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The results of empirical investigation of the specific features of children and adults’ behavior in the situations of physical and psychical strain are presented in the article. The phenomenon of steady transfer of the complicated situations by the personality is connected with the pattern of self-restriction. It is shown that self-restriction is a way to overcome internal personal conflict within the trichoyomy of “I want – I cannot – I need to”. This pattern is mastered by the children and adolescents when they ...

Prostitution is a subject that raises an intense debate in all the societies. Nowadays, the discussion exists as to whether it is work like any other or exploitation of women. In this sense, we can find a discourse that considers it as a free activity between adults and so defends its existence and another view that considers prostitution one of the patriarchal practices that has to disappear before achieving equality. The debate is polarized and intense in the academic and activist scene, but little is known abou...

Children and adolescents with HIV are prone to neurological and psychological problems, not only due to the drugs they take, but also because of stigma, prejudice and discrimination that this disease frequently involves (New, Lee, & Elliot, 2007). Studies show that they present more behavioural and learning problems and reveal attention deficit (Armstrong et al., 1993; Brouwers et al., 1998). The main goal of this study was to assess emotional and behavioural problems of children and adolescents infected with HIV,...

The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between attitudes toward the tax system, the financial risk propensity and tax morality among entrepreneurs and employees. According to the results of the previous studies, positive tax attitude, manifesting in e.g. the belief that the long-term tax benefits are proportionate to the tax burden, has a positive effect on tax paying. However, it can be assumed that the propensity to take risk in the financial area, in particular the stimulating risk (taken no...

The aim of this article is to give a theoretical overview of the problem dealing with manager?s personality, personal characteristics, personal and work burden and, last but not least, coping with difficult situations and burden in management. Among partial aims of this article include the specification of chosen features of manager role and evaluation of alternative solutions to stress situations. The present study introduces our own research, experimental evaluation of working hypothesis, evaluation of research ...

Adolescence is a period of vulnerability for risk behaviours such as substance use or unprotected sexual activities that pose significant threats to the health and wellbeing. A nationally representative sample of 3,524 high school seniors was included in our study. A self-administered online questionnaire assessed the health-related risk behaviours such as substance use, sexual behaviours and suicidal history. Overall results indicated that risk behaviours prevalence was higher among Romanian adolescents compared ...

The myth of emotional dependence in victims of gender-based violence women is explored in this paper in a sample of Psychology undergraduates. The dependent personality diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV are taken as reference, such as is formulated by the IPDE (International Personality Diagnostic Examination). Identifying these beliefs, patriarchal and socially constructed shared in future professionals of psychology, we will outline the need for specialized gender training for appropriate intervention for this probl...

The objective of this work is to contribute to validation of the Meyer and Allen Commitment Questionnaire for the call centre population in Portugal. According to the authors, organizational commitment is a psychological state, a mindset, a dependent variable that explains the link between individual and organization. Eighteen hundred employees (32.1% male; 56.9% female; M = 31.12 years, DP = 8.91) answered the Affective and Continuance scales of the tool. We carried out exploratory factor analysis with 30% of tea...

Prevention and eradication of corruption which becomes increasingly complex requires a multidiscipline approach; one of which is a psychological approach. It is often debated whether salary and family situation, as well as the way individuals place themselves in the relational context between self and others, influence individuals’ moral emotions (corruption tendency). This research aimed to address that question by using a quantitative, predictive correlational design. Participants of this study were 308 civil se...

Article is devoted to a problem of formation of independence to the teens which are in a situation of family trouble. The purpose of research ? to identify characteristics of independence of teenagers from dysfunctional families in comparison with adolescents from healthy families. Methods are used in research: the theoretical analysis of a problem of development of the identity of the child in dysfunctional family, poll, testing, conversation, the ?*-test. In this paper analyzed the importance of family in the fo...

Background: For cancer patients, all aspects of life are influenced negatively. Several factors associated with QOL dimensions, such as age, fatigue, depression, anxiety, perceived social support have been identified. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine demographic and psychosocial factors (anxiety, depression, social support, mastery) and their influence on the quality of life (QOL) among gynaecologic cancer patients. Methods: 211 gynaecologic cancer patients (cervix, endometrium – 115; breasts –...

The effort to know and minutely analyze the neuropsychological developmentin children must accompany any educational intervention, because child’s stimulation towards the specific evolving trends will lead to the early emergence of its positive effects, while an intervention that doesn’t comply with the developmental laws and trends may be considered by the psychic system as a perturbing factor. Due to its extension to other scientific fields, too, sports psychology has constantly passed through major developments...

The aim of this research is to verify if the Organizational Cooperation Questionnaire [1] fits the previous factorial structure when applied to a large sample of call centre operators. Cooperation has been considered a key-concept for organizational effectiveness. This importance is valid in different industries and levels of organizational functioning. Eighteen hundred employees in Call Centres (32.2% male; 56.7% female; M = 31.06 years, DP = 8.82) answered the Organizational Cooperation Questionnaire. We perform...

Motivation of addicted clients is perceived as a part of the “essential treatment-related perceptions” complex. The level of motivation when entering treatment significantly influences the duration of treatment and its outcome. Therefore, motivation is very important and the knowledge of particular components essentially influences possible interventions and maintenance of abstinence of an addicted person. We also suppose that it can be a predictor of premature dropout. One of cited components is external motivati...

People strongly prefer options with exact probabilities of outcomes to those with uncertain probabilities, expressing ambiguity aversion. Its manifestations are reflected in various domains of real-life decisions, particularly among monetary choices. Recent research suggests amplification of ambiguity avoidance under social influence, however with several methodological limitations. Therefore, we tested the effects of accountability and responsibility on aversion towards ambiguity in two between-subject experiment...

The first part of the article reviews researches conducted at psychiatric hospital Kromeriz at the department for neurotics in the first psychotherapy community for persons with neurosis in Czech Republic. Therapists of two departments of this hospital conducted dramatherapy sessions and followed these researches by their own study focused on evaluation of dramatherapy process. The article presents the results of the investigation of validity of the evaluation rating used in this hospital during dramatherapy sessi...

Lie detection through nonverbal behavior is not a standard m ethod, but it is intuitive process, applied by lay persons and professionals. In our research we are interested in the ability of different professional groups to detect lie this way. As a part of this research we also follow certain characteristics that m ight differentiate between more and less successful persons. We focus on different cues they follow in their decision making process and certain stereotypes they might use during their decision. In ano...

The article address research focused on differences of the social support extent, which is considered a protective factor dependent on the scope of cyberbullying in adolescent groups. In particular, it concerns the social support provided by parents, friends, schoolmates, and teachers. The research has been realized in year 2014 on the sample consisting of 200 adolescent students of Slovak universities (68 man 132 women) by means of the Questionnaire of social support for children and adolescents (2002). The quest...

The main aim of this article is to aquaint the readers with the history of women in Wladyslaw Heinrich’s laboratory of experimental psychology at the Jagiellonian University. I will present historical background and women education and their activity at the Jagiellonian University and I and also a bried description of the founder of the Laboratory, Wladyslaw Heinrich. In the end of the XIX century Galician universities started to solve a problem of the higher education for women. After several years of researches ...

Cognitive impairment and dementia are the problems of great importance in neurology, psychology, neuropsychology, psychiatry and clinical linguistics. Causes for cognitive impairment and dementia are various: Alzheimer’s disease, vascular diseases (Binswanger’s disease, CADASIL – Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy, etc.), dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal degeneration, Huntingtons disease, Creutzfeldt’s – Jakob’s disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes,...

In this paper we discuss the relationship of motivation and faculty members’ willingness to innovate. Our main contention is that willingness to innovate determined by the type of employee motivation. Each type of motivation corresponds to a type of willingness to innovate.

The purpose of this study is to accentuate the problems of describing pain by neurological bilingual patients according to the McGill Pain Questionnaire, which is used all over the world to measure and evaluate pain in neurology, anesthetics and clinical linguistic studies, to prove the necessity to translate, create and validate other questionnaires which could help to reveal the origin of pain. Our article also contains additional descriptions of pain that are not connected with the MPQ or other questionnaires, ...

Background: The health care sector is a major employer. Great attention will be paid to health care professionals as a result of the increasing demand for health care due to an aging population. The nursing profession forms the majority amongst medical staff. It is a profession involving both physical and mental demands. The research focuses on the rate of burnout syndrome, motivation factors of Herzberg’s two-factor motivation theory and their mutual relationship amongst general nurses working at the General Univ...

TSKBM vigilance control system is designed to maintain locomotive drivers wakeful during work shift. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of this system by simulating work conditions at night. The simulation was performed on 30 participant train drivers in a specialized training complex "Drivers compartment of EP1M locomotive”, which allowed to register operation errors; continuous video recording and electroencephalography were used as additional control. At the end of a simulated trip, participan...

The aim of study was to find predictors of psychological critical thinking in university students. We have hypothesed that the main factors which could predict the level of critical psychological thinking will be cognitive competence, scientific thinking, learning approach, and academic achievement. As methods of data gathering were used the self-referencing techniques (Lawson’s test of psychological critical thinking, Magno’s scientific thinking inventory, Approaches to Studying Inventory developed by Tait, Entwi...

The aim of this paper was to describe the possible relationships between internet addictive behaviour, daily time of using the social networks and some variables about users (age, sense of real time, self-confidence in virtual environment and boredom susceptibility). The sample, comprising 306 slovak university students (102 males, 204 females), was divided into three age-groups (18-20 years, 21-23 years, 24 and more). The respondents were administered the questionnaire, consists of 20-item Internet Addiction Test...

The paper describes selected results of a longitudinal research study focusing on the changes in the attitudes of the students of the Faculty of Education, Palacky University, Olomouc (referred to as FE PU) to a wider educational reality. The research study was performed on a sample of 809 respondents. The respondents were students of the same fields of study in two consecutive stages in 2006/2007 (grade 1) and 2009/2010/2011/2012 (final grades). The aim of the first research stage was, using a simplified standard...

The article deals with problems of urban and rural population standards of living in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). This study aims at research of level of the general satisfaction by standards of living and exposure of the sphere of activity, defiant discomfort of urban people and villagers. The study used the following methods: questionnaire study of the quality of life of urban and rural population (K.E. Steinbach, Zhirkov O.G.), the method of "assessment of the level of satisfaction with quality of life" of N.E...

This article presents the results of the study of the ethnic identity as a component of the social identity of the Russian and Armenian school students. The study found that the majority of the teenagers of both nationalities have their ethnic identity formed, while in both samples the positive identity dominates, there is an ethnic indifference also. In comparison with the Armenian teenagers the Russian teenagers are characteristical to have a more positive attitude towards their own ethnic identity and readiness...

The article discusses the phenomenon of discrimination based on appearance. Theoretical and experimental work of Russian and foreign researchers devoted to such varieties of discrimination as: lookism, ageism, discrimination based on weight (fat / slim) (weightism), discrimination on the rise (highism) and others, most of them comes from mass media. Provides empirical evidence for studying various aspects of discrimination in appearance. Analyzed interview of 170 women in two age groups: conventionally called "you...

This paper describes the use of a factor analysis to verify the factor structure of the semantic differential for measuring university students’ attitudes in various sociocultural environments. Specifically, the study focuses on the attitudes of students from Palacky University, Olomouc and students from the University of Rzeszow towards concepts related to their pre-graduate teacher training. The semantic differential method is a relatively frequent method used to measure attitudes in the Czech Republic and abroa...

This study aimed to investigate the way Psychology students (N = 161) are constructing and modifying a mental model regarding the Neuropsychology course. Following previous studies (Albrecht and O’Brien, 1993; Radvansky, Spieler & Zacks, 1993; Slama-Cazacu, 2002), we elaborated a questionnaire comprising a set of mental dimensions necessary for information processing (memory, emotion processing, motivation, temperament, character, context processing). For assessing their mental model, subjects were asked to answer...

In this study, we tried to determine the value of the ethno-cultural norms in socio-cultural and psychological adaptation of forced migrants. Hypothesis of the study is that the preservation of ethno-cultural norms in situations of forced migration contributes to the ethno-psychological well-being of migrants.

Background: The family is the primary scene of socialization therefore it determines the child’s development substantially. The style of the parents’ child rearing is one factor in the development process. This study examines three types of parenting styles: the dimension of support and affection, the dimension of restrictive control, and the dimension of overprotection. The child’s emotional and behavioral features relate strongly to the use of these strategies. The presence of rituals in the life of the family h...

The objective of this work is to contribute to validation studies of the Team Trust Questionnaire in a call centre environment. According to Costa and Anderson [1] trust can be understood as a collective phenomenon, and at a team level can be conceptualized as “a latent construct based on the individual’s own propensity to trust others on the perceived trustworthiness of the other team members” (p. 5). Eighteen hundred employees in a call centre service provider in Portugal answered the Questionnaire (32.1% male; ...

This paper presents the findings of an experiment conducted in an innovative way through the use of the most popular social network: Facebook. Exploiting the system of “like” and “share”, on which this online platform is based, thousands of artwork images were submitted to a sample of over 10,000 users worldwide. Through the metrics analysis related to the aesthetic choices expressed by the users, it was observed that viewers are inclined to react in the same way towards certain visual stimuli coming from the artw...

As a fundamental part of personality, behavior represents the modality of acting and reacting in certain circumstances or situations. Specialty literature describes three types of behavior: aggressive, assertive and nonassertive ones. The purpose of this paper is to construct the assertive behavior profile in performance sports, but also to highlight the behavioral differences, depending on the type of sport practiced by the subjects of our study (individual sports, team sports and combat sports). In order to achi...

The aim of our research. The article deals with the phenomenon of evaluation of ethno-cultural types of facial appearance from a position of the psychology of social knowledge, categorization of which is carried to a greater extent, on the basis of ordinary designations ("Caucasian facial appearance", "Slavic facial appearance", "Asian facial appearance"). These designations types of facial appearance penetrate into various spheres of life and are one of reasons of discrimination against members of ethno-cultural ...

Becoming-a-person processes have been the issue of a heated discussion in modern Russian psychology for recent years. Two major theories existing on the issue are the concept of personalization (V.A. Petrowsky, 1981) and the concept of personification (A.B. Orlov, 1995). Both theories regard personalization process as the realization of an individual’s need to be a person (to become a personality); but the personification concept considers an alternative personification process, regarded to realize the need of an ...

There have been some researches and scientific publications on professional burnout for different professions in Latvia, but for special education teachers are just studies based on another countries experience, who cannot give a precise overview on the Latvian special teacher professional burnout level. The aim of the Research is to identify professional burnout, find out the level of professional burnout, special educators, and to find out whether there are differences in the level of burnout for special teacher...

The purpose of this research is to deepen previous studies of the psychometric properties of the Organizational Recognition of the Contributive Uniqueness Questionnaire (ORCUQ) [1], through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with a larger sample than that previously used. Contributive uniqueness is the unique contribution of each individual to the team’s functioning when working cooperatively. The uniqueness of individuals seems to be, on one hand, an individual need, and on the other hand a characteristic which c...