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Working conditions are permanently changing across all European countries, and this is mainly due to the development of technology. It is well-known that nowadays workplaces and work practices go through constant changes under the influence of new technology and of shifting economic and social conditions. Given the great variations that are registered from year to year in the very same member state, the harmonisation of the working conditions at the level of the European Union seems to be an objective almost impos...

Cooperation among ASEAN members at work bears the stamp of a special Asian civilizational approach to international law. For the regional community ASEAN is important to combine the ideal and optimal, legal and social values and practices that will help protect the interests and rights of workers, including migrant workers. Feature of the international legal regulation of labour within ASEAN is predominantly extra-contractual nature of the adopted acts, whether the ASEAN Declaration on the Protection and Promotion...

From among all the possible forms of establishing employment relationship only the indefinite-term employment contract guarantees the employee the widest scope of protection as regards the permanence of the employment relationship. Challenges of the contemporary labour market cause increasing popularity of the untypical forms of employment. The fixed term employment contracts may in certain cases meet the needs of both parties in the employment relationship. On the other hand in practice they are often overused by...

The present article is devoted conflicts western and non-western legal cultures and to possible ways of their overcoming. This research is possible with application of following methods: compare-legal approach, a history-legal method and synergetic approach.

We would have expected perhaps that the surprising statement made in 1997 by a French author, H. Le Nabasque - who, quite directly, did not hesitate to say that «the European company law is not a right of mobility of companies» – to become today an outdated paradox. And yet, while the right of secondary establishment (externalized through the companies'prerogative to establish subsidiaries, branches, agencies on the territory of Member States - other than the State of origin) became a real benefit of the inter...

In 2009, Malaysia lost the case of Salvors Sdn Bhd v. Malaysia, which resulted from a dispute over an investment agreement between Malaysia and the investor, a company owned and controlled by a British citizen. The investment agreement was to locate and salvage the wreck of the ship Diana off the coast of Melaka, a state of Malaysia. The dispute arose over the investor's additional claim of RM400,000, which the various Government departments refused to entertain. The matter was first taken to ad hoc arbitration, w...

Reexamination is an extraordinary remedy rooted in a long tradition of the Romanian procedural law, being acknowledged even before the issue of the 1865 Civil Procedure Code. This procedure was inspired from the Genovese and French laws, where reexamination was known under the name requete civile since 1667. This means of appeal is not specific to Romanian legislation, being used in other procedural rules, but it may be compared mostly to the French procedure. The paper focuses on how the procedure is regulated in...

With the accession of Romania and Bulgaria to the European Union, a number of EU Council regulations take precedence over the national law and they have direct and immediate applicability in the trials that the courts are judging from these two countries. Creating an area of freedom, security and justice in which it is insured the free movement of persons is an objective of the European Union, and for that, in the domain of judicial cooperation in civil matters, each state has taken legislative measures. Our study...

In this article the Author studies the fundamental components of the European legal y social consciousness, which formed the European identity and civilization in the Middle Ages. The object of the research is the legal sphere of the social consciousness from the point of view of legal psychology, history of law, theory of law and from the point of view of the social sciences and humanities. Therefore, the Author applies some interdisciplinary methods. The studied components of the legal consciousness in the resea...

The article analysis the procedural powers of the prosecutor at the stage of checking the received information about the crime. The analysis has been carried out taking into account the latest amendments in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, affecting the procedural status of the prosecutor at the initial stage of the criminal procedure, i.e. at the stage of criminal case initiation. The author examined three areas of prosecutor's supervision at this stage of investigation: prevention, detectio...

This article discusses issues related to the interdisciplinary research in law. In particular, the article focuses on interdisciplinary challenges related to research methods and concepts developed in economic science and used by company law scholars. In the scholarship of company law it has become traditional to combine comparative method (the main purpose of which is to compare the laws of different countries) and company law theory (explaining or providing arguments why certain relationships should be regulated...

The article analyzes the term “information” and its usage in the Russian labor law. The author notes that different synonyms are used in the labor law of the Russian Federation, particularly, the concepts of information, intelligence and data. The author describes various classifications of information, such as classifications based on institutes and subjects of the labor law, as well as based on availability of information. Moreover, the role of information in the Russian labor law is demonstrated.

History of human society is driven by mutuality of continuity and discontinuity. The manner in which society keeps its permanent inner order and passes it on further generations is realized substantially via law, legal norms and concepts. On the other hand, law is confronted by the changing conditions for its application in practice, and it has to adjust to the situations it regulates. Therefore, in law, just like in society, there is being drawn a line between the obsolete and new, a line between the world of the...

The aim of the research undertaken by author is to define the essence of two axiological values – justice and humanism – in the criminal proceedings from the point of view of their genesis, context, influence on historical types of criminal procedure system and adoption in the international law standards on human rights and in the modern criminal procedure law. Its methodology included both the general scientific methods and the specific juridical methods of cognition. The main results of the research include ...

Using scientific knowledge from security in the Economy is not very frequented activity. The trade as important part of today economy and a part of its circular flow has many socio-economics functions. The retail is the endpoint of this distribution process. The attractiveness and the values of retail are grand enticement for many persons and parties, especially crime groups. The retail business claim adequate preserves. The ORC is a synonym for Organized Retail Crime, the sophisticated crime in retail sector in m...

Given its importance for health services, the pharmaceutical sector is subject to strict regulations. The existing regulatory framework in this area should not include unnecessary regulatory constraints restricting and limiting competition. Considering this fact, this article analyzes the existing control in competition law on the pharmaceutical market achieved at EU level. This paper aims to present the complex mechanisms of the pharmaceutical sector that have undergone a careful and consistent analysis both the ...

We consider many of the punishments from the antiquity as brutal and shocking, as we often forget that the humanist principle (humanitas) is relatively new in the history of mankind. There are 34 crimes that the Code of Hammurabi punishes with the death penalty, however death penalty is still in effect today, in some countries. Roman law has experienced a great variety of punishments such as: unequal combat versus a skilled warrior; scourging, poena cullei (the “sack punishment”); exile; branding on the forehe...

Given the strong impact of European Union law on domestic tax legislation, the aim of this paper is to assess whether such an impact and to what extent may be identified regarding the domestic procedural tax regulation. Despite general application and acceptance of principle of procedural autonomy of Member States, we are of the opinion that the above mentioned impact in this sphere is somehow underestimated. By use of the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and historical method, we would like to identify ...

This paperdiscussesthe history and the current situationof New China's human right education at university,reflects on the existingproblems of the current situationof New China's human right education, and tries to give some suggestions for its futuredevelopment. A lack of human right education at university fora long period since the new China was founded. Human right education appeared at university inthe 1990s, and developed quickly in the recent decade. Many colleges and universities of China open the human ri...

In any migration process of people are concerned about human rights issues, but the EU - also with regard to the rights for cross-border freedom of movement in the EU citizens Institute. Human regulatory framework has the most direct influence and importance in part of state borders and border control regulatory framework that applies to the major components of the state border regime - the order in which people and goods crossing national borders. The research was conducted in during period 2012 to 2014 using ana...

This paperdiscussesthe nature, connotation of the right to learn and itsrelationship with other relevantrightsby thenormativeanalysis, positive analysisand comparativeanalysis. itargues that the right to learn is a fundamental human right,which can be summarized as a personal right toacquire knowledge,to increase human's wisdom and to fully develop their potential through a variety of learning approaches and activities. With the arrival of the era of learning,the notion “right to education” can not meet thedev...

Despite the progress registered by the Romanian political culture, the democratic balance remains fragile due to the low participation of citizens to the associative life and political decision, and in the same time, one can't yet rely on the fact that political actors position themselves impersonally towards the formal institutional practice. Romanian democracy frequently encounters challenges coming from the political actors – who tend to adjust the functioning mode of the consecrated democratic institutions a...

The paper presents different views of the threats posed to Swedish security as well as diverging stances on further development of the state's defense and security policy within the context of the recent heated debates among the Swedish political elite. Particular attention is paid to the current direction of the Stockholm's security policy that represents a non-alignment strategy in combination with close collaboration within the frameworks of NATO and is highly unlikely to be changed after the forthcoming parlia...

EU energy security discourse took a new path during recent years and more then accessibility to foreign fossil resources, new issues related to electricity markets and environmental security aroused. However, in our article we argue that these two issues are far from being independent as, despite all the progress, fossil fuels were responsible for some half of electricity generation in EU in 2013. With respect to multiple attempts to conceptualize framework for examining energy security that recommend ultidimensio...

The study aims to examine the role of reform of state apparatus in the process of consolidations of democracy. By applying a theoretical framework of Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan (five arenas of consolidation) on the development in Brazil, the author outlines the relationship between the reform of bureaucratic apparatus and the development of the other four arenas: civil society, political society, rule of law and economic society. The paper undertakes a description of the reforms of state apparatus Brazil and anal...

The creation of a common European Union energy market aims at creating conditions of unrestrained and flexible exchange of electricity and natural gas among Member States (MS). The aim to the article is to evaluate the condition of the gas infrastructure of EU MS in the scope of concepts of the creation of a internal gas market. The analysis of the capacity of the existing interconnectors will allow to determine the potential level of natural gas exchange among MS.In view of these facts the question regarding the ...

The countries of the Visegrad Group (V4) are dependent on the natural gas import from Russia which uses the supplies of this raw material to achieve its political goals. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the demand for natural gas, its extraction and the import structure in the V4 countries. The indexes of the energy security and the levels of concentrations on the V4 markets have been compared. The conclusions drawn from the research analysis are to determine the activities that are to increase the energy s...

The working is devoted to a critique of the liberal rethinking such nodal categories for the Russian science though (philological, linguistic, philosophical, ethnological and others) as the Russian nation, nationality and Russian idea. Rethinking is carried out by the liberal authors under influence of the American mythologism, pragmatism, the concept of conditional (conventional) linguistic sign. The methods of the application in the USA mentioned artificial concepts were introduced in social life and politics lo...

Within the framework of the pivotal reforms of administrative governance the process of decentralization has acquired a new momentum in Kazakhstan under the challenges of the new century. It is linked to the fact that decentralization leads to optimization of public functions and facilitates a more rational model of inter-budget relations that ensure the sustainable operation on all levels of state institutions. We should admit that in Kazakhstan movement towards decentralization goes by leaps and bounds. The obje...

Cultural pessimism is one of the typical features of right-wing political extremism. It plays also a pivotal role in the research presented here which was focused on the construction of identity of activists from the extremist scene in Central Europe. A method used in the research was a narrative interview with leaders of extremist movements and parties in Central Europe. Narrators were telling their life stories and then were asked, how they reflect contemporary society. In telling their life stories narrators sh...

A lot of countries have implemented e-government initiatives to further enhance public sector efficiencies and streamline governance systems to support sustainable development. Though there are enough studies in the area of e-government, development of e-government in the countries of the Eastern Border of the European Union (EU) has not been investigated yet. E-government level and tendencies of its development in the Eastern Border of the European Union during the period of 2003–2012 are analysed in this artic...

The study aims to examine the role of reform of state apparatus in the process of consolidations of democracy. By applying a theoretical framework of Linz and Stepan (five arenas of consolidation) on the development in the Czech Republic, the author outlines the relationship between the reform of bureaucratic apparatus and the development of the other four arenas. The paper undertakes a description of the unsuccessful attempts to reform state apparatus in the Czech Republic that led to the formation of the client ...

This paper deals with the problems of corporate social responsibility (CSR) business in the territorial aspect. The main emphasis is on the analysis of the essence of CSR and the specificity of its manifestations in Russian business. Indicates the trend of formation and development of the Russian model of CSR. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of corporate social responsibility core enterprises located in mono. Calculation of the authors' methodology and proposed set of indicators to assess the level of...

Military education system is recently challenged by negative trends such as demographic with lower part of young generation, financial with diminishing defense budgets as well as growing civilian universities sector. Those long-term circumstances change military education and training itself to a new format leaving university ambitions and to focus to military training only using absolvents graduated at civilian universities.

Our study deals with relatively unexplored problem of corruption in sport, while Czech and Slovak football serve as a model. It proves and concludes that corruption in this area is most probably far reaching, while most cases of corruption will remain undetected. While introducing the main instruments, we proceed from the standard economic theory of corruption and conclude that key areas to improve are the level of risk exposure of corruption behavior (i.e. increasing “costs” of corruption) and appeal to chang...

The article presents study on determinants of development of the employment of people with disabilities in Poland. There were carried out 197 In-Depth Interviews among employers to diagnose determinants of motivation of employment of people with disabilities and related barriers and difficulties. Analysis of collected data were carried out with exploratory factor analysis to identify relations between measured variables.

Background: Numerous surveys report the rising number of workplace violence incidents. Eight European social partner organisations operating in a range of sectors in which employees are exposed to third-party violence in the employment relationship have now adopted a supplementary set of Multi-sectoral guidelines to tackle work-related third-party violence and harassment. The prevalence of client-initiated occupational violence in health and social services has motivated us search for causes of this destructive be...

Collapse of the USSR and the world socialist system, that happened more than twenty years ago actualized processes of implementation of national models of political modernization related to democratization and liberalization of society and state. Russia implements etatist model of political modernization, involving, on the one hand, the structural and functional modernization of the Russian state as a political institute, and on the other - the production of specific mechanisms of interaction between government an...

At the beginning of the XXI century is actualized the task of political analysis of general and specific characteristics of the manifestation of the threats and risks inherent to the life of societies and states, members of the European Union, as well as Russia, constantly and deliberately positioning itself as the largest country of Eurasia. From our point of view, in Russia due to genetic relationship with Western civilization, which theoretically justified the possibility of the socialist experiment, there are ...

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the voting behaviour of the Bulgarians and Romanians in the European elections, in order to identify the similarities and the differences regarding the results, the rate of the electoral participation and the interest for these elections. To that effect, we stress out the disparities between the declared enthusiasm of the population concerning the European elections (and their countries' integration in the European Union in general) and the discouraging voter turnout, at t...

Hungary joined World War II alongside Germany in order to get back its territories lost at the end of World War I. However, the co-operation was only partial: the Hungarian Government did not fulfil several German claims (using the entire armed forces at the front lines, German control over the economy, and deportation of the Jews). In 1943, Hungary started secret negotiations with the Western Allies in order to quit the war, and in September, it accepted the preliminary conditions of an armistice. The Carpathian ...

The European Union is a very dynamic organization, which from the time of its formation until now, has undergone legal and institutional reforms. From the 1990's, the interest of the EU has been very dynamic in supporting the Republic of Macedonia and the Western Balkan countries in the process of political and economic transformation; during this period, the EU began develop a regional approach to the Western Balkans. Macedonia's key relations with the European Union date back to the year 1996 and continues to th...

This study aims to analyze differences between gender attitudes of migrants and local population in 8 countries of Western and Northern Europe. It tests whether migrants from developing countries, especially from the Muslim world, tend to follow European trends in their attitude towards gender equality or they tend to treat gender equality issues in the same manner as in their countries of origin. This topic is of particular importance as attitudes towards women's rights are proven to be a strong predictor of supp...

In the wake evolving crisis in the Crimea, the other side of the Black Sea descended into political turmoil. Demonstrations calling for resignation of de facto President took the streets of de facto state of Abkhazia, a region of “frozen” conflict since 1992. The subject of analysis of this article is to uncover factors that formulated the attitudes of conflict parties toward each other, conceptualization of this armed conflict by Georgian administration and Abkhazian political elites, as well as changes in th...

The dynamical development of the Slovak economy called for the realisation of the variety of changes in the field of the Slovak enterprise management. The building of the economy based on the knowledge became the building of the organisation oriented in the active application of the knowledge, skills and informations. The above fact actually relates also to the control of the bodies of the public self-government and territorial self-government. The Government is fully aware of the fact that Slovakia needs a proper...

In the Czech Republic new non-profit nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) were established and replaced the previous centrally-controlled state organizations since 1989. Currently, over 100 thousand are registered there. Since this time NGOs are developing together with their mutual cooperation with profit organizations. It forms social pillar in corporate social responsibility concept. The cooperation is supported indirectly by state with tax base reduction in case of financial gifts provided to NGOs. The coopera...

While sovereignty remains a hallmark of the increasingly globalized international system, the major powers are in particularly interested in offering directions to global politics, by taking the lead in formulating goals and policies, and thus promoting their vision. The present paper considers that these plans can be regarded in the terms of “hegemonic” enterprises - projects directed by a great power/ group of great powers for influencing other states through the interaction rules and public goods provided. ...

The paper devotes to the problem of the development of information technologies in the States of Sub-Saharan Africa. Western companies use the lack of financial and technical resources as an effective instrument to force African countries to start the liberalization of their ICT sector and to choose the Western pattern of the development. That's why the author argues that the national government should elaborate the legislative rules in order not only to regulate the activities of private companies but to put unde...

The paper deals with the management of employeesВґ performance in the institutions of the state administration of the Slovak Republic and its comparison with selected OECD countries. The possibilities to enhance the performance of the state administration employees were depicted on the basis of the survey carried out on a sample of 192 respondents of the Financial administration of the Slovak Republic (FASR). In this context, the research question was formulated and its answer may identify current motivation of em...

Under the condition of forcing industrial and innovative processes and creation of UEA there is an objective need to develop scenarios for the competitiveness of uniting the key strategic provisions of programs of modernization of economy of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. Changing the structure of the economy becomes an obligatory condition to overcome the negative structural trends, especially in the fuel and energy and food complex, but as above-mentioned, in the absence of energy and food export-import policy ...