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THE SCHOOL OF SCIENCE-BASED COPYING OF L.A. DURNOVO AND Ò.S. SHCHERBATOVA-SHEVYAKOVA
Abstract
This article presents the research into the school of science-based copying of L.A. Durnovo and T.S. Scherbatova-Shevyakova as a single system, including analysis of stylistic, aesthetic and artistic features of painting as well as technological aspects. The school of copying, which was formed in Russia in the early 20th century and became a unique phenomenon of national culture, practically ceased to exist in the second half of the century. Russian museums have collections of the best fresco copies created in various periods by copyists belonging to certain copying workshops of Old Russian painting. Of particular documentary value are copies of paintings made in the temples before the destruction, making it possible not only scientific, virtual, but also a real reconstruction of the original system of decoration of the art ensemble. The value of this kind of creativity, based on the deep development of reproducible material, has become apparent in our days, when with the help of copies made in the first decades of the XX century, is painstaking revival of unique monuments of wall painting, destroyed during the Second world war.
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References19
1 Bulletin of the Imperial Archaeological Commission. Petrograd, 1918. Issue 66. (Voprosy Restavratsii, issue 19). Pp. 41-49, 72-76, 80-82, 82-83, 98-102, 110-112, 122-124, 168-177. Particularly pp. 82-83.
2 A brief report on the activities of the Russian Institute of Art History. B.v.d. P. 192. Twenty-one of twenty-four copies are in the collection of the Department of Old Russian Art, the State Russian Museum.
3 N.I. Tolmachevskaya..... See about N.I. Tolmachevskaya: Zemtsov S. Frescoes of Two Nations // Decorative Art of the USSR. 1966. No 8. Pp. 38-41;
3 Biographical Details of Copyists. Compiled by A.A. Maltseva, N.V. Pivovarova // Dionysius in the Russian Museum. To the 500th Anniversary of the Painting of the Nativity Cathedral, the Ferapontov Monastery. St Petersburg, 2002. P. 133.
4 L.A. Durnovo..... See about L.A. Durnovo: Lazarev V.N. Lydia Aleksandrovna Durnovo. In Memoriam // Vizantijskii Vremennik. 1963. Vol. XXIII. Pp. 322-323;
4 Stepanyan N.S. About Lydia Aleksandrovna Durnovo (1885-1963) // Durnovo L.A. Essays on the Fine Arts of Medieval Armenia. Moscow, 1979. Pp. 7-15;
4 Ashnin F.D., Alpatov V.M. The Case of Slavists: The 30s. Moscow, 1994. P. 231 and others;
4 Kyzlasova I.L. The History of the Russian Science on the Art of Byzantium and Ancient Rus. The 1920s-1930s. Based on archive materials. Moscow, 2000. P. 296. Note 16;
4 Biographical Details of Copyists. Compiled by A.A. Maltseva, N.V. Pivovarova. P. 131.
6 The workshop was situated in house No 7, apt. 7 in Galernaya Street, which belonged to the Institute. See: The Central State Archive of Literature and Art of St Petersburg, f. 82, op. 1, d. 119, l. 1 (Report on the Artistic and Copying Workshop, compiled by N.I. Tolmachevskaya on March 3, 1923).
7 For more details see: Maltseva A.A., Pivovarova N.V. On the history of the Collection of Fresco Copies in the State Russian Museum // The State Russian Museum. Pages of the History of Russian Art. 16th to 21st Century. St Petersburg, 2005. Issue XI. Pp. 33-51.
8 “The Prophet Elijah Fed by Ravens” (executed by E.P. Sachavets-Fedorovich), “The Archangel Uriel” (A.D. Stena), “The Prophet Moses” (copied by T.S. Shcherbatova), "The Saviour Not Made by Hands" (executed by Yu.N. Dmitriev), “The Agony in the Garden” (M.V. Kalfa), “The Beheading of St John the Baptist” (L.A. Durnovo). Four of these copies are kept in the State Russian Museum collection (the Department of Old Russian Art, Inventory No DR KF-6, 8, 9, 10), two others are in the State Tretyakov Gallery.
9 See: The Central State Archive of St Petersburg, f. 2555, op. 1, d. 801, l. 135 – 135 ob.
10 Manuscript Archive of the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, f.2, op. 1 (1920), d. 26, ll. 1, 9.
11 They are kept in the collection of the Department of Old Russian Art, the State Russian Museum, Inventory No DR PM-6910.
12 They are kept in the collection of the Department of Old Russian Art, the State Russian Museum, Inventory No DR KF-271, 272, 518.
15 “Prince Yaroslav Presenting the Church to Christ” (kept in the collection of the Department of Old Russian Art, the State Russian Museum, Inventory No DR KF-203);
15 “The Archangel Michael” (kept in the collection of the Department of Old Russian Art, the State Russian Museum, Inventory No DR KF-202).
17 Shcherbatova-Shevyakova T.S. Nereditsa Church: Murals in the Saviour Church on Nereditsa. Moscow, 2004.
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