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Religious tourism is one of the most wide-spread forms of travelling in terms of its volume but also of its extent. Study of the religious tourism is significant in terms of its protection of cultural heritage, its historical aspect as well as in terms of its contribution to the regional development. A comprehensive view on the status of using Slovakia's great potential for religious tourism is absent; a systematic research of religious tourism on the national level is unsatisfactory. Available studies and analysi...

Transnational corporations grew up rapidly in 90s years of 20th century. They have acquired very strong position in world economy and started to play an important role in influencing particular national economies. Transnational corporations affect host economies through two channels – by foreign direct investment and international trade. Objective of the paper is to estimate the importance of foreign direct investment inflow, export and import on labour productivity and unemployment (two most common factors in a...

Economy appears to have always been driven and determined by the development of needs, with consumption increasingly viewed as the major tool of needs satisfaction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of global changes on consumption processes with the view to identifying the current trend as towards quantification or, conversely, qualification. The authors outline the evolution of scientific approach to and views on the phenomenon of personal consumption, and resort to scientific research papers ...

In recent years, there has been an increasing need for the development of human capital, which is currently recognized as a further factor of economic growth. However, the importance of human capital has always been influenced by the development of human society. In the past 20 years, the importance of flexible work force, well-motivated and highly skilled has become en revealed. The openness of economy has changed not only our lifestyle but the labor market as well. This is why employers, in accordance with their...

Tourism has a significant influence on the economic and social progress of the territory; therefore the development of this particular industry becomes a priority. The article analyzes the peculiarities of promotional marketing of national Russian tourism product on the domestic and foreign markets, defines basic problems of the industry, and suggests their solutions.

At the turn of the last two decades of the 20th century, major changes occurred in the social, political and economic systems of Central and Eastern European countries. Authors in their paper relate to the economic fundamentals of a state in the conditions of a mixed economy. They note that in this type of an economic arrangement, private sector co-exists along with the private sector, and economic activities are being carried out via market mechanisms as well as public institutions. The aim of the paper is to ide...

The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the impact of support or subsidies under Rural Development Programme (RDP) 2007-2013 on wood biomass or fuelwood production and rural development. The tasks of the study presented in this paper are: (1) to evaluate resources and development of fuelwood in Latvia, comparing with other Baltic States and the EU countries in the Baltic Sea Region; (2) to investigate the measures encouraging fuelwood production under RDP 2007-2013; (3) to analyze the impact of Latvia's support (s...

In existing theories of human behavior the concept of self-interest is of immense significance. Debates over the self-interest in the economic theory have grown in scale as models of individual economic behavior within the rational choice theory and economic theory of welfare gained currency. The aim of the study is to explore modern concepts of self-interest and reveal trends in development of the self-interest theory as based on identification of preconditions, factors and criteria of rational behavior in hired ...

The goal of the research is to analyze the spatial economic dynamics by evaluating specialization of the Russian regions and concentration of manufacture in the country. In order to reach the set goal I studied the theoretical basis of the scientific problem, defined methodical instrument and gave an estimate of the regional specialization and geographical concentration of industry in Russia, shaped the corresponding conclusions. To analyze the concentration of industrial production I used Herfindahl-Hirschman ind...

The value of marketing mix in non-commercial organizations in the theory puts in doubt; however, in practice both commercial and non-commercial organizations today are actively using marketing methods for the development and promotion of their companies. The principal directions of activity of non-commercial organizations are the attraction of volunteers, financial means for the charitable purposes. That underlines the relevance of use of tools of promotion in resolving of these issues. The carried out analysis, u...

This study looks into the system of vocational education which serves the needs of creative industry; into how well prepared experts in the field of creative activities are; and also into the extent to which the needs of market are satisfied when it comes to creative and well-prepared workers. Moreover it analyses requirements of organizations active within the creative industry on higher education, qualification and personal qualities of workers in this sphere. Subjects of this analysis are following: social, eco...

The study is presenting research focused on non-timber forest products, their significance of consumption and other possible usage heading to economic improvement or rural populations from the Peruvian Amazon. The study sampling represents three villages situated in the remote areas affected by timber exploitation where attitudes to NTFPs collection and use are strong. Data collection was carried out during September and October 2011 through interviews, semi–structured questionnaires and direct observation follo...

This paper focuses on the three areas focused on the regional economy. These areas mutually interact with and also impact each other. The first area is tourism, which includes the organisation of cultural events, in this paper, with a regional impact. The second area, which is linked to cultural events, the economic impacts that arise in organising such events. As these impacts are broken down into four basic parts are the effects on production, gross value added, employment and compensation of employees, only sel...

In modern conditions, tourism is a complex sector of the economy, as the production of tourism products affects the economy of various industries. Tourism development causes not only positive effects but also negative ones. Therefore, there is a need to address the problems brought by these effects according to the concept of sustainable tourism. However, in Russia this concept is not currently being realized despite all the officially taken measures, in particular, the fact that the concept of the Russian Federat...

Coffee is a well-known commodity with an extensive value chain. Recently, consumers started to explore the disproportion in money allocation. While farmers receive only minimal price for their product, gains go up to the top players. This is evident for Indonesia, which nowadays belongs to the top global coffee producers. Particularly region of North Sumatra is region with unique, world-known, coffee brands such as Lintong and Mandheling coffee brands. Thus, the aim of our survey was to analyze the situation of th...

Every time we open a newspaper or we turn on the TV, we see sellers of almost identical products spending huge amounts of money in order to convince consumers to buy their brands. Advertisers are not in a position to enforce consumption on a target group, but they have the power to dominate by transmitting their messages through television programmes, magazines and other media. Having proven its force in the movement of economic goods and services, nowadays, advertising has been directed in increasing quantity tow...

Barra do Imigrante community is one of the new resettlements established upon construction of the Barra Grande hydroelectric dam in the central part of the Santa Catarina state. Nevertheless, governmental attempts targeted on networking of sustainable energy supplies with infrastructure development are in contradiction with wellbeing of small family farms and bring significant socio-economic changes to producers' livelihoods. Using the sustainable livelihoods concept, this study analyzes the ability of households ...

The “European Capital of Culture” project was elaborated by the European Union for the purpose of convergence of individual citizens of the European Union countries and to present the culture of selected cities, states on a European scale. Its aim is to highlight the richness and diversity of European cultures and the features they share, to contribute to better mutual knowledge of European citizens and to support a sense of belonging to the same European Community. The first locality became to be Athens in 19...

The article analyzes the situation in Russia's market for agricultural machinery as one of the strategically important markets, which, in the last decade, has been affected by a set of stable negative tendencies; and if preserved, they will be able to influence a national food safety. The author believes that a way to solve the existing problem is to develop a highly competitive entrepreneurial environment in this market.

This study analyses trends in the economic development and measures and decisions adopted by companies' management in order to deal with unfavourable external factors caused by the economic recession. Subject of research are trends in the economic development in the period from 60s to 80s in the past century. Study looks into their impact on managerial decision-making; compares their results with current trends in the economic development; compares reactions of management; evaluates relations and strategies within...

The purpose of this paper consists in developing a theoretical model of the modern market-profit-value relationship. The essential factor which is modeling this relationship is creativity. The model was obtained after a research of a special bibliography. The analysis of the concepts of profit and value was conducted from the perspective of an inexhaustible resource: human creativity. The original model of the market-profit-value relationship emphasizes the importance of the human resource and customer creativity ...

In this paper, a new system is designed, which can be implemented into mobile phones, without increasing their size and power, while using Galileo satellites. The system will offer the rescue service also in areas without terrestrial mobile network coverage – for everyone, but decisive purpose of our study is to develop appropriate equipment for disabled people in challenging environmental conditions such as skiing in foggy weather as well as night cross-country skiing or riding bike in such conditions. First pa...

Development of innovative entrepreneurship is always fraught with considerable difficulties. It is especially difficult to make decisions about the development of activities in the face of uncertainty. The study of scientific materials showed that in the innovative business there are about 70 types of uncertainties. The task was - of their systematization and classification of conditions, existence, nature appearance to develop management guidelines. For data processing was carried the large-scale expert study bas...

Experiential marketing, along with relationship marketing ,expresses reality of the current economy, and of the society in general, in which the (subjective) consumer involvement in the creation of tourism product is an essential condition of the consumption act. Although the control of the companies dealing with destination management and, respectively, marketing is limited in terms of product policy (and, by default, customer satisfaction), the marketing specialist's task is all the more difficult, as the succes...

The article deals with the problems of modern changes in tourism spatial organization in Russia. It is aimed at identification of key areas in this process and its specific features. The research methodology is based on a combination of systems approach, geographical and historical studies and spatial construction management. Tourism spatial organization in Russia is being formed "from above" (centrally), on the basis of programme-project approach and in accordance with the state programmes on tourism development ...

The transitive processes taking place in the competitive struggle, and shifting it to the sphere of high technologies lead to the expansion of the innovative field in the world economic system , simultaneously embracing a wide range of new branches, including even those, which didn't use to be treated as knowledge-intensive or high-tech before. A prominent place among them is occupied by energetics. This area happens to be one of the greatest customers and consumers of the creation of the innovative technologies; ...

In this paper was studied the macro and micro situation about four groups of market-oriented companies from Saint-Petersburg in three periods of time. Was proposed the typology of market orientation as the element of Strategic Management System. The authors tried to make the connection between the type of market orientation and the situation on the market in a given time period. In 2010-2014 authors conducted the survey of more than 200 companies of Saint-Petersburg (SME and some large companies). There were ident...

Strategy and tactics of modern Business development is guided, first of all, by the company's intellectual assets development, including their basic component - human resources.Management of enterprise's intellectual assets development demands a quantitative evaluation of these resources quality parameters.In the work presented it is proposed to use a graphic display of an intellectual assets quality condition in a form of spatial histogram with a following coordinates system: "human", "organizational" and "social...

In the current environment, the economic clusterization, which contributes to closer interrelations between the businesses operating within this system and promotes development of the involved regions, represents one of the key factors relating to competitive ability improvement of the active businesses. Identification and assessment of regional clusters is actually regarded as an insufficiently studied issue, which fact, first of all, is linked to complexity of the region as an economic system on the whole having...

This article wants to be a presentation of what rural tourism and agro-tourism are, in the context of sustainable tourism, having as main purpose the protection, preservation and promotion of traditional rural buildings in Transylvania. Having as a starting point the theoretical concepts which substantiate its activities of sustainable rural tourism and agro-tourism, with positive implications on the economic, social and cultural fields, on one hand, and the fundamental concept which is defined by tradition and ho...

Early 2008, road transport undertakings of the European Union member countries faced a huge shortage of drivers. Increasing demand for freight services and growing number of vehicles led to critical shortage of drivers. Due to economic recession, road freight traffic experienced dramatic decline, and the shortfall of drivers was resolved only on a temporary basis. However, compliance with social legislation necessitated to increase the number of drivers of road freight traffic compared to number of vehicles by abo...

In modern economic business conditions the state is becoming more corporate and a partner of the private sector. The authors in this paper analyzed the public-private partnership (PPP) as a form of public-private sector cooperation, where the partnership and market relationships are established, while achieving mutual interests and protecting public interest. The aim is to investigate the characteristics of PPP in Europe, with a special focus on the transition economies and Serbia, and in particular to highlight t...

In the today's highly competitive market environment, enterprises are searching for new ways of serving markets and creating a differentiated customer value. An important role in these change processes is played by the process of market segmentation according to the customers' requirements and shopping behaviour. Properly performed market segmentation then contributes to increased profitability of the company and of the entire value network. The methods used in segmentation are based on combinations of various seg...

The general consensus is that the customer value has become a key tool for gaining a competitive advantage and for economic growth of companies and an important dimension determining the efficiency of a company from the point of view of its customers, too. This requires assessment of the level of the customer value. Although the customer value appears in each marketing textbook, the problem of measuring the customer value still has not enjoyed the appropriate attention. This paper deals with adaptation of diagnost...

This article describes the features of state corporations in the Russian industry. State corporations are some of the points of economic growth in the system of industrial policy, which characterizes them as an instrument of state regulation to stabilize the economic condition of the industry and the state in general. The authors analyzed the world experience of creating state corporations. Analysis suggests that creating state corporations in the industrial sector helps stabilize of the economy in the country. Th...

The purpose of this paper is to show the impact of organizational values on product innovation in manufacturing companies on the basis of former literature insights and empirical evidence from 81 Austrian and German companies. The first section includes the results of an in-depth content analysis of relevant articles revealing a grouping of the twelve most frequently expressed value themes for necessary innovations. Further, the paper contains empirical results from a survey among 81 managers of Austrian and Germa...

Recent global economic crisis has revived a longstanding debate whether government spending or austerity is the better way to stop financial downslide and to set economy straight. Two notably opposite schools of economic thought have crossed swords: one championing “honeyish” fiscal stimulus via increased government borrowing and spending, and another, advocating “tarry” public spending cuts. The major aim of this paper is to contrast and compare the working mechanisms behind spending and austerity measure...

Development of innovative entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation is particularly relevant at the moment. At the level of the constituents of the Russian Federation were formed their legal frameworks, which should be the rules of relations in the “state - the business community”. A program to support small innovative entrepreneurship in universities and research organizations was developed. However, if we turn to official Russian statistics, the regions have a sharp contrast from each other based on the res...

Innovation and innovation policies and strategies implementations are one of the most important aspects of current international economics and business development issues. It is the key not only to creating more jobs, building a greener society and improving quality of life, but also to maintaining companies' competitiveness on the global market and states'/economies' competitiveness enhancement within the international economics system. Technology has become internationalized. Technology is a double-edged sword f...

Motivation seems to be one of the most important tools of Human Resource Management. Organizations design motivation systems to encourage employees to perform in the most effective way but also to attract potential candidates. The key to create the efficient motivation system is an answer to the question what really motivates employees. The purpose of this paper is to find which motivation factors are seen as the most important by students considered as future business persons. The aim is to analyze findings in th...

The purpose of this paper is to test to what extent an economic growth can be attributed to the international knowledge spillovers. The knowledge spillover is related to the possible output growth gains from the total factor productivity increase in other countries. Analysis of growth accounting was based on the production function of neo-classical growth model. The augmented production function accounted for the labour, physical and human capital, and also captured the other country†s total factor productivity ...

In tourism, the suppliers/producers are considered, in fact, "sellers of dreams", the consumption of tourism products being seen as consumption of experiences. Being widely recognized by the researchers in the field, the delivery of memorable tourist experiences represents a „must” for organization's success on the increasingly competitive market. Through this paper, the authors aim to highlight the importance and the role of tourism experience analysis in both the design of new tourism products and the contin...

Hierarchical forecasting represents an approach to forecasting which takes account of the possibility of integration of foreseen items into related groups in accordance with chosen aggregation variables. Therefore, it is possible to use it in creation of a system of forecasts on different aggregation levels in the way the created forecasts are in mutual time and material harmony. The thing is that in hierarchical forecasting the final forecasts are created from forecasts on a lower level of aggregation (bottom-up ...

This paper investigates the development of Lithuanian international trade of creative industries. The purpose of the research is to analyze the significance of creative industries in Lithuanian international trade development under existing conditions. Theoretical review of the definition of creative industries, nature, structure and changes of development of Lithuanian international trade are analyzed in this article in order to define the significance of creative industries in development of Lithuanian internati...

The main aim of the paper is to identify the range of regional products on offer in the Czech Republic and in individual regions based on secondary sources of data. Every region in the Czech Republic has its own unique characteristic, stemming from its natural beauties and the culture of its people. The products that come from certain areas also bear part of this character, having been created by the work of local artisans and farmers. The results of primary research will then show the preferences respondents have...

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the predominant form of enterprise in the European Union as well as in Romania. Although most research in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) focuses on large companies, there are some studies dealing with CSR of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), recognizing that we cannot generalize our understanding of CSR in large organizations and the difficulties in achieving it for SMEs. Both the academic and the corporate sector face uncertainty when defining CSR, whi...

Organizations of the 21st century are facing a business environment characterized by expansion dynamism and dramatic crises hard to imagine decades before. The main resource of the organizations in the present and the next future proves to be, inevitably, the human resource. The paper presents research results revealing the need to focus on the major resource of the company – the human resource, bearer of the knowledge, creativity and power of the company. The most important threats of present economical context...

The degree of openness measured as the share of foreign trade to GDP is one of the factor that significantly determine the development of countries. That is why many authors are interested in openness of the economy and its impact on macroeconomic development of the country from a theoretical and empirical aspect. This paper is therefore dedicated to show different measurement of openness and analyze the relationship of openness of the economy and macroeconomic developments with the help of regression analysis. Nu...

The role and importance of the independent assessment of standardized information provided by public officers associated with the formation and use of municipal funds to ensure legality, reliability, and compliance with established performance criteria are constantly increasing worldwide. It is this form of financial control meets municipal management concept and allows evaluation of the effectiveness of their activities. Municipal audit can improve the quality of information received by consumers and gives the op...