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The research examines the success of implementation of theoretical basis of modern urban typologies in Split, particularly of the thesis that new social environments can achieve spatial and sensorial characteristics similar to those in the town's historic core. The research approaches street as a paradigm of public space in the context of the new city area from 1970s, the so-called Split 3, as well as in the context of the historic core. Insight into the urbanistic plans of Split 3 and both theoretical and practic...

The Middle-Ages can be considered as the affirmation of Europe as the center of civilization, and the Gothic style as the manifestation of this affirmation.In the European context, Portugal is born with the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors, and its recognition as an independent country coincides with the appearance of the Gothic style.The Gothic had two means of assertion in Portugal: The scholarly path, expressed in the foreign influence of the Cistercian Gothic of Alcobaca as well as the flamboya...

An urban arterial, collector or local street must be geometrically and functionally designed, i.e. not only considering the occupation of the physical space but also the capacity and level of service provided, that is directly related with the perception of the user. The pavement is an element of the urban infrastructure that also has a fundamental effect on the perception of the user, for instance on the ride quality (regularity and skid resistance of the surface), visibility and especially on the interventions f...

From an architectural office, that was founded to become the antidote to the star-architecture, here there are three herotic names on the cat walk of the contemporary architecture; Rem Koolhaas, as the founder of OMA, Winy Maas as the founder of MVRDV and finally Bijark Ingles as the founder of BIG. The beginning of 1990's is the time of the capital market changes the hand by the neo-liberalism; inter connected networks, known generally as the internet, start to be called as internet, which will be the new space o...

In the architectural practice, the correct ideas - being property of all - are naturally assimilated and its validation is guaranteed by the evidence of the facts in the building. This way, the good ideas result in good practice, decoding a “modus faciendi” inherent to the discipline of architecture, where the passage of time does lead to its own tradition. But when the craving of innovative and different ideas, absurd ideas arise, what legitimacy has the architect to persuade the client, or even being persuad...

This article is meant to provide a brief overview of the recently emerging trend in sustainable architecture - the using of locally available, often unprocessed materials to construct fully functioning, modern residential architecture. From the use of garbage as filler in concrete, to structures made of compressed earth found on-site that are not only pleasing to the eye, but also offer high quality insulation properties, architects and engineers are rediscovering seemingly primitive materials and design solutions...

For designing process in single family houses many think that is the simplest thing in designing. But they often do not bear in mind that the architect has to collaborate with the potential user of the house. This collaboration must be effective, so that the process continues in the desired direction. In this sphere the architect has to think about the user's needs and wishes and the architectural landscape where the object will be placed, as well as on the spatial legislation in that area. Combining all that in o...

In recent years the international community has begun to focus on the dangerous state of conservation of Buddhist heritage in the SwДЃt Valley (Pakistan). Not only are these religious complexes abandoned and decaying, they are also subject to attacks and destruction. However local populations and the international community both appear disinterested in this issue. The scope of this research is to contribute to the archaeological history of SwДЃt and the architecture of GandhДЃra. The study, involving a survey and ...

Space does not occur only as a physical structure, also occurs with human activity, such as the occurrence of public spaces. They find meaning with human activities beside their definition by boundaries and design. The emergence of public spaces by human activity also helps to reach to a level of political human identity from the level of being human. In this study, spatial footprints of this mutual existence are read through social movements. Urban spaces are not considered only with their physical features but a...

The concept of sustainable development is based on the development of appropriate relations between the economic growth and the care for the environment and human health. Implementation of a sustainable construction investment, a housing investment included, should principally provide its investors with benefits, but at the same time it should minimise the burden for the environment and the negative impact upon the society. In Poland already as early as in 1990 a document State Ecological Policy was drawn up. It c...

Demographic change and economic decline modify the patterns of urban land use. Shrinking cities are the subject of intense international debate and numerous academic and government studies. However, neither thorough scholarly understanding of the urban shrinkage phenomenon nor proven urban strategies for its mitigation have been achieved. Characterized by the incipient stages of urban sprawl in a context of acute population loss, the un-sustainability of Romanian urban development is unequivocal. Social and econom...

The power of capitalist demands from architects necessitates reconsidering the social role of architecture especially in the curricula of architectural design studios. Contrary to the conception that inflexible demands limit student creativity, this study aims to question whether these limitations are opportunities for students to discover the function of architectural solutions for a social purpose in individual, communal and urban scales. The research was conducted for the 2014 Spring Semester's experience in a ...

Contemporary building materials manufacturers compete with each other in searching for a new concrete mixtures to increase the attractiveness of this material at all levels. Success can be seen in terms of life span of the products, appearance and structural strength. In the past few years, concrete has also gained a reputation as one of the most environment friendly building materials. It is difficult to decide how much of this is due to efficient marketing efforts of the manufacturers but there is no doubt, that...

The latter third of the 19th Century was the golden age of balneotherapy on the Iberian Peninsula. Sea or wave baths along the Spanish coastline, which have now disappeared and are unknown in the current architectural panorama, are captured on a plethora of postcards and advertising posters that used photography, which was fully developed throughout Spain, as a means of promoting the culture of bathing. Through photography we are now able to see what these absent structures looked like, and to understand the esthe...

Understanding the genesis of urban landscape defined by fields/urban matrix, lines and points in time continuum is crucial as a pre-method for composing new structures concerning their position, form and purpose. Ston urban landscape has been formed spontaneously and by planning throughout a long period of time. It developed into an organised whole of landscape and its structures. That harmonious unity is in constant change. Such time-spatial dynamics ought to be accepted as a precondition for contemporary design,...

This study looks at the ways how spatial identity of neighbourhoods is formed and considers implications that may be stated for policies seeking the ways to improve and enhance their development in future. The area of Bolderaa neighbourhood in Riga, Latvia, is a typical historical neighbourhood of Riga, having gathered evidence from various phases of evolution of urban structure and urban design. Through the investigation of Bolderaa the study examines the results of changing urban shape, pattern and scale by time.

The continuous and accelerated change of the contemporary society leads to an uncertainty regarding the needs and aspirations of tomorrow. Under what parameters could we build for tomorrow if today's needs are already evolving? How many resources could we direct to the fulfilling of ever changing necessities? We imagine adaptable forms capable to better respond to the uncertainties of the future. The consequences of this phenomenon are both the over exhaustion of the human capacity to adapt and the elimination of ...

The Diocletian's mausoleum was built at the beginning of the 4th century and was later turned into Split's cathedral in the 7th century. Due to its importance, it is not a surprise that the cathedral is an architecturally influential building. There are several churches near Split that contain the central octagonal element in their spatial composition and the church of Saint Clement in Sitno Gornje is the oldest one, still standing. The researchers have often emphasized the influence of the Diocletian's mausoleum,...

Under increasing pressure for change in the land use patterns within city's floodplains, there is a need of protecting or reconnecting fragmented ecological corridors along the riversides. Combining leisure and recreational activities with urban agriculture and flood protection, seems to be the most sensible thing to do in order to ensure efficient use of ecosystem services. In practice, this often leads to formation of mosaic landscape pattern, where a patchwork-like parcels have an integrating function. The arti...

Every day, in hospitals around the world, thousands of people spend hours, days, months for investigations, diagnosis or treatment, in search of healing. For patients and their families, the experience of the time spent in the hospital is often a crucial episode of their lives, whether their child was born there, whether it was the place where the life of a family member or loved one has been saved or a bout of illness was cured or treated there. The hospital often represents a milestone in people's lives, a landm...

In the present-day context, the collective housing represents a generalized urban phenomenon, a largely spread residential typology, which shapes the contemporary city both physically, as well as from the social-cultural point of view. Therefore, the matter of life quality for the communities residing the collective housing neighborhoods becomes significant, from the perspective of the factors which influence this aspect, as well as of the urban strategies implementable in order to improve the existing circumstanc...

Architectural heritage restoration assumes a key role to achieve urban sustainable development due to the advantages it ensures in terms of limited soil consumption, energy efficiency, increased urban quality and community well-being. In territories where welfare reaches satisfactory levels, the ratio between qualitative and quantitative needs tends to increase progressively; this phenomenon involves all production sectors, including that of architectural design which is urged to introduce appropriate quality obje...

As every living thing, cities change within years. It can be said changing is the nature of the city. In Europe, transformation of the city began to get different meanings after the Industrial Revolution. Because with the Industrial Revolution more and more people began to migrate to cities but cities didn't have enough substructure to take people in. They had to meet the requirements so they began to transform. This situation, which happened in Europe in 19th and beginning of the 20th century, began to be seen in...

The modern concept of restoration as a result of a long historical process was shaped in the eighteenth century, when the evolving modern conservation principles found their first concrete expressions. Regarding this, investigating the relationship between the definition of the restoration gave by the lexicography, by the architects and by the antiquaries, and comparing it with the results of the concrete work constitutes a solid base to know in depth the process that led to the concept of restoration in its moder...

The article explores possibility of providing a high quality architectural space and profitability of investment in the context of increasing requirements for energy efficiency of buildings. For this purpose legal requirements relating energy efficiency of buildings are analyzed (EU directives, the local law, ecological certification LEED, BREEAM) and their influence on architecture through evaluation of existing energy-efficient facilities built on a different scale. Continuously increasing requirements concernin...

Experimentally investigated strength and stiffness at uniaxial compression of wood-cement composite as a orthotropic material. The diagrams "Force (N) - Deformation (mm)" were obtained with using test machine SHIMADZU AG300kNX in Mechanical Laboratory. prof. N.A. Belelyubskiy [http://mech-lab.ru/history.php]. Samples in the form of a cube with an edge of 10 cm in 28 days of age were tested. Components of material: sawdust, Portland cement, sodium silicate, calcium chloride, polypropylene fiber (segments of 18 mm l...

This study focuses on design process of “living space” through house and dwelling projects in Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanbul. By taking the “dwelling” unit as a tool for training, students practice different approaches to “living space” in many architecture schools. How the student's perception of living space and their approach to the dwelling design change during architectural education is the subject of this paper. The methodology of this study was based on selected examples of compulsor...

Previous studies have identified a strong preference for finishes that provide a surface perceived comparably close to that of wood in its natural state. This study focuses on establishing if physical characteristics of wood grain can affect the choice of a finish, regardless of the initial preference. Experienced examiners carry out the analysis, while the influence of their individual cultural background is taken into consideration in analyzing the results. The subjects are presented with a selection of samples ...

This article is focused on the role of architectural design in metropolitan spatial structures. Iconic architecture located at the nodes of the metropolitan urban network strengthen the quality of its public spaces and crystallize some of them into polycentric sub-centers of the metropolitan structure. The article proposes a matrix of relations between problems and their scales as a tool for analytical research, which focuses on the metropolitan structure of Krakow. These relations can be used to help explain the ...

This article focuses on how children play, their behavior while playing and how we can create enjoyable and functional play areas in cities. Children can play anywhere. Important thing is to make play times beneficial for children both physically and mentally. In play environments children are always interested in natural elements such as sand, trees and water because of their play qualities and their power to enable the creation of new games. Because of that reason governments try to increase natural recreation a...

The study of water landscapes involves a number of ways and methods. It has become especially important nowadays when the latest technologies and ideas on shaping water can be applied to create water parks' interiors. Water has been a key potential in the development of water parks. The article illustrates possibilities of formal solutions with the use of water in various forms, leaving it open for further research in this topic. By analysing the internal landscape of contemporary in situ water parks, the author s...

Globalization is a leading concept which has become the main factor in everyday business during the last few decades. As every aspect of life is inadvertently affected by this phenomenon, the very notion of architecture is also influenced with the emergence of new meanings and definitions. The foremost example of such a transition in the field of architecture is no doubt the modern shopping environment. Being one of the initial activities of mankind; commerce and trade first emerged as simple bartering and continu...

Globalization is unification. In the field of architecture and in the social structure alike, the globalization leads to a blending of economies and cultures that produces uniformly branded public space as a response to universal assumptions of integration and correlation. While branding consists in creating a recognizable and outstanding image a strong contradiction exists between both of these approaches. As a result, regional architecture is disappearing, while the growth in significance of international archit...

This paper includes a brief report of the research that questions whether an outline of the structure of the modern architectural knowledge could be drawn and how the concepts 'discontinuity' and 'opposition' could be utilized in attaining an epistemological reading of it. A contextual analysis of the texts and visual material on architecture has provided us with compatible data on how oppositions such as the ones between 'building and topography', 'compositional unit and whole', 'iconic and symbolic values of arc...

The objective of this research is identification, studying and analysis of the combined technologies for art processing of glass, which will allow us to expand the range of products of arts and crafts considerably. This paper presents the features of the combined technologies for kilnformed glass. The technology of consecutive agglomeration and recomposition of the glass elements is especially important. The author conducted an experiment which helped to research and investigate main characteristics of the pre-fus...

This article deals with Ural factory hospitals of various periods of time and styles: Demidovsky Hospital in Nizhny Tagil, Factory Hospital in Zlatoust and Factory Hospital in Satkinsk. Authors carried out comparative analysis of planning and facade decisions, features of planning. Distinctions in plans enable one to observe evolution of planning decisions of hospitals and to estimate influence of the made changes on planning structure of the building as a whole.

The use of a projector to display information has increased. An advantage of projected information is that there is no need for the user to wear special devices. We proposed an interface design to support the display of operating guides on the surface of equipment. We designed an experiment to determine how to display text. Then, we created an interface design to support the procedures of maintenance.

As the world economy has become more global towards the end of the 20th century, protection of intellectual property rights has gained a special importance for the free movement of goods. Intellectual property rights are generally organized into two categories: Copyright and industrial property. Copyright refers to the rights related to artistic and literary works whereas industrial property primarily refers to inventions, trademarks and industrial designs. As designs are intellectual outputs embodying both artist...

While spending time in our everyday urban environment do we ever think how particular architecture influences the economic value of that space? Space has its measurable financial value. From the economic point of view a place can be treated as a product that fights for appearing in tourists' and investors' consciousnesses. Space - treated as an object of demand and supply - becomes an element in a marketing game. To reach its maximum value the space should be competitive to the other spaces, from which it wants to...

While thinking on and writing on the contemporary architecture of 21st century, it is known that there are always encounters difficulties and restrictiveness of making distinct descriptions, because of the existence of many different interesting architectural project examples all over the world. All kinds of descriptive approaches to be held towards the field of contemporary architecture and/or the names that are producing works in the field will inevitably include some details while they also will exclude some ot...

In the 21st century EU is one of the super-power of the World while the definition of the union has been produced since the Middle Ages, more than this it is known that the definition of Europe has been produced since the Antique regarding to the economic, sociological, cultural and politic conditions. Although the idea of the united Europe had existed since the Middle Ages, till the 19th century, it is known that the idea could not turned into the reality. Unless after the 19th century and the early 20th century,...

The tendency to offer hypothetical design problems in architectural design studios is contradictory with its excuse. The assertion that neglecting some contextual inputs would increase creativity remains null as it detaches students from the realistic situations that provide a high chance of possessing a sincere motive for achieving an effective solution. Detachment from the social variables of a given context has such an impact on students who, therefore, tend to focus on formal configurations and skill demonstra...

The Romanian church architecture represents a generic title that refers to the evolution of this branch of religious art, within the lands occupied by the Orthodox Romanians. Places of worship appeared in these lands since the fourteenth century and they were built in all the architectural styles found, from the basilical style to the most complex forms of the byzantine style.However, taking into consideration the fact that Romania was an unified state only after 1918, until the date mentioned earlier in our study...

The aim of the paper is to examine the potential of augmented reality in architectural projects. Authors identify the approaches to augmented reality and present the methodology of its use in architectural practice, as well as the result of own case study - augmented reality design of the district El Cabanyal in Valencia, Spain. The AR Project “TimetravellersCabanyal 2013” enabled not only the virtual reconstruction of demolished buildings on their original place, in three-dimensional representation, but also ...

The paper presents the impact on the architecture of the new technologies of realization of concrete structures. Some topological concepts of structural system, known earlier, can be realized only now – thanks to technological development. The possibility of shaping complex organic forms is important because of the visual perception of created architectural objects.

Since early age, the concrete experiences deformations due to thermal differences and shrinkage. The Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (JPCPs) have joints, these are weak zones where it is expected the cracks will be produced. In fact the designed slab length considers that the joints crack. During the construction of JPCPs in Chile, in wet climatic conditions, it was observed that the joints remained uncracked even 3 weeks after construction. Nevertheless, in average climatic conditions, the cracking time of the f...

In recent years, the concept of "design culture" is often used in the analysis of various aspects of the theory and practice of design. The researchers from other areas of the humanities knowledge (cultural studies, pedagogy, sociology) operate these aspects. In the present article, the attempts of theoretical understanding of the concept of "design culture" in art are made. The author's definition of the term is given and developed taking into account the experience of its usage in related humanitarian sciences, ...

Architecture is a complex system composed of parts and elements which interact with one another. As Vitruvius claims: 'The design of a temple depends on symmetry, the principles of which must be most carefully observed by the architect. They are due to proportion /.../ Without symmetry and proportion there can be no principle in the design of any temple; that is, if there is no precise relation between its members, as in the case of those of a well shaped man. [\ldots] Therefore, if it is agreed that the numerical...

The worldwide movement related to the inclusion of people with disabilities into society is a great challenge for all professions influencing the building process. The concept of “Design for All / Universal Design” is based on the aim that all built environments and products should be designed to meet the needs of the widest possible range of users. Architects, urban planners and designers must change routine procedures for creation of external and internal built environment; they must put greater emphasis on ...

Fashion communication has been through major changes in the recent years with the emergence and evolution of the new digital media. Advertisement is addressed in multiple channels, not limited to printed media. There is a growing concern in providing timely information to the consumer and creating powerful visual profiles. The research sought to clarify how Fashion has adapted to this new paradigm, through the analysis of three interactive Fashion communication products: two iPad apps – The Unlimited Magazine an...