture and creating marketing differentiation advantage is not yet fully recognised by aca...

The relationship between economic growth and unemployment has been a topic of interest in academia for almost 60 years but with a special focus on developed countries and only recent papers present results at the regional level. This paper analyzes the regional Okun’s Law in two emerging countries, namely Bulgaria and Romania applying original data. To best achieve the research objective, we consider the widely valued specification of Okun’s Law, that investigates the relationship between the cyclical components o...

The present paper outlines regional and local self-government bodies represent special management system of public administration, which consists of many interconnected elements, among which one of the most important elements is public-political communication. In this management system such subsystems are functional that are responsible for adaptation of elements of the management system at the time of changes of conditions. These subsystems which get information from outside initiate communication management meth...

Currently there is a clearly expressed public need for organizing intergenerational communication in the digital environment with the purpose of transmitting cultural memory of the older (“analog”) generation. Such transmission determines the possibility of memory perception by the “digital” generation in the process of its socialization and realization of their cultural identity. The article is devoted to the development of methodology and private methods of research of communicative-cultural memory and features ...

The context of the research issue: Education exists within limits established by applicable laws and regulations; these clearly define rights and duties. Ethics has a large part to play here. Is it necessary to add an educational code of ethics to the existing laws? Objective: The main objective of the study is to answer the question: Do education workers require an educational code of ethics? And if so, to what extent? Methodology: A literature search to analyse and compare ethical codes, as well as foreign and l...

The subjects of public international law are the states, as primordial subjects of international law and international intergovernmental organizations. The legal status of the individual - the natural person - within the international public law represents an important topic of discussion, both in the specialized doctrine and within the specific institutions that apply the international law. Two points of view have emerged in time: in the first opinion, legal entities are real subjects of public international law,...

The Romanian gastronomy is a very rich branch, very developed, which over the years has gathered a lot of both indigenous elements and some borrowed from other nations and peoples. When it comes to Romanian culinary habits, each geographical area has its own traditions, and these are manifested especially around Christmas, when most people prepare selected dishes. Speaking in general, however, Romanians are used to using tarragon, thyme and garlic when it comes to spices, and a special position in the Romanian cui...

Unlike the Torah, which is given by God from Heaven, royalty belongs to public political life and teaches about order, power and justice. The Israelite kingship is not a purely historical institution, but also a divine one (Ps 89, 28-37). Peace, prosperity, well-being, authority of the Israelite king are images of how God communicates with the people of Israel. The obedience of the Jewish King to the revealed Word of God, the Torah, cancels the monarchic absolutism (Deut. 17:16-17): when the king David stands hims...

The aim of the article is to present the development of spa architecture in Poland on the example of one of the most famous spa town in Poland, Krynica-Zdroj. The town is known not only because of its picturesque location, the richness of the natural environment in natural mineral resources manifesting in numerous healing mineral waters, exploited in this spa, but due to the richness of the forms of resort architecture, accumulated during almost 200 years of Krynica-Zdroj’s activity as a health resort, is a very i...

Even though the beginnings of product placement are dated to the end of the 19th century, this marketing communication tool has been globally known and massively used for only a few years. One reason is that product placement has not been legally regulated in countries for a long period of time, so it is often considered as hidden advertising. Its use brings benefits especially to the sponsor / director of audiovisual artworks, and to the owners of the companies whose product or service is presented. In the US and...

This study aims to clarify the ways in which the authorities involved in place brand management choose to use new technologies to communicate their online identity, within a broader context, defined by circular economy. We focused on a methodology repository, applying an already validated instrument, which could generate standardized and comparable results, from previous research, addressing the online identity of place brands issue. However, exploring contextualization, which is now mandatory for place brands in ...

The purpose of this study is to present business models as the success factors of social enterprise and their applicability in the outlook of new economic trends which include the perspective of transition from a linear to a circular economy. The issue of the study provided the opportunity to establish success factors of social enterprise as well business models that are used in practice. The paper uses a fragment of a wider survey conducted by the author in the period 2015- 2016 concerning the Polish model of soc...

Background. Due to globalization and rapid economic changes the job insecurity is becoming more and more common for the contemporary labor market in most countries. There are many investigations devoted to the consequences of an job insecurity for individual and organization in the international scientific literature. But there is still little research on this theme in the Russian context. So, the aim of our study is to fill this gap. In our previous studies (Chuykova, Sotnikova, 2016); (Chuykova, 2018) we found t...

The article discusses the regional characteristics of the demographic processes of Russian Federation. The causal relationships between socio-economic factors and demographic indicators in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation are disclosed. The theoretical justification of the study was the concept of a geodemographic situation. The concept of geodemographic situation allows to prove the need of movement from quantitative indicators of evaluation to qualitative characteristics and indicators of th...

The purpose of this study is to thoroughly analyze a general phenomenon, such as gender, within video games to develop a better understanding of its particularities in this form of media and to expand the general body of knowledge on video games as a research topic. As prior literature shows, gender within video games can be either defined by its biased and sexualized character or by a tendency towards equality and strength for women. To explain those varied results the author proceeds with a qualitative discourse...

Understanding the text is a process of linguistic nature. The understanding of the text involves understanding the semantic value of words and syntactic structures. The sentence is part of thematic plan of the text and at the same time it is a projection of its speech realization. In this way it becomes part of “lang” and “parol”. Understanding the text has an ontological dimension. Understanding the text takes place in the mental space with the participation of the structural processor. Parser converts the syntac...

The term audionarratology was coined by Jarmila Mildorf and Till Kinzel in 2014, as a reaction to Lawrence Kramer who had argued a few decades earlier that music could not act as a narrative on its own. They took an opposite stand by offering theoretical considerations as well as methodological challenges with emphasis on narrative experientiality, audioception, situatedness, auricularisation, and focalization in sound. While they covered spoken language, radio plays, sound installations, music, video games, and t...

The second year in a row Latvia takes the leading position among the European Union countries in a rate of newly diagnosed HIV cases per 100 000 inhabitants. Especially, last years the number of newly diagnosed cases through heterosexual transmission is growing while the number of infection cases through homosexual and intravenous drug usage transmission is decreasing. Previous study shows that there is a possibility that heterosexual people formed a false understanding about HIV if they are faced with a communica...

The contributions have taken into account positive and negative effects of globalization and have drawn on current knowledge in the academic field of intercultural awareness and intercultural communication. They have been theoretically rooted in the specific definition of culture which has been compared to an iceberg: (1) one part of culture (values and assumption) is beneath the surface; (2) another part of culture (observable behaviors) of the culture is visible. The first part of the paper has highlighted Germa...

The contribution focuses on literary phenomenon of bad mother in 21st century novels written by authors born in former GDR. Both selected novels deal with some kind of raven mother’s behaviour witnessed by the writer in person or conveyed by close relative of the writer showing how historical events might lead to refusal of the principal woman’s role – being mother. The long-term family as well as society disguised taboo is in the first novel “Back to Back” by Julia Franck’s composed only after grandmother’s death...

The authors of the text depict basic parameters of research activities which are currently realized in order to support the communication of persons with neurocognitive disorder. These persons represent a specific diagnostic group that occurs especially in the elderly population. At the same time this group is a typical representative of problems connected with aging of population. Research activities are realized in terms of specialized research projects designated for universities, specifically in terms of a pro...

The research question of the article is to find out the aspects of Russian smart city developers’ vision of expected inhabitants, as practitioners elaborating “smart city” concepts pay less attention to humanistic aspect of the problem than to technologies. To achieve that, an analysis of Russian articles on smart city mentioning the roles and functions of “smart people” was held. The results of the review are the following: first, the idea of “smart people” is controversial and impossible to achieve, while the te...

Changes in the society cause changes in the demands on the process and the result of training an engineer. In the beginning of the 20th century a design engineer was needed; the second half of the 20th century called for engineers capable of carrying out a scientific research and applying its results; labor market in the beginning of the 21st century makes a demand on engineers who are both competent in dealing with theoretical and practical tasks that arise from their professional activities and able to work as m...

The article examines the current status and prospects of development of the Russian tax system, analyzes it, considers problems and ways of its improvement. The article includes the following sections: introduction, general characteristic of tax system of Russia; elements of the tax system of Russia; prospects of development of Russian tax system. In each paragraph the essential elements of the current tax system of the state are revealed. The trends developing in the modern tax system of the Russian Federation ar...

The article considers the interrelation between technoscience and humanity in the contemporary university environment. Postmodern is seen as a communicative context and fundamental property of technology development. This problem is urgent because we always need some existential form of thinking, to understand what we are performing. In other words, technological and science exaltation should always “kept cold”, by examining, observing, thinking, and acting in consideration of this analysis. The authors point out ...

The paper provides an extended report on a study of the evolution of management accounting in Russia, with a main phase of investigation during the period 2014-2019. It traces the development of management accounting in the country’s emerging economy during the three post-Soviet decades and investigates the specifics of management accounting in the domain of mid-sized companies – the most typical representatives of the market economy. The research is focused on the “soft” side of management accounting, stressing t...

American social enterprise. In the background of this basic comparison, the analysis attempts to locate the Polish model of social enterprise This study is going concern difference in definitions of social enterprise and conception of national models these entities including polish model of social enterprise The aims is of this study is to show that economic and social results of the participants in the Anglo - Saxon models (Amer-ican and English) are the most effective however comparative studies of models show t...

There has been a very dynamic development of project management in recent years. One reason is continued globalization and market interconnection, another reason is the technological development and the development of new technologies. There are many challenges that project managers must encounter. Managing and leading the projects is a challenge for the project managers and it becomes difficult to meet the goals of the project, once the project changes from local to global. As companies worldwide are moving more ...

Promoting and developing the energy sector is an essential component of the process of Romania's sustainability. Sustainability in the promotion of the energy sector can be achieved by: building new capacities, upgrading and modernizing the energetic sector, stimulating the increase of internal consumption in the context of energy efficiency, promoting and capitalizing on renewable energy sources, especially geothermal energy. In this context, Romania participates in European projects aimed at promoting and capita...

Let the linear demand function be ??0(??)=??0???0??,0??????0??0, where ??0,??0>0 and ??0(??) is the unit price with respect to the demand quantity ??.Then the revenue function is ??0(??)=??0?????0??2 where 0??????0??0 . Consider the cost function ??0(??)=??0+??0?? where 0???, ??0>0 and 0<??0<??0. Then we obtain profit function as ??0(??)=??0(??)???0(??)=??0?????0??2???0???0?? where 0??????0??0 . Yao and Lin [Yao J.-S., Lin D.-C., Optimal fuzzy profit for price in fuzzy sense, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 111, 455-464 20...

Introduction. The objective of this investigation is to pinpoint the influence of the salivary pH on the hardness of the dental enamel. Method. The study was realized using recently extracted 6 non-carious wisdom teeth, that were immersed in solutions of different pH (between 2.5 and 6.5) for 3 minutes, solutions that would simulate the pH of the oral cavity in patients with a potential condition of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The hardness of the enamel was tested using the Vickers method. Results show that t...

Creativity constitutes an important feature in teachers' development, enables for application of the original methods in work and for creating the climate of openness and independence. However, researchers quite frequently notice that creative functioning, correlated also with non-conformism, is often coupled with low social competences, which results in incomprehension, rejection and criticism from co-workers. On the other hand, some investigators point out that creative teachers are expressive, have a lot of co-...

Our study presents a model of factors influencing the financial viability of Hungarian social enterprises, and tests the model on a sample of 220 Hungarian firms involved in social entrepreneurship. In the model we suggest that the most important factors for financial viability are the Regulatory environment (the transparency of regulations); the Entrepreneurial attributes of the entrepreneur (business orientation, business skills and experience, business planning tendencies); the Financial support provided by the...

The research aim is to define and substantiate the methodological guidelines for the historical reconstruction of Ukrainian philosophical tradition of axiology of the nature. First of all, the research methodology as a synthesized self-reflection of historical humanities, in the search for new knowledge, should be based on human-centered approaches, principles and methods and it has to take into account evolutionary changes in the world society, the conceptual and historical-contextual influence on human conscious...

This article explores the contributions of one of the greatest Russian writers in the contemporary literature Andrei Bitov, who has written several novels and short stories that reflect the postmodernism literary works in Russia. The first post-modernist work in Russian was A. Bitov’s novel “Pushkin house” from A.S. Pushkin, the creator of the Russian literary language; the largest and most prominent figure in Russian literary life. A.G. Bitov was one of the first Russian writers in the Soviet Union who devoted to...

This study is focused on families of pre-school children with 1 type diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to explore if there is any difference between parents of diabetic children and parents of typical children in their life satisfaction and their satisfaction with the kindergarten. Also the relationship between parent's satisfaction with kindergarten and their satisfaction with life is analyzed here. The research sample of 166 respondents was divided into two groups of parents of children with the diabet...

Jachym Topol (born 1962) is a Czech poet, novelist and rock musician whose literary works have been translated to more than ten languages up to now. He comes from a well-known Czech literary family (e. g. Karel Schulz, Josef Topol), started his career as a Czech “angry young man” and a representative of Czech underground culture in the 1980s. After 1989 he began to write novels which are rooted in the underground way of expression but at the same time are discussed as samples of typically postmodern prose. Especia...

In the postmodern society with its rapid changes, actors strive to find the most efficient means of social adaptation that would enable them to achieve their personal goals in the shortest possible time. The complexity of social relationships forces social actors to use provocations as a more advanced means of influence. Oftentimes, provocators resort to provocations in order to have an emotional impact on their opponents and galvanize them into actions that are programmed to damage them for the sake of realizatio...

Nowadays the business microblog register is an object of linguistic research because its structural and semantic properties require further investigation in terms of linguostylistics, discourse analysis and business rhetoric studies. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that today the register of microblogging and its semantic structure have not been studied in the context of business communication. The authors aim to find out what functions are performed in business messages of the social network Twitter....

The paper deals with the issue of the design of a hospital chapel from early 20th century built as one of the buildings comprising the Institution for Nervously and Mentally Ill in Krakow-Kobierzyn. The whole complex was built as a pavilion style mental hospital starting from 1908 on the outskirts of Krakow. It was opened in 1917 and still operates. The hospital grounds cover ca.50 hectares and house a dozen of pavilions for patients and many background facilities such as administration buildings, pharmacy, kitche...

The architectural solution of hospital facilities in Slovakia in recent decades is insufficiently saturation of patient and staff expectations. In the field of neonatal health care, the key response to the growing number of pre-term newborns is the key. In the last decade the number of pre-term newborns in Slovakia has increased by up to 30%. In many cases, stressful stimuli from the intensive care unit (noise, light, pain, insensitive manipulation and separation from the mother) cause the damage to many important...

In contemporary societies employed parents are often faced with difficulties while trying to balance their work and family obligations. Previous research showed that this negatively influences the quality of family life and results in family stress. Additionally, it causes lower level of job satisfaction and work effectiveness. Recognizing these issues, some work organizations implemented family-friendly policies in order to support employees and to help enhance their family-work balance. For the same reason they ...

Background: In this paper we tried to emphasize the importance of the Critical Infrastructures in general, as well as a divided approach of the infrastructures. The main topics discussed in the following lines are debating the importance of critical infrastructures in the field of Transportation, Energy production, Water and sanitation, Nuclear Industry as well as some examples for stating the importance of Critical infrastructures, at a national and European level on the economical and social point of view. The p...

Christianity reached the territories inhabited by Baltic and Baltic Finnic peoples (the present-day Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia) considerably later than the rest of Europe. The centralization (and thereby also Christianization) process of Lithuania took a different turn, whereas the ethnic groups living in the territory of Latvia and Estonia were baptized in the result of crusades (during the years 1195/1196–1290). Subsequently, a set of feudal lands was established there, known as the medieval Livonia. In the 1...