Browse

Introduction: Within the concept of women in the archaic Roman era, the present paper will attempt a believable reconstruction of the passage of the vestal woman figure, subjected to the male “potestas” of the “pontfex maximus” in which Eros was sacrificed to the Civitas due to the blackmail of equal rights, to the recovery of the woman as an object of Christian contemplation. Objective and Method: The aim of this article, through the analysis of recognized sources, is to study the axiom according to which the Rom...

From the beginning, through to Antiquity and the Middle Ages, mankind has started from a belief in the existence of a substantial soul. Belief in a spirit substance gradually receded, giving way to a spirit wholly dependent on matter and strictly material causes. The human psyche does not easily adapt to the times, and, despite humanity's breakthroughs and changing conceptions regarding life and the world, the nucleus of magical thinking has continued to exist and manifest itself incongruously relative to modern c...

Dante Alighieri’s Inferno 28 is the place of the sowers of discord and scandal who are responsible for causing a split within their own communities; among them in the ninth bolge of the eighth circle is Muhammad whose mutilated body represents the division he brought to Christianity. A historical contextualization of the Inferno, however, confirms that the hostility between Christianity and Islam had emerged earlier with the rise of Islam as a political power in the seventh century. This paper examines Medieval an...

This paper aims to give an overview on a starting research process. The research aims to study correlations between the Renaissance Revival garden design in Italy and Hungary. The turn of the 19th and 20th centuries is characterized by an urge to seek a definition of national identity and also by Historicism with the revival of former artistical styles all over in Europe. Evoking the Italian Renaissance in Hungary has historical roots and special meanings. Italian models appear in main artworks emerged in Renaissa...

The Renaissance is a pinnacle of European humanistic culture that can only be erased from human history at the risk of destroying the very meaning of history. Of the same evidence, however, is the fact that the rinascita was due to a series of political, cultural and social conditions that, emerging from the Italian land, were different in all countries where it was propagated, and almost absent, appearing in short, decorativ spurts, in others. What united them in the most concrete way was the generous idea of hum...

The most prominent period of Hungarian history in arts and science was during the reign of King Matthias (1443-1490). His humanist upbringing, his education and his political successes made him a renowned ruler of his time. In parallel with the emergence of Italian early Renaissance gardens, royal and ecclesiastical gardens were established in the Kingdom of Hungary. The numerous links well characterise and explain the affinity between early Renaissance gardens in Italy and Hungary. Alongside the king's bountiful ...

The paper examines Karel van Mander’s consistent descriptions of artistic incompetence, technical mediocrity, and creative failure in Het Schilder-Boeck – or The Book of Painting, first published in Alkmaar 1604 – in the attempt to understand the functionality of his remarks – from an aesthetic, ethical, and pedagogical standpoint – as cautionary tales for apprentices and young patrons. It will be argued that, by establishing a sharp distinction between “excellent masters” and “mediocre painters,” Van Mander’s nar...

In plate 141 For the Sexes - the Gates of Paradise, copy D, Blake by asking: “Does thy God O Priest take such vengeance, as this” refers to the story of Count Ugolino as it is described in Dante’s Divine Comedy - Inferno Canto XIII (33). The subject of Blake’s preoccupation is the conflict between the Devourer and the Prolific as it was developed in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell in 1789. The conflict between the adverse forces of life, good versus evil, formed ‘two different kind of philosophies’- as Yeats calle...

The Renaissance of 19th-century historiography and of every period of intense artistic and intellectual activity called renaissance is characterized by the exploration of cultural heritage that it inherits and its appropriation, conquest, and revival through this exploration. We are referring to the Carolingian renaissance, the Ottoman, the 12th century one, and the Italian Renaissance with its chronological subdivisions and influences. Corresponding renaissances are also recognized in the Byzantine territory. The...

Along with paintings, drawings, and prints representing workshops and studios in sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Europe, written sources also provide important information concerning the different typologies, functions, and organization of the creative and entrepreneurial spaces of the artist in early modern times. These spaces were often the stage of significant social and cultural exchanges with patrons, commissioners, and collectors, in which art-related explorations coexisted with science-oriented exp...

The general rationale of this article applies to the interest in the visualisation of the historical heritage during the Empire period in France, the trends of retrospectiveism in contemporary art and design, and the need to explore the phenomenon of 'grand style', the idea of which is emerging today in art salons around the world more often. The year 2021 marks the 200th anniversary of the Emperor's death. In this respect, women's costume of the beginning of the XIX century in France is still a relevant research ...

Our endeavour is based on the search for revealing the realities that happened during the Renaissance period in the Italian city-states, starting from their formation and ending up with the fall of these regimes. The Italian Renaissance is a surprisingly well-defined phenomenon in time and space, impacting not only Italian and European culture and civilization, leaving its strong imprint on an entire world. The Italian Renaissance civilization witnessed socio-economic, administrative-political changes of a complet...

In the Renaissance era, the mastery of the organists is increasing, and they are the ambassadors of the increasingly pronounced orientation for instrumental music, supporting and consolidating the instrumentalism. Important organists, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, English, etc., offer and promote the solution of instrumental music in the European space. The new trend in the approach of instrumental music develops in parallel with the compositional professionalization. Among the Iberian organists, Pedro Alberto Vil...

Under the influence of the Renaissance humanist trend, the Romanian musical space is experiencing a period of transformation and flourishing in a diverse and effervescent musical landscape. Being under the influence of Western music, the Romanian musical life assimilates and accepts the Renaissance elements in particular manifestation forms, specific to the historical-geographical space of the historical regions known as the Roman Countries (Principalities). For more than two centuries, numerous European countries...

The paper dwells upon the historical process of introducing multilingual dictionaries into the Russian linguistics and its influence upon the Russian lexicography development. In the article two first Russian multilingual dictionaries of P.S. Pallas (1787-1789) and of T. Yankovich de Mirievo (1790-1791) were examined. It is noted that this type of dictionaries marked the qualitative shift from pure language facts collecting to comparative-historical and typological linguistics beginning, as multilingual dictionary...

The article is devoted to language characters relevant to the area of SMS communication done via cell phones, primarily to the influence of English on German language and the use of English contractions and abbreviations. It gives a brief overview of phenomena that affect the current German language. The main focus is on the influence of English and English abbreviations, which are common for SMS and other forms of modern communication via mobile devices, and on the influence on the language of youths, the so call...

This article summarizes the experience of using testing to assess students' knowledge of engineering disciplines at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Authors suggest using the matrix of the test, which should be taken into account when drafting tasks in mid-term and final tests to diagnose the academic achievements of students of engineering disciplines. Attention has been paid to the didactic principles of diagnostics of the author's test. The modern requirements for assessing the validity of...

The paper deals with the linguistic peculiarities of sentiment analysis of documents in Arabic. Automatic definition of emotive component in a large corpus is highly relevant today. At the same time, the theory of emotions in linguistics has not been sufficiently developed yet, therefore there is an urgent need to improve the computer methods of sentiment analysis for carrying out sociolinguistic research. In the framework of this study, we try to determine the patterns inherent in the Arabic language, which must ...

Approaches to teaching English for Academic Purposes in a particular discourse vary from elaborating and creating academic grammar and syntax structures, reading, translating and analyzing academic and scientific papers, listening to conference presentations and university lectures as well as discussing academic and scientific subjects with peers and experts. However, none of the enlisted activities is possible without regular, systematic and laborious vocabulary building, self-discipline and new academic words ac...

The article explores linguistic means of cohesion and coherence, as well as means of intonation manifestation in popular economic discourse in terms of their functional and pragmatic importance. It also provides main approaches to the concepts of discourse and intonation manifestation both in oral and written discourse in modern linguistics. With economy being one of the essential areas of society and with the processes of economic globalization, the language of economy becomes one of the most explored in present-...

Linguistic nomination is of great interest to modern science. One of the key problems of theoretical linguistics has been those of the theory of nomination. In the study of lexical and semantic development of the language among important issues are secondary naming, including words with transferred meaning, which contribute to the accuracy, expressiveness and figurative transference of semantic information. Expansion, narrowing of the lexical meaning of a word and its semantic potential are closely related to the ...

The relevance of the study is determined by several reasons. Firstly, the languages of the indigenous peoples of Siberia belong to the category of languages that do not have an ancient written tradition, and the texts of these peoples present a valuable linguistic material that allows to obtain important data, as well as to draw significant conclusions about the specifics of the genesis of linguistic and cultural processes of the relevant ethnic groups. Secondly, in recent years there has been a certain increase i...

The formation of independent Kazakhstan after the collapse of the USSR (1991) led to a change in the language situation, the formation of language policy and language construction. The most urgent topics in society were the questions of the revival of the vitality of the state - Kazakh language, the narrowing of the spheres of functioning of the Russian language, the transition from Cyrillic to Latin. A large number of scientific articles analyzing the language situation of Soviet Kazakhstan and post-Soviet Kazakh...

The article considers the language specificity within the culture of professional communication: the comparative study of verbal and semantic level of professional and business communication allows not only to establish the role of universal and idioethnic in the structure of professional linguistic personality, but also to trace the relationship and the impact of extralinguistic and linguistic factors on the formation process of linguistic identity. The purpose of this study is to identify the most important verb...

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the concept of destructive communication, propose a possible classification of the situations of destructive communication in discourse as well as analyze some language clues of destructiveness. Destructiveness is viewed as a discourse category represented by a body of linguistic and paralinguistic means of expression, the main function of which is the organization of communicative process. Destructive communication is aimed at deliberate and intentional infliction of moral ...

This article presents the research into the school of science-based copying of L.A. Durnovo and T.S. Scherbatova-Shevyakova as a single system, including analysis of stylistic, aesthetic and artistic features of painting as well as technological aspects. The school of copying, which was formed in Russia in the early 20th century and became a unique phenomenon of national culture, practically ceased to exist in the second half of the century. Russian museums have collections of the best fresco copies created in var...

The paper is devoted to the issues of placing the stress in multi-syllabic Russian and English words; this problem arises in the process of teaching English to bachelors studying in multinational groups (CIS, Afghanistan, Colombia, Cyprus, Iran, Mongolia, Nigeria, Peru, Syria, Somalia, Vietnam, Zambia) at the Institute of Law, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University). The purpose of this study is to reveal some factors of placing the stress in multi-syllabic Russian and English words correctly si...

A new insight into comprehensive research of rules and cognitive mechanisms of sense interaction within the edges of ongoing cross-cultural mediated communication has been provided by cognitive approach in modern linguistics and translation theory. Specific features and peculiarities within conceptual structuring of lexical units meaning in mediated discourse are of particular interest for investigation in the light of translation norm of adequacy and equivalence, along with speech act efficiency criteria. Our aim...

This article deals with the material from two archival Pelym-Russian dictionaries of Mansi language. The dictionaries were disclosed quite recently: the first one, compiled by Father Konstantin Slovtsov in 1905, was found in 2015 in The National Library of Finland; the second one, recorded by Archpriest Simeon Cherkalov in 1783, was found in the National Library of Russia in St Petersburg in 2017. Previously, none of these dictionaries was put into scientific usage. The Pelym dialect is one of the dialects of the ...

The article deals with some key characteristics of online tabloid text. The nature of realization and functioning of texts in tabloid media is largely based on a number of structural and semantic features primarily aimed at capturing audiences’ attention. This is often achieved via sensationalism, a category which is realized in text through several techniques used by author(s) in a way that could be referred to as manipulative, i.e. used deliberately to evoke certain emotions from the readers for a certain effect...

The paper is devoted to the study of the French punctuation system development and processes taking place in it currently. The views of researchers, regarding the criteria for punctuation marks and their classification, have been considered. Punctuation (broadly understood) is integrated into a system that includes not only traditional text punctuation marks, but also typographic graphic signs. There is a possibility for expanding the punctuation system of modern French. Contemporary French-speaking authors widely...

The article considers the language specificity within the culture of professional communication: the comparative study of verbal and semantic level of professional and business communication allows not only to establish the role of universal and idioethnic in the structure of professional linguistic personality, but also to trace the relationship and the impact of extralinguistic and linguistic factors on the formation process of linguistic identity. The purpose of this study is to identify the most important verb...

The article discusses the concept of text and textcentricity as the basic concepts of the applied linguistics. The article notes that the interest of scientists to the analysis of text is associated with the textcentricity of the humanities in general and of linguistics in particular, since the language system in the communication process is actualized not in an isolated sentence but in the texts of different types and purposes. We believe that the text, being the center of the humanities and determining its textc...

The study deals with the cognitive approach to investigation of sociocultural threats in Russia. Cognitive approach is understood in this article as a set of tools and methodologies used to identify in different types of discourse (news, fiction, academic) linguistic representations of threats as they are conceptualized and verbalized in modern Russian society. The purpose of the research is threefold: 1) to use the data of specially elaborated THREAT-corpus with the aim of identifying conceptual metaphors of thre...

Cognitive linguistics dealing with cognitive reflection on language considers the categorization and conceptualization as crucial for understanding the words and phrases in the figurative sense. People often use words not at the level of their meanings, but at the level of concepts and conceptual symptoms. The anthropocentric nature of expressing the time or other physical variables is obvious from the expression of the smallest unit of time: “okamih” – word which originated from two words: “mihnutie okom” what me...

Political discourse of social networks (and the discourse of Twitter in particular) exhibits a number of structural and semantic features that differentiate it from other political discourses. Such factors as multimodality, interactivity, immediacy and limitation on the message length affect the communication on Twitter in terms of what communicative strategies are used and how they are implemented. This study explores the linguistic and paralinguistic means employed by US presidential candidates Donald Trump and ...

Political sphere attracts the attention of representatives in various social sciences: economic theory, law, sociology, psychology and linguists; and especially translators. Socio-political translation is an important part of the translation. Nowadays socio-political translation is one of the most popular and demanded types of translation, due to the rapid development of international cooperation in various fields, active social changes and the increasing importance of political events in the world. In up-todays s...

Defining strategies for language manipulation in advertising has become particularly relevant in modern linguistics due to increased demand for the means of persuading potential buyers amid brisk competition in a saturated market. The purpose of the present research is to reveal linguistic tools of manipulating in English-language advertising. Theoretical background for the issue under investigation is based on the critical analysis of literature on modern linguistics and manipulation of customers. The linguistic ...

This paper focuses on captions for visuals as a specific type of scientific microtext and provides functional, semantic and structural analysis of this linguistic phenomenon in English scientific texts. For our research, we used captions for visuals in monographs and edited volumes, as well as collections of scholarly articles published in the last decades (1990-2010). Papers in scientific journals were deliberately ignored, because in this type of publications authors are generally restricted by the journal style...

The term “pragmatic marker” (PM) is suggested in the article for a certain category of discourse markers (DMs), typically occurring in spoken language, – those which almost completely lack their lexical meaning and do not influence the semantic content of their context; meanwhile, they verbalize the mental process of speech production. Nowadays, there is no unanimity in differentiating categories of DMs in special linguistic literature, so DMs embrace a wide range of heterogeneous subgroups of markers with differe...

The article examines professional communication of medical workers with consumers and other specialists of the medical industry over the Internet. The study was based on the descriptive method, including involved observation, the method of communicative-pragmatic analysis of discourse, and discourse analysis, through which communication was examined from different perspectives. Communication participants as well as speech strategies and tactics were also analyzed. The study made it possible to describe communicati...

This paper aims at exploring new methodologies that might render students’ approach to specialized discourse original and stimulating and is based on two third year courses I held at the University of Parma in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 for undergraduates reading modern languages. Despite the fact that specialised languages have long been perceived as the realm of a restricted group of people, very often we come across them in our daily lives (for instance, in the standing details we find in advertising as well as th...

Each written text could be considered as a sequence of symbols put up in groups organized in a certain order and assembled in a linear sequence, which is may be arranged horizontally or vertically. The existing methods of optical character recognition (OCR) aim at linear and vertical segmentation of written texts basing on interword spaces and intervals between letters as the demarcation markers of lexical units and characters respectively. This strategy is effective for many languages meanwhile building robust OC...

The article investigates the influence of the national-cultural specificity of speech behavior on the formation of expressive forms of address in the Russian language as well as in the Colombian and Costa Rican variants of the Spanish language. Groups of expressive addresses are distinguished depending on their semantic load, ways of transferring evaluativity and expressiveness; pragmatic factors affecting their formation and functioning are described, namely: evaluative-characterizing and emotivecharacterizing on...

On the example of the Civil Code Opchinska naredba od zlocsinstvah i njihovih pedepsah printed in Budim in 1788, which is in fact the translation of the Criminal Code by Joseph II originally entitled Allgemeines Gesetz über Verbrechen und derselben Bestrafung, it is possible to outline the ways in which the Age of Enlightenment influenced various aspects of life of all people in the empire, to show how the law and the punishment of felonies was regulated, and especially to track the historical development of the C...

The article highlights the problems of acculturation between the ancient Turks and the Eastern Slavs until the time of adoption of Christianity by the Slavs, that is, until 988 AD. In addition, article considers Pagan ideological paradigms between analyzed ethnos, which were equipolar, but were not identical. This process continued until there was a sharp turn in their destiny and history - orientation to new sacral systems that began in 988 under Vladimir I. Although the ancient Turkic tribes continued to be in t...

The aim of the research is to investigate various types of foreign language inclusions in Spanish scientific texts and to make an attempt to identify and categorize them. Foreign language text links are the relations between this particular text and a text corpus in other natural language, between different semiotic systems. Nowadays the world is in the process of constant development: year by year new discoveries are made in all the fields of science. There are also changes in almost every language of the world. ...

The purpose of this article is to prove the efficiency of innovative technology of teaching Russian as a foreign language, taking into account the specifics of precedent phenomena, i.e., units of discourse, which are understandable without additional explanations. The performed analysis made it possible to distinguish the following groups of precedent phenomena: autoprecedent phenomena (phenomena of the surrounding world); socially-precedent phenomena (known to every representative of a society); nationally-preced...

The article considers the importance of a syllable’s type and syllabic structure of words in languages of different types – analytical English, agglutinative Buryat and isolating Chinese – in light of creating the whole-system typology of languages. A strong case is made for the significance of lexicality and grammaticality of language as its typological determinant. Syllable’s structure is derivative from word’s structure and is dependent on word’s degree of lexicality or grammaticality. The paper aims to define ...

This paper is concerned with linguacultural peculiarities of slogans featured in advertising discourse. Advertising discourse finds its way into all kinds of institutional communication thanks to its thematically unrestricted nature, genre distinctiveness and its propensity to capture the most inconspicuous manifestations of the ever-changing world. This type of discourse is considered most exemplary as it can reflect the latest trends of socio-linguistic realia within a single slogan, which is viewed as a composi...